Heavy Metal Concentration and Physicochemical Parameters in Soil and Plants near Unengineered Dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Sretechjournal Publication, 2019
The research evaluated the levels of heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Fe) in two dumpsites and control in Ilesha metropolis, Nigeria. Specific soil properties and the level of metals in dumpsites soil samples and vegetables were also considered. Standard techniques were employed in the appraisal and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Buck Scientific model 210) for the metal concentration analysis. The level of each metal was detected low in the control site compared to the dumpsites which prove that there had been the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metal through the disposal of wastes containing or made of heavy metals. The metal concentration ranges between 0.25 mg/Kg (Cadmium of control) to 82,313 mg/Kg (Iron of IMD dumpsite). The vegetable (Talinum triangulare) that was common to the dumpsites and control accumulated minimal concentrations of the metals. In fact, vegetable in the two dumpsites and control had Cr, Cd, and Pb occurring below the detection limit. All the concentrations of metals studied in soil and vegetable were found to be lower than the maximum permissible limit of heavy metal in soil and vegetable stated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) which implies that the vegetables are presently safe for human consumption. The higher concentration of metals in dumpsite and their vegetables more than the control site shows that there is gradual pollution of heavy metals in the vegetable and implies that there is a need to avoid consuming vegetable grown on these sites and discourage the use of the sites for any form farming activities.
This study investigated the concentration and bioaccumulation of Heavy metals of plants within waste dumpsites in Ozoro, South-South Nigeria. The soil and plants parts (Root and shoot) were obtained from the dumpsite and at a farm land far away from the dumpsite (Control site). The soil and plant parts were digested using aqua regia and analysed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck 200A model). Musa paradisiacal (Plantain), Manihot esculenta (Cassava), Colocasia esculenta (Cocoyam) and Carica papaya (Pawpaw) were studied. The heavy metals cadmium, copper, Iron, lead, manganese and zinc were analyzed. The metal concentration in mg/kg ranged thus; Cd (0.01 – 0.06); Cu (0.01 – 0.08); Fe (0.01 – 0.08); Pb (0.01 – 0.07); Mn (0.01 – 0.06) and Zn (0.01 – 0.05). The metal concentrations in the dumpsite soil and plants were relatively higher than those from the control site. Musa paradisiacal and Manihot esculenta had their heavy metals concentrations accumulated more in the roots than in the shoots while Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya had heavy metal concentration more in the shoot than in the root. Bioaccumulation Factor of the studied plants showed that Musa paradisiacal is a bioaccumulator for Manganese, Manihot esculenta and Colocasia esculenta are bioaccumulators for cadmium while Carica papaya is a bioaccumulator for Cadmium, copper and Iron. Translocation Factor (TFRoot to Shoot) of the heavy metals in Musa paradisiacal and Manihot esculenta were all less than 1 while the (TFRoot to Shoot) for Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya were all greater than 1 indicating easy translocation of the metals to the shoot by Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya. The Translocation Factor (TFSoil to Root) for cadmium was greater than 1 for all the plants except Carica papaya. Copper and Iron had TFSoil to root greater than 1 in Manihot esculenta while manganese had TFSoil to root greater than 1 in Musa paradisiacal implying easy translocation of the metals from soil to root. The Enrichment Factor of the heavy metals were all greater than 1 which implies that the metals are all readily available for absorption by the plants. The metal concentrations were less than FAO/WHO guidelines except lead. The ease at which cadmium and lead were translocated from the root to the shoot calls for concern. Therefore planting of crops around dumpsite soils should be discontinued with in order to safeguard our health.
This study investigates the heavy metal contents in soils and plants at Awotan and Ajakanga dumpsites in Ibadan with a particular reference to physiochemical and heavy metal levels of the underlying soils, the relationship between the dumpsite soil metal content and the rate of bio-accumulation by plants. A systematic sampling of twelve (12) soils sample (four per site) of twenty meters (20m) interval and forty eight (48) dominant plants/ vegetable species were collected, uprooted from sample plot from Awotan and Ajakanga dumpsites and Idi-Ose farm land area which serve as control site of 20m. The soil samples were collected at each plot using clean stainless steel shovel at the depth of 0-30cm. The level of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in soils, plants and vegetables from dumpsites and control site were determined using digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method (AAS). The transfer factor (Tf) revealed that plants grown on dumpsite soils by accumulated higher metal concentration than their counter part obtained from normal agricultural soil (control site). Generally, the result shows that there was an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the two dumpsite soils than that of the soils at the control sites. The heavy metal (Fe and Zn) contents in the plants were higher at the two (2) dumpsites than control sites while the concentrations of Pb and Cd in the plants were higher at the dumpsite than control site. The level of heavy metals transfer for site A was in the order: Cu> Cd> As> Fe> Co> Pb> Zn> Ni while for site B was Cd > Cu > Fe > Co > As > Pb > Ni > Zn. Therefore, solid waste dumpsites contained high concentrations of heavy metals which are later absorbed and accumulated by the plants growing within such sites.
Environ Geochem Health, 2024
Heavy metal contamination in the soil and phytoremediation potential of the plants cultivated around the Gosa dumpsite were evaluated using pol lution indices. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and plant samples were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Agilent 280FS AA). The mean heavy metal contents in the upper and lower soil layers ranged from 0.37 to 1662.61 mg/kg and 0.32 to 1608.61 mg/kg, respectively, in ascending order of Cd < Cr < Cu < Ni < Pb < Co < Zn < Fe. The results revealed a steady depthwise decrease in heavy metal contents from the upper to lower soil layers. Co, Pb, Zn and Fe were introduced through geogenic and anthropogenic pathways, while Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd were derived mainly from anthropogenic sources. The mean soil enrichment in the heavy metals ranged from 0.96 to 237.04 in the ascending order of Fe > Co > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni. The soil was mod erately polluted with Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and Cd but heavily polluted with Cr and Ni. The results revealed that 37.5% of the sites studied had pollution load indi ces greater than 1.0, indicating gradual deterioration in overall soil quality. The concentrations of Pb, Cd and Fe exceeded the recommended limits for the five plant species assessed. The transfer factor (TF) values of okra plant 1 (0.7536), water hyacinth (1.3768), and Amaranthus hybridus (0.9783) indicated excellent Cd phytoremediation potential. Okra Plant, water hya cinth and Amaranthus hybridus had excellent poten tial for phytoremediation of Cu, Fe and Pb, respec tively. The study area was strongly enriched in Fe, Cd, Cr, and Ni, suggesting some degree of soil pollution, while the plants demonstrated an excellent capacity to accumulate Cd, Cu, Fe and Pb. This dumpsite should be adequately monitored while proper remediation measures are adopted by government authorities.
2020
Environmental contamination by heavy metals as a result of unregulated disposal of wastes is a serious challenge all over the world. Early detection and remediation of heavy metals in soil and plants will ameliorate serious potential threats posed to human health and other components of the ecosystem. This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and selected heavy metal concentration in soils and edible plant at three different refuse dumpsites in Nkwerre Local Government Area of Imo State and compared with the permissible limits specified Original Research Article Emmanuel et al.; SARJNP, 3(3): 26-36, 2020; Article no.SARJNP.60289 27 by WHO/FAO standards. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0 – 20 cm using a soil auger while plant samples were collected from same source as the soil. Samples were collected from an area with no history of dumpsites which served as control. Standard analytical procedures were used for physicochemical parameters whil...
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2020
The study analyses the health risk assessment of the concentration of Iron, Lead, Copper, Chromium, and Cadmium heavy metals in vegetables grown near dumpsites of Jimeta and Ngurore areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vegetables mainly Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were collected in triplicates and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Buck 210VGP (AAS). The result revealed that heavy metals detected in spinach at Jimeta dumpsite decreased in the following order: Fe (3.7 mg/kg) > Pb (0.18 mg/kg) > Cu (0.12 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/kg) > Cd (below limit of detection), compared to the metal concentration in spinach at Ngorure dumpsite with lower concentration of heavy metal which decreased in the order of: Fe (2.5 mg/kg) > Pb (0.16 mg/kg) > Cu (0.14 mg/kg) > Cr (0.02 mg/kg) > Cd (below limit of detection). Other result for Spinach in Jimeta decreased in the order Fe (3.31mg/kg) > Pb (0.2mg/kg) > Cu (0.11mg/kg) > Cr (0.0...
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2018
A survey of some heavy metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and Fe) in soil of waste dumpsite and its associated environment was undertaken in this study. Soil samples were collected from the dumpsite (station 1), staff quarters of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Port Harcourt (station 2) and Fence of Eagle Cement Company (station 3) for a period of four months (January-May 2012). Mean concentrations of heavy metal obtained were 3.761±1.525mg/kg, 1.223±0.828mg/kg, 0.160±0.293mg/kg, 0.126±0.085mg/kg, 3.481±0.133mg/kg and 248.548±13.800mg/kg for Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and Fe respectively with Fe having the highest concentration of 248.548±13.800mg/kg and Pb having the lowest concentration of 0.160±0.293mg/kg. The order of heavy metal concentration is Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Cd>Pb. Highest concentration of heavy metals across the stations was obtained in dumpsite soil (station 1) followed by Eagle Cement Fence (station 3). This result shows that plants planted close to dumpsite, surface and groundwater of nearby environments will be contaminated with heavy metal and will not be usable for human consumption and other categories of water usage. Wastes from the dump site can be reduced, reused and recycled.
2017
Municipal refuse may increase heavy metal concentration in soil, even at low levels, and their resulting long-term cumulative health effects are among the leading health concerns all over the world. In this study, we investigated the concentration of heavy metals in soils and edible plant leaves grown in an abandoned dumpsite along Akachi road in Owerri municipality. The soil samples were collected at each plot using a soil Auger at the depth of 0-10 cm. Leaves of dominant edible plant species were selected and collected from each sample plot. The samples were dried in an oven with forced air at 40 °C, milled to fine powder, then digested with 10 ml concentrated HNO3 and 5 ml concentrated HClO4 and were analyzed for Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn, using an H183200 MultiParameter Bench Photometer. Result showed that metals in the sampled soils included (in order of quantity) Cr: 150-280 >Fe: 116.50-203 >Cu: 12.4-18.8 >Mn: 0-20 >Al: 0.08-0.16 >Zn: 0-1.4 mg kg Dw. Moreover, ...