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Applications of Biotechnology in Fish
Egyptian Journal of Animal Production, 2020
The use of modern biotechnology to enhance production of aquatic species holds great potential not only to meet demand but also to improve aquaculture. Genetic modification and biotechnology also hold tremendous potential to improve the quality and quantity of fish reared in aquaculture. There is a growing demand for aquaculture; biotechnology can help to meet this demand. As with all biotech-enhanced foods, aquaculture will be strictly regulated before approved for market. Biotech aquaculture also offers environmental benefits. When appropriately integrated with other technologies for the production of food, agricultural products and services, biotechnology can be of significant assistance in meeting the needs of an expanding and increasingly urbanized population in the next millennium. Successful development and application of biotechnology are possible only when a broad research and knowledge base in the biology, variation, breeding, agronomy, physiology, pathology, biochemistry and genetics of the manipulated organism exist. Benefits offered by the new technologies cannot be fulfilled without a continued commitment to basic research. Biotechnological programs must be fully integrated into a research background and cannot be taken out of context if they are to succeed. Egyptian fisheries and aquaculture is an important sector of food production, providing nutritional security to the food basket, contributing to the agricultural exports and engaging about fourteen million people in different activities. Fish and fish products have presently emerged as the largest group in agricultural exports of Egypt. The potential area of biotechnology in aquaculture include the use of synthetic hormones in induced breeding, transgenic fish, gene banking, uniparental and polyploidy population and health management. The science of biotechnology has endowed us with new tools and tremendous power to create novel genes and genotypes of plants, animals and fish. The application of biotechnology in the fisheries sector is a relatively recent practice. Nevertheless, it is a promising area to enhance fish production. The increased application of biotechnological tools can certainly revolutionise our fish farming besides its role in biodiversity conservation. This paper briefly reports the current progress and thrust areas in the transgenesis, chromosome engineering, use of synthetic hormones in fish breeding, biotechnology in health management and gene banking.
IMPORTANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FISH FARMING SYSTEM : AN OVERVIEW
Progressive Research – An International Journal , 2017
Biotechnology provides powerful tools for the sustainable development of aquaculture, fisheries, as well as the food industry. Biotechnology makes it possible to achieve increased growth rate in farmed species, boost the nutritional value of aqua feeds, improve fish health, help restore and protect environment, extend the range of aquatic species and improve the management and conservation of wild stocks. Apart from enhancing the production of aquatic species and offer environmental benefits, biotechnology also offer help in the use of synthetic hormones in induced breeding, transgenic fish, gene banking, uniparental and fish production and health management. Wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes going back to the history of the domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and the improvements of these two through breeding programmes that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Over the years, our knowledge of fish breeding requirements has improved and the ability to induce breeding artificially developed, through the use of natural or synthetic hormones and/or environmental manipulations. These have been key factors that have facilitated the application of more advanced biotechnologies. Biotechnology, the use of biological systems or living organisms in production process according to has a wide range of useful applications in fisheries and aquaculture. Key words : Bio technology, fish farm ing sys tem, bio-remediation, transgenesis, gene bank ing.
Biotechnology and fish culture
Marine Genetics, 2000
Biotechnology can currently be considered of importance in aquaculture. The increase in the production of aquatic organisms over the last two decades through the use of biotechnology indicates that in a few generations biotechnology may overtake conventional techniques, at least for the commercially more valuable species. In the last few years, genetics has contributed greatly to fish culture through the application of the more recent techniques developed in biotechnology and in genetic engineering. At present, the most commonly used methods in fish biotechnology are chromosome manipulation and hormonal treatments, which can be used to produce triploid, tetraploid, haploid, gynogenetic and androgenetic fish. These result in the production of individuals and lineages of sterile, monosex or highly endogamic fish. The use of such strategies in fish culture has as a practical objective the control of precocious sexual maturation in certain species; other uses are the production of larger specimens by control of the reproductive process and the attainment of monosex lines containing only those individuals of greater commercial value. The use of new technologies, such as those involved in gene transfer in many species, can result in modified individuals of great interest to aquaculturists and play important roles in specific programmes of fish production in the near future.
The potential impact of modern biotechnology on fish aquaculture
Aquaculture, 2002
The introduction of molecular techniques in addition to the more traditional methods of biotechnology has supplied the resources to increase significantly production in world aquaculture. The ability to identify relevant genes endowing the phenotype of interest has certainly been helped by the ever-expanding databases, which have benefited not only from the various genome projects, but also from contemporary approaches such as the DNA chip, improved 2-D gel resolution and high throughput mass spectrometers. This, combined with improvements in transgenic technologies, has opened up vast possibilities to the aquacultural biotechnologist which include improving growth rates and cost-effectiveness, increasing resistance to pathogens and stressors, improving quality of broodstock and also creating the opportunity of making new or different products through altering their genetic make up. The platform technologies relevant to this field of functional genomics will be discussed in the context of applications beneficial to the field of aquaculture, while examples including those from our own research will be described. q P. Melamed . 0044-8486r02r$ -see front matter q 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
N. F. Díaz, and R. Neira. Biotechnology applied to aquaculture. I. Classic biotechnologies applied to the reproduction of cultivated species. Beginning with a differentiation of what is considered classical biotechnologies, we review in this paper their application to the reproduction of cultivated species. Reproductive maturity control, fertility control, genetic sex control, and progenies sex ratio, are areas where the application of biotechnologies can increase productive capacity. Contributions made by different players regarding the application of biotechnologies of a physiological and/or genetic nature mainly in fish and mollusks have been analyzed. The feasibility of applying these techniques has been demonstrated in a wide range of species, mainly fish and mollusks, as well as cultured species in Chile. Many of these biotechnologies can be industrially applied, especially in salmon culture, and it is expected that in the future, these technological strategies be applied also...
A Review- Application of Biotechnology in Fisheries
2020
The number of global human population is increasing from year to year. This fact is a challenge for every country to meet the food needs of its population. One potential food source is fish that contains high protein. Fish is one of the most widely consumed foods in the world. Fish production has grown at an impressive rate over the past decades. In 2018, total world fish production reaches 178.8 million metric tons. For these reasons, development in fisheries needs to be done to meet the needs of the global community. However, fish aquacultureand capture fisheries still have problems such as disease, expensive feed prices, the amount of production that does not meet and various other problems. Therefore we need a technique or innovation to overcome problems in fisheries. Biotechnology can be a promising tool for overcoming problems in fisheries. This review aims to explain the various application of biotechnology in fisheries such as transgenic, bioremediation, fish health, chromos...
Aquaculture Biotechnology: Prospects and Challenges
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans, etc. The worldwide harvest of aquatic biota appears to have touched the maximum limit or in some cases have exhibited offshoot. Aquatic Biotechnology having both basic and spin off applications, can play pivotal roles in promoting productivity, boosting efficiency, and ensuring sustainability in aquaculture. The key facets of the culture cycle (involving growth, nutrition, health and reproduction) can be optimized through biotechnological applications including enhancement of growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, nutrition and product quality, stress modulation, vaccination, disease resistance, modern disease diagnostics and treatment, genetic selection, transgenesis, etc. The genomics and proteomics have the potential to impact production and management of fish genetic resources. The tinkering technique of genetic "cut, copy and paste" can add novel traits of enhanced growth, cold tolerance, disease resistance, etc in the genetically modifies (transgenic) fishes. The successful cryopreservation of gametes (sperms and eggs) and embryos could offer new commercial opportunities in unlimited production of seed and fry along with potentially healthier and better conditioned fish and genetic management of brood stock. It can also assist in the ex situ conservation of the genomes of threatened and endangered species. Nanotechnology has opened up new horizon for the analysis of biomolecules, development of non-viral vectors for gene therapy, as transport vehicle for DNA, protein or cells, targeted drug delivery, clinical diagnosis, disease therapeutics etc. Biotechnological interventions have shown great promise in applying the tools of bioremediation and probiotics in environmental management of effluents, toxicants and pathogens. The present and prospective use of biotechnology would lead to development of smart and high performing fish. There also arises some pitfalls in the horizon; the responsibility of addressing those ecological/environmental and ethic issues lies with the scientists.
Biotechnology and species development in aquaculture
The use of biotechnology in various aspects of human endeavour have obviously created a great impact but not without some risks. Not withstanding, there is still the need for its adoption as more of the already adopted biotechnologies are being improved upon with lesser demerits. Aquaculture is not also left out in the application of biotechnological approaches. The aquaculture industry is currently faced with solving the simultaneous problems of developing economically viable production systems, reducing the impact on the environment and improving public perception. Whereas significant progress has been made in understanding production systems, improvement in cultured stocks has not kept pace with productivity demands. This paper considered aquaculture as the only way to increase fish production and also discusses technical environmental and management considerations regarding the use of genetically modified fish organism (e.g. fish) in aquaculture. This paper discusses advantage of biotechnological research application and commercialization.
The role of aquatic biotechnology in aquaculture
Aquaculture, 2001
Food security will be a major issue facing mankind in the coming millennium. Aquacultural output will need to be increased several fold in order to meet the rising demands for fish in coming years. Biotechnology can provide the means to increase the intensity and capacity of the operation. Some of the platform technologies including DNA vaccines, DNA chips and proteomics and transgenic technology will be described. Transgenics, in particular, may make this farming process more efficient. q