USE-WEAR ANALYSIS OF FLINT ARTEFACTS FROM THE BARROWS OF THE CORDED WARE CULTURE IN ULÓW (original) (raw)
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Flint tools from the Stone Age in the Chełmno Land. Traseological study - summary
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This is an English summary of the book under the title Narzędzia krzemienne w epoce kamienia na ziemi chełmińskiej. Studium traseologiczne which was published in 2010 by UMK University Press Toruń Grzegorz Osipowicz, Flint tools from the Stone Age in the Chełmno Land. Traseological study The study presented below can be inscribed into traseological research stream of flint inventory originating from the Stone Age. Its main purpose is multi-faceted functional analysis of products obtained in 31 archaeological sites, majority of which (29) are located in the area of Pojezierze Chełmińsko-Dobrzyńskiego (Chełmno-Dobrzyń Lake District), the territory of historic Chełmno Land, two of them are situated in the West of the Vistula River within Toruń-Eberswalde ancient River Bed and in the Lower Vistula Valley, (fig. 14). Chronological range of his paper is closed in the period between late Dryas and the Atlantic period and refers to three stages of human prehistory: the Late Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Early and Middle Neolithic eras. The described Late Paleolithic sites are connected with Swiderian culture, Mesolithic ones belong to various cultures (Sąsieczno, site 4, Toruń, site 247 -Komornickie collections; Lubicz sites 12, 13, 18so called Chojnicko-Pieńkowskie collections). Remarks concerning Neolithic era and its connections with earlier periods are based on flint material described by Jolanta Małecka-Kukawka (2001). Collections of two cultures' siteslinear pottery and funnel beaker -were taken into account. The paper consists of five chapters. First characterizes trasological method, secondpresents the results of archaeological experiments carried out. It also contains brief characteristics of usage traces registered on particular types of tools. Chapter three is a catalogue of archaeological sources describing flint material subjected to analysis reflecting its origin, chronology and cultural adherence. Last two chapters are of analytic character, first is devoted to principal problems resulting directly from microscope analysis of prehistoric tools, i.e. ways of manufacturing them and the rules of implementing flint tools as well as techniques of raw material processing in various cultures and chronological periods. Part of chapter 5 (5.1.-5.4.) touches technological and typological problems, puts questions concerning methods of flint material usage, morphological features common and separate for those tools and the modes of using various flint forms. Subsection 5.5. refers to analysis of sites' functional profile, variety
Use-wear analyses of the flint tools from Geleen-Janskamperveld
2007
Use-wear analyses of the flint tools from Geleen-Janskamperveld A selection of the flint implements from Geleen Janskamperveld was subjected to a functional analysis. The most frequently encountered contact material was hide, similar to what has been demonstrated in other LBK contexts. Quite a large number of cereal harvesting implements were seen as well. Several tools displayed 'polish 23' and 'polish 10', two common but as yet unexplained types of wear traces. Flint was also used for craft activities like wood working and working mineral materials. Traces from contact with bone and antler were virtually absent. Flint tools were therefore employed in both subsistence and craft activities.
Journal of European Archaeology, 2022
At Supraśl 3 in northeastern Poland, four Bell Beaker features contained small quantities of burnt and highly fragmented human and animal bones and various, mostly fragmented, artefacts. These assemblages included twenty-four flint arrowheads, most of which bore traces of grinding, though not all were ground to the same extent. A comprehensive macroscopic and microscopic analysis was undertaken to determine the process of shaping these arrowheads and the possible reasons for grinding them, especially as no local flint working was recorded at the site. The authors suggest that the grinding of arrowheads reflects both practical and ritual concerns, possibly originating in emulation of techniques used by the Rzucewo culture and signalling contacts with the wider Bell Beaker milieu.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 74/1, 513-524, 2022
We analysed a small collection of three arrowheads and one piece of spearhead. They were made of flint and metal and come from the Bronze and Early Iron Age settlement at Ruszowice in today SW Poland. Although only one comes from a settlement pit, we argue they were used by the community occupying the site at the beginning of the Urnfield period which starts around 1300 BC. All four objects bear clear traces of use including hafting and sharpening proving they use in everyday life.
Semi-product, Waste, Tool… Are We Sure? Functional Aspect of Stone Age Morphological Flint Tools
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This present study describes, based on use-wear analysis from 31 sites from Central Poland, the characteristics of several exploitation modes of various flint forms (mostly morphological tools). The chronology of the assemblages dates from the Older Dryas to the Atlantic period and includes 3 prehistoric stages: Terminal Palaeolothic, Mesolithic and Early and Middle Neolithic. Overall analysis was performed on 10199 specimens (all uncovered at the described sites), from which 1755 were functional tools. The study attempts to verify the correctness of the interpretation of the archeological site’s function based on use-wear analysis of these selected sources. In addition, the possibility of a morphological-functional typology, i.e. a classification connecting tool form and its function, has been discussed.
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Corded Ware culture at Zagórze in the Middle Beskid (Polish Western Carpathians
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica, 2021
In 2012, series of archaeological rescue excavations were carried out at Zagórze, due to the construction of the Świnna Poręba retention reservoir on the Skawa river in Wadowice district (Lesser Poland voivodeship). During this research, in one of the excavated sites – no. 8 – a flint tool was discovered below the top of the slope in the diluvial cover, in the secondary position. The preliminary analysis showed that it is a so-called flame knife, characteristic tool of the Corded Ware culture. Sometime later, feature no. 894 was discovered, located approximately 35 meters from the aforementioned flame knife, at the top of the slope. Five fragments of pottery were found in this feature. Four of them have been classified as fragments of CWC ceramics, including fragments of a beaker and an amphora. On the basis of these finds, as well as comparisons to other sites, two hypotheses were formulated regarding the nature of the discovered feature: a flat grave or a feature of a settlement character. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis (including use-wear analysis of the flame knife) and interpretation of these discovered finds.
Excavated in 2009, the barrow from Kruszyn (the Kujawy region) is related to a small regional group of the Corded Ware culture. Noteworthy is a fairly good state of its preservation and a remarkably numerous assemblage of tools made of bone and antler. Unearthed human remains were anthropologically studied and examined isotopically (14C, δ13C, δ15N, 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O), while artefacts made of organic material were subject to archaeozoological and use wear analyses. Samples of sediments surrounding the grave were also investigated. The grave dates back to the first half of the third millennium BC and in terms of its construction bears the closest resemblance to the Central European early Corded Ware barrows. It was a burial of a non-local elderly man, probably engaged in hide working in life, as evidenced by traces on the tools deposited with him in the grave and made from bones of wild animals. The grave yielded also cow bones and a pot typical for the late Neolithic settlement sites.