Application of Geographical Information System (GIS) in urban water of Amol in Iran at time of natural disaster (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 2006
In this paper a spatially distributed hydrologic model (WetSpa) is used to estimate daily river water discharge in Gorganrood river basin, Iran. The model combines topography, land use and soil maps, and observed daily meteorological time series to predict discharge hydrographs and the spatial distribution of hydrological parameters in the catchment. WetSpa model uses a modified rational method to calculate runoff and degree-day coefficient method to estimate the snow melt runoff based on temperature data. The runoff is routed through the basin along flow paths using a diffusive wave transfer method that enables to calculate response functions between any start and end point, depending upon slope, flow velocity and dissipation characteristic along the flow lines. The digital maps of topography, land use and soil type are 3 base maps used in the model in geographical information system (GIS) form using 90 × 90 m cell size. Results of the simulations show a good agreement between calculated and measured hydrographs at the outlet of the basin. The model predicts the daily hydrographs with a good accuracy, between 71 to 76% according to the Nash-Sutcliff criteria.
Groundwater (GW) is one of the most valuable natural resources and for that reason, the GW protection and management is vital for human evolution, socio-economic development and ecological diversity. During the last decades, the continuously increasing need of water has led to a rapidly growing awareness in the field of GW management. At the same time over exploitation and pollution of water resources are threatening the ecosystems. The combination of these two problems which have acquired worldwide dimensions has forced many scientists working in relative fields to search new, multidisciplinary approaches to address them. Effective management and protection of groundwater resources require detail knowledge and quantitative/qualitative characterization of aquifers. Thus, modeling and planning of the GW through the use of modern technologies and approaches have become of high priority towards this direction.
GIS-based decision support system for groundwater assessment in large irrigation project areas
Agricultural Water Management, 2003
In large canal irrigation project areas, integrated management of surface and groundwater resources can improve water use efficiencies and agricultural productivity and also control water logging. Such integrated management requires an estimation of spatial distribution of recharge and ground water flow in the underlying aquifer. Recharge occurs both as percolation losses from fields and seepage losses from the water distribution network. Percolation losses are influenced by weather, soil properties, land use, and canal water and groundwater use. Seepage losses depend on the conditions of flow in the water distribution system. In large irrigation project areas all the factors influencing the recharge of groundwater vary spatially. In this study, a geographical information systems (GIS) is used to map the spatial distribution of recharge which then serves as input to a regional groundwater flow model for simulating the behavior of the underlying aquifer. The basis is that the project area can be divided into a set of basic simulation units (BSUs) that are homogenous with respect to the conditions that influence the recharge processes. A daily field soil water balance model and a simple canal flow model are used to estimate the percolation and seepage losses, respectively. The combination of models and GIS can be used as an integrated decision support system to assess the groundwater resources and derive strategies for integrated management of canal and groundwater resources in the project area.
Integration of Groundwater Flow Modeling and GIS
Water Resources Management and Modeling, 2012
Water Resources Management and Modeling 240 flow system bear great significance. It is important not only to facilitate the reconstruction of the ecological environment but also to accommodate the sustainable development of the water resources and economy of this region. According to Choubey (1996), a rapid and accurate assessment of the extent of waterlogged areas could be made using remotely sensed data. Remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) offers convenient solutions to map the extent and severity of waterlogging and salinity, particularly in large areas (IDNP 2002). Arora and Goyal (2003) highlighted the use of GIS in development of conceptual groundwater model. Using the logical conditions and analytical functions of GIS domain, the recharge/discharge zones can be delineated effectively (Ashraf et al., 2005). Such zones often provide clues of causative factors of the waterlogging problem. It should be realized that by just using last century's schemes no longer solves challenges related to today's groundwater situation (Zaisheng et al., 2006). In recent years, groundwater numerical simulation models like Feflow which is based on finite element method have been widely applied to groundwater dynamics simulation due to its appealing features such as visualization, interaction and diversified solving methods (
Groundwater recharge study in arid region: An approach using GIS techniques and numerical modeling
Computers & Geosciences, 2010
To demonstrate the capabilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and numerical modeling for groundwater resources development in arid areas, specifically for the demarcation of suitable sites for the artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers, a study was carried out in the Maknassy basin, which is located in Central Tunisia. Thematic maps were prepared using a Hydrogeological Information System. All of the thematic layers were integrated using an ARCVIEW based model, enabling a map showing artificial recharge zones to be generated. Meanwhile, a ground water model, MODFLOW-2001, was used to estimate the effect of such water recharge on the piezometric behavior of the hydrological system. Additionally, these simulations helped manage ground water resources in the study area. The GIS-based demarcation of artificial zones developed in this study was based on logical conditions and reasoning, so that the same techniques, with appropriate modifications, could be adopted elsewhere, especially in similar aquifer systems in arid areas where the occurrence of groundwater is restricted and subject to a greater complexity. The efficiency of artificial recharge may be tested using hydrogeological modeling by simulating the effect of a potential groundwater refill.
GIS-based aquifer modeling and planning using integrated geoenvironmental and chemical approaches
… Nova Publishers, USA …, 2008
Groundwater (GW) is one of the most valuable natural resources and for that reason, the GW protection and management is vital for human evolution, socio-economic development and ecological diversity. During the last decades, the continuously increasing need of water has led to a rapidly growing awareness in the field of GW management. At the same time over exploitation and pollution of water resources are threatening the ecosystems. The combination of these two problems which have acquired worldwide dimensions has forced many scientists working in relative fields to search new, multidisciplinary approaches to address them. Effective management and protection of groundwater resources require detail knowledge and quantitative/qualitative characterization of aquifers. Thus, modeling and planning of the GW through the use of modern technologies and approaches have become of high priority towards this direction.
Development of a database linked to a GIS for coupling with groundwater modelling tools
2003
Groundwater analysis strongly depends on the availability of large volumes of high-quality data. Putting all data in a coherent and logical structure supported by a computing environment helps ensure validity and availability and provides a powerful tool for hydrogeological studies. A hydrogeological Geographical Information System (GIS) database that offers facilities for hydrogeological modeling has been designed in Belgium for the Walloon Region. Interest is growing in the potential for integrating GIS technology and groundwater simulation models. A "loose-coupling" tool was created between the spatial database scheme and the groundwater numerical model interface GMS© (Groundwater Modeling System). Following time and spatial queries, the hydrogeological data stored in the database can be easily used within different groundwater numerical models.
GIS based surface hydrological modelling in identification of groundwater recharge zones
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2004
At semi-arid areas that dominant portion of required water for agriculture is provided by exploitation of groundwater, these resources encounter with more deterioration. Thus identifying of potential runoff generating sites and estimation of runoff depth can be a significant step for storing runoff for agricultural activities and groundwater recharge. The main purposes of this study are use of GIS (geographic information system) ability for identifying of potential runoff generating sites, and thus identifying high priority areas for groundwater recharge in the Gharehchay River watershed in the north of Hamedan province, Iran. Potential runoff generating sites were identified by using watershed features same as slope, land use and hydrological soil groups. Afterward, CN I (Curve Number I) technique, which is one of the eight derivations of the NRCS-CN (natural resources conservation services curve number) method, was utilized to calculate rainfall-runoff depth in the study region. Finally, map layers were ranked in order of highest priority to lowest priority, based on the criteria of each dataset, and high priority areas for groundwater recharge were identified by integrating potential runoff map, runoff depth and depth to groundwater maps. Spatial analysis revealed that 51% of the study region has a high priority for groundwater recharge.
Assessment of Groundwater Recharge using GIS
Pressure on drinking water is increasing tremendously due to the increase in population in Kathmandu valley.Groundwater is serving as one of main source of water supply in the valley. Due to the scarcity of surface water and high demand for drinking water, excess extraction of groundwater than it replenishes may cause negative effect to Kathmandu valley like subduction. Thus, proper quantification of groundwater recharge must be done to define sustainable extraction of the groundwater. This study is conducted with the aim to demonstrate the simple water balance model within the GIS environment in order to quantify the spatial distribution of groundwater recharge. The simple water balance model Thornthwaite and Marther (1955) was used to quantify the water balance components in the Upper Bagmati watershed. The study shows that the groundwater recharge is high at the northern part specifically where there is high water holding capacity.