Slums Upgrading in Brazil During the 1990S: An Evaluation Using Census Data (original) (raw)
Related papers
Slum upgrading in Brazil: lessons from evaluation processes.
Revista Ciencia & Tropico v.43, 2019
BALBIM, Renato; KRAUSE, Cleandro. Slum upgrading in Brazil: lessons from evaluation processes. Revista C&Trópico, v. 43, nº special, p177-195, 2019. Slum population has had a relative decrease during the 21st century in Brazil. Beginning in the 1990"s, the Brazilian public policy towards slums has been notable, both at national and local levels. Nevertheless, priority has been given to improvement works, evaluation of their results has been a neglected aspect, and a knowledge gap between investments and their impacts has broadened. This paper aims at summarizing the contributions of researchers at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), who conducted slum-upgrading evaluations from 2009 until 2014. They comprise methodologies and procedures for a meta-evaluation of intervention projects as a means to improving programs; a logical model for the evaluation of the intervention in one of the largest favelas in the country; an evaluation guideline proposal for a nationwide precarious settlements urbanization program; and relevant findings of the focus group technique as a qualitative research method. The paper seeks to publicize the results achieved in an effort to advise governments and improve their policies; to foster discussion on tailored evaluation methodologies; to contribute critically with international development agencies; and to reinforce the exercise of citizenship through evaluation practices, transparency, and accountability. Resumen BALBIM, Renato; KRAUSE, Cleandro. Mejoramiento de asentamientos precarios en Brasil: qué se puede aprender de los procesos de evaluación. La población de las favelas brasileñas tuvo una reducción relativa desde el comienzo del siglo XXI. La política pública para los asentamientos precarios, iniciada en la década de 1990, sea por el gobierno federal como por las administraciones municipales, ha sido notable. Sin embargo, la prioridad ha sido dada a obras de mejoramiento por medio de la urbanización, mientras la evaluación de sus resultados no ha recibido la misma atención. Eso contribuyó para alargar una falla de conocimiento de la relación entre inversiones y sus impactos. Este artículo busca resumir las contribuciones que han sido aportadas
2015
Our investigation focuses on urban interventions in lums located in the ABC Region within the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, financed by the “ Informal Settlements Urbanization-Growth Acceleration Program” (PAC-UAP) implemented by the Federal Government since 2007. This Program allocates R$1.3 billion (Reals) for slum up grading in 49 favelas located in the Region (the exchange rate on 06/08/2015 was RS 3.10 for on e d llar). The ABC Region is historically renowned for having implemented pioneering programs in slum upgrading. Despite a considerable increase of federal investments, the u pgrading effort has not produced quantitatively significant results. The persistent low rate of execution of contracted upgrading projects and final payments, observed at the nation l scale, is also evident in the ABC Region. The classification of settlement types and of the r espective interventions provides an overall perspective of the program’s implementation in the region, allowing thus, the ...
Unexpected lessons from a slum upgrading program in Brazil
2005
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-101).This paper looks at the Ribeira Azul Slum Upgrading Program in Salvador de Bahia Brazil, implemented by the development agency of the state of Bahia, CONDER, and the Italian NGO Associazione Volontari per il Servizio Internationale (AVSI), which is recognized by the World Bank and Cities Alliance as an exemplary project. The paper aims at understanding the areas in which it was successful, and illustrate how - despite important shortcomings - the project has become to be considered exemplary. The paper first shows that the project is not as participatory as international donors believe. Moreover, it illustrates that project's sustainability is at risk because inter-governmental political competition between the state and municipal government and party politics prevented the inclusion of the Municipality- institution responsible for...
This paper aims to evaluate two slum upgrading projects in the Brazil during the last decades of 20 th century. Firstly, there is a review on the housing policies how they reacted with the slum condition in Brazil. In the research part are presented the geographical, historic, urban and architectural characteristics of the two cases, the favela Rocinha and the Recife shantytown. Then, there is a review on the most important slum policies that affected these two areas and their results. The purpose is to find common characteristics but also diversities between the two cases. The slum upgrading processes of every case study is defined by three steps: the initial one where the social and build environment of these areas is shaped, the proceeding step where is presented the proposal for every case and how the community of the slum reacted on it, and the last one where we see the development of the project and the ways it affected the ex-slum inhabitants. The information is based on other researches about these two cases and on data extracted by the upgrading projects report. The scope of this essay is not to measure the success of two processes but to find common issues which affected the outcome of the upgrading, although the particular diversities of the applied policies.
Four Decades of Urbanization of Slums in Rio de Janeiro.
2013
Rio de Janeiro is the place in Brazil where actions focused on the urbanization of informal urban settlements are highly discussed, proposed and experimented. This probably is due to the fact that, in our city, many of these settlements occupy a prominent position in the landscape, disputing the territory with other uses considered nobler. However, the presence of the slum not only manifests itself in the landscape, it is also strongly linked to the city's identity.
OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY URBANIZATION IN BRAZIL
Academia Letters, 2021
This article is an adaptation of an excerpt from a PhD thesis called Fragmentos Urbanos: Segregação socioespacial em Uberlândia-MG, also published as a book with the title Retrourbanism-New Urbanization Models of the 21st Century in a Global South Context. The urbanisation process observed in Brazil today comes from an attempt to change established by the 1988 Constitution, through a chapter dedicated to Urban Policy. Several attempts came to regulate this chapter, which only happened with the City Statute (Brazilian federal law), Law 10,257, of July 10, 2001. In the context observed in the 1980s, the process of economic globalization intensifies, since the bipolarizing effect of the world is undone and neoliberal policies are established. One of its main characteristics is the global economy, which according to Castells (1999), was only possible due to the new infrastructure provided by information and communication technologies. The territorial exclusion process established over the 1970s had serious results made explicit in the cities in the late 1990s. Maricato (2001) highlights two consequences of this process, one of which is what the author calls environmental predation, due to this dynamic of housing exclusion and spontaneous settlements, and the increase in urban violence, felt most intensely in areas marked by homogeneous poverty, in large cities. The election of President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) takes place amid the population's desire to maintain economic stability, achieved by the previous government, but also the need for urgent improvements in social policy. In pursuit of urban policies initiated in 2001, with Law 10.257 (City Statute), Lula implements, in his government, the Ministry of Cities. According to the ministry's own website
All that Glitters is not Gold: Unexpected Lessons from a Slum Upgrading Program in Brazil
2012
This paper looks at the Ribeira Azul Slum Upgrading Program in Salvador de Bahia Brazil, implemented by the development agency of the state of Bahia, CONDER, and the Italian NGO Associazione Volontari per il Servizio Internationale (AVSI), which is recognized by the World Bank and Cities Alliance as an exemplary project. The paper aims at understanding the areas in which it was successful, and illustrate how despite important shortcomings the project has become to be considered exemplary. The paper first shows that the project is not as participatory as international donors believe. Moreover, it illustrates that project's sustainability is at risk because inter-governmental political competition between the state and municipal government and party politics prevented the inclusion of the Municipalityinstitution responsible for maintenance in project planning and implementation. If the project did not succeed at eliciting community participation at least in so far as influence on ...
Slum Upgrading: A Challenge as Big as the City of São Paulo
Focus, 2013
Eleven million people live in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 50 percent of them in what is considered "sub normal" housing-squatter settlements, slums, and illegal land subdivisions. They suffer from overcrowding, unhealthy buildings, unsafe environments, lack of basic infrastructure and amenities, and costly public transportation. Elisabete França, São Paulo's deputy secretary for social housing from 2005 to 2012, discusses the city's successful new approaches in public housing and slum upgrading.
Gentrifying the Brazilian city? Convergences and divergences in urban studies
plaNext - next generation planning
There is a growing number of processes in Brazilian cities that have been identified as gentrification. However, the classic definition of gentrification as a process of transformation of existing urban housing stocks by new homeowners with a higher socio-economic profile poses challenges to understand recent empirical data coming from Brazil and the Global South more generally. Instead of dismissing them as deviant cases, this paper challenges the Northern empirical foundations of gentrification theory and calls for a new methodological approach to both classic and new cases that take into consideration its contextualization. This new framework for gentrification research is based on necessary dimensions that identify the production of gentrifiable space as the initial condition to the process of socioeconomic change with displacement in which built-environment upgrades constitute one of its most visible feature. These dimensions are present in each and every case, bounding the con...