Heavy Metal Contents in Soil and Plants at Dumpsites: A Case Study of Awotan and Ajakanga Dumpsite Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Assesement of Some Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants Growth in Dumpsites
This study was carried out to assess the heavy metal content (zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium and nickel) on soils and plants of dumpsites at Oluku, Iguomo and Ikhueniro in Benin City, Edo State. Soil samples were randomly collected from two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) from the dumpsite and control areas. Plant samples (Talinium triangulare) were also collected randomly from the dumpsite and control areas. Analysis of the soil and plant samples showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in heavy metal contents (especially zinc) between the control sites and the dumpsites. It was observed that the pollution index of the dumpsite soils were not high (<1) to readily cause harm. Although the transfer factor for zinc was >1 in the control and dumpsite areas, the other metals remained at <1 with the exception of cadmium which was >1 at the Iguomo dumpsite area.
Heavy metal uptake by plant tissues was investigated by planting selected vegetable plants (hyper-accumulant) in potted soils from the different dumpsites in Makurdi andnurtured by necessary agronomic and irrigation practices to maturity. At maturity the plants were harvested whole, dried and blended in the laboratory for analysis for heavy metals. The metals uptake by selected hyper-accumulant, concentration left in the soil after extraction by hyper-accumulant,were determined. Amaranthus (white seed) removed up to 39.5% of Zinc mean concentration from Under bridge dumpsite. Amaranthus (Black) removed up to 48.5% of Copper and 39.9% of lead mean concentration from K/Ala street dumpsite. Pumpkin was able to remove up to 48% about 40% Arsenic and about 61% of chromium's Naka Road dumpsite. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to estimate variation among group means in the samples by a factorial design. The effects of the site and plant and also their interactions on heavy metal up take by plants were analyzed by Duncan multiple rang test and LSD values were 0.01510, 0.2350, 0.5172, 0.06723, 0.01668, and 0.06105 for As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn respectively was for interaction effects of plants and site on the uptake of metals by plant and 0.02031, 0.3788, 0.1416, 0.3217, 3.381 and 0.4233 As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn respectively was for interaction effects of plants and site on the uptake of metals by soils. This implies that wastes dumped at these sites are heterogeneous and these plant have similar uptake potentials.
This study investigated the concentration and bioaccumulation of Heavy metals of plants within waste dumpsites in Ozoro, South-South Nigeria. The soil and plants parts (Root and shoot) were obtained from the dumpsite and at a farm land far away from the dumpsite (Control site). The soil and plant parts were digested using aqua regia and analysed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck 200A model). Musa paradisiacal (Plantain), Manihot esculenta (Cassava), Colocasia esculenta (Cocoyam) and Carica papaya (Pawpaw) were studied. The heavy metals cadmium, copper, Iron, lead, manganese and zinc were analyzed. The metal concentration in mg/kg ranged thus; Cd (0.01 – 0.06); Cu (0.01 – 0.08); Fe (0.01 – 0.08); Pb (0.01 – 0.07); Mn (0.01 – 0.06) and Zn (0.01 – 0.05). The metal concentrations in the dumpsite soil and plants were relatively higher than those from the control site. Musa paradisiacal and Manihot esculenta had their heavy metals concentrations accumulated more in the roots than in the shoots while Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya had heavy metal concentration more in the shoot than in the root. Bioaccumulation Factor of the studied plants showed that Musa paradisiacal is a bioaccumulator for Manganese, Manihot esculenta and Colocasia esculenta are bioaccumulators for cadmium while Carica papaya is a bioaccumulator for Cadmium, copper and Iron. Translocation Factor (TFRoot to Shoot) of the heavy metals in Musa paradisiacal and Manihot esculenta were all less than 1 while the (TFRoot to Shoot) for Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya were all greater than 1 indicating easy translocation of the metals to the shoot by Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya. The Translocation Factor (TFSoil to Root) for cadmium was greater than 1 for all the plants except Carica papaya. Copper and Iron had TFSoil to root greater than 1 in Manihot esculenta while manganese had TFSoil to root greater than 1 in Musa paradisiacal implying easy translocation of the metals from soil to root. The Enrichment Factor of the heavy metals were all greater than 1 which implies that the metals are all readily available for absorption by the plants. The metal concentrations were less than FAO/WHO guidelines except lead. The ease at which cadmium and lead were translocated from the root to the shoot calls for concern. Therefore planting of crops around dumpsite soils should be discontinued with in order to safeguard our health.
A Study of the Uptake of Heavy Metals by Plants near Metal-Scrap Dumpsite in Zaria, Nigeria
Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014
The research work investigates the metal uptake of the plants Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Rumex acetosa (sorrel), and Solanum melongena (garden egg) collected from experimental sites and a control area in Zaria, Nigeria. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn in different parts of each of the plant species grown on the experimental and control soils were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The experimental levels of the metals were higher than those at the control site and the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO). Solanum melongena showed bioaccumulation factor (BF) and transfer factor (TF) greater than 1 for Cd, Pb, and Mn; Rumex acetosa showed BF and TF greater than 1 for Mn and Zn, and TF was greater than 1 for Cu and Fe; Lycopersicon esculentum had only the TF for Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn greater than 1. This results implies that Solanum melongena and Rumex acetosa plants can be effectively used ...
Environ Geochem Health, 2024
Heavy metal contamination in the soil and phytoremediation potential of the plants cultivated around the Gosa dumpsite were evaluated using pol lution indices. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and plant samples were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Agilent 280FS AA). The mean heavy metal contents in the upper and lower soil layers ranged from 0.37 to 1662.61 mg/kg and 0.32 to 1608.61 mg/kg, respectively, in ascending order of Cd < Cr < Cu < Ni < Pb < Co < Zn < Fe. The results revealed a steady depthwise decrease in heavy metal contents from the upper to lower soil layers. Co, Pb, Zn and Fe were introduced through geogenic and anthropogenic pathways, while Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd were derived mainly from anthropogenic sources. The mean soil enrichment in the heavy metals ranged from 0.96 to 237.04 in the ascending order of Fe > Co > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni. The soil was mod erately polluted with Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and Cd but heavily polluted with Cr and Ni. The results revealed that 37.5% of the sites studied had pollution load indi ces greater than 1.0, indicating gradual deterioration in overall soil quality. The concentrations of Pb, Cd and Fe exceeded the recommended limits for the five plant species assessed. The transfer factor (TF) values of okra plant 1 (0.7536), water hyacinth (1.3768), and Amaranthus hybridus (0.9783) indicated excellent Cd phytoremediation potential. Okra Plant, water hya cinth and Amaranthus hybridus had excellent poten tial for phytoremediation of Cu, Fe and Pb, respec tively. The study area was strongly enriched in Fe, Cd, Cr, and Ni, suggesting some degree of soil pollution, while the plants demonstrated an excellent capacity to accumulate Cd, Cu, Fe and Pb. This dumpsite should be adequately monitored while proper remediation measures are adopted by government authorities.
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2019
Cross sectional study was conducted around two unengineered dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria on heavy metal concentrations and physicochemical parameters in soil and plants. Physicochemical parameters studied include pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrite ion, Phosphate ion, Sulphate ion, Chloride ion and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Cu). The result shows that edible plants were observed to have recorded one variety of metal or the other; and a relatively higher concentration of metals were found in the soil than in plant which indicates possible gradual movement of metals from the soil samples into the plants. Chloride ion concentration was negligible in all edible plants, but traces of other anions were recorded in both plants. Both dumpsites have contamination factor (CF) ranging from low to very highly polluted for different metals. Contamination degree (CD) at the dumpsites s...
In this work concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn were determined in soils and plants from refuse dumpsites in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. The refuse dump soils were evaluation using contamination/pollution factor(C/P), Enrichment factor (EF), Index of Geoaccumulation (Igeo) and Pollution load index were calculated. The observation suggests high C/P values of the dump soil are polluted by Cd, Cr and Ni acts as a sink for heavy metals contributed from anthropogenic sources in the study area. C/P data, EF, PLI and (Igeo) indicated that these heavy metals originate from anthropogenic sources. Fe and Ni loads in plants from the refuse dump soils pronounced maximum concentration than Nigeria guideline. Transfer ratios for Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe of plants from the control soils were higher than those from the refuse dump soils,