Multiple-solute salts as draw solution for osmotic concentration of succinate feed by forward osmosis (original) (raw)
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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2018
In this study, we investigated the essential role of feed solution pH so as to gain insights into the transport mechanisms of succinic acid concentration by osmotically-driven forward osmosis (FO) process. FO performances including water flux and bidirectional transport of succinate and chloride anions were systematically examined using cellulose triacetate-based FO membrane. Additionally, real seawater was explored as draw solution. Experimental results revealed that the pH-dependent speciation of succinic acid can affect the FO performances. Ionization of succinic acid at higher solution pH enhanced the osmotic pressure of feed solution, thus leading to lower water flux performance. A strong effect was pointed out on the succinate rejection for which nearly 100% rejections were achieved at pH above its pKa2 value. The rejection of succinate increased in the following order of chemical form: C2H4C2O4H2 < C2H4C2O4Hˉ < C2H4C2O42−. With real seawater as the draw solution, low to moderate water fluxes (< 4 L·m−2 ·h−1) were observed. The divalent succinate anion was highly retained in the feed side despite differences in the succinic acid feed concentration at pH of approximately 6.90.
Performance evaluation of sucrose concentration using forward osmosis
Journal of Membrane Science, 2009
Concentrating sugar solutions is a common process used in the production of many food products for either dewatering a high value product or concentrating waste streams prior to disposal. Thermal and pressure-driven dewatering methods are widely used, but they are prohibitively energy intensive and hence, expensive. Osmotically driven membrane processes, like forward osmosis, may be a viable and sustainable alternative to these current technologies. Using NaCl as a surrogate draw solution, this investigation shows that forward osmosis processes can lead to sucrose concentration factors that far exceed current pressure-driven membrane technologies, such as reverse osmosis. For instance, a concentration factor of 5.7 was achieved by forward osmosis with a starting sucrose concentration of 0.29 M, compared to reported concentration factors of up to 2.5 with reverse osmosis. Water fluxes were found to be lower than those commonly obtained in reverse osmosis, which is a consequence of the significantly higher concentration factors in conjunction with internal concentration polarization. The latter is a common problem in forward osmosis processes that utilize current generation anisotropic polymeric membranes. Further advances in forward osmosis membrane technology would yield higher water fluxes and concentration factors.
Comparative Study for Organic and Inorganic Draw Solutions in Forward Osmosis
Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, 2017
The present work aims to study forward osmosis process using different kinds of draw solutions and membranes. Three types of draw solutions (sodium chloride, sodium formate, and sodium acetate) were used in forward osmosis process to evaluate their effectiveness with respect to water flux and reverse salt flux. Experiments conducted in a laboratory-scale forward osmosis (FO) unit in cross flow flat sheet membrane cell. Three types of membranes (Thin film composite (TFC), Cellulose acetate (CA), and Cellulose triacetate (CTA)) were used to determine the water flux under osmotic pressure as a driving force. The effect of temperature, draw solution concentration, feed and draw solution flow rate, and membrane types, were studied with respect to water flux. The results showed an increase in water flux with increasing feed temperature and draw solution concentrations In addition, the flux increased with increasing feed flow rate while the flux was inversely proportional with the draw so...
Journal of Membrane Science, 2019
In this study, osmotically driven forward osmosis (FO) was employed prior to crystallization process in the downstream recovery of bio-based succinic acid. The fermentation broth containing succinic acid was initially pretreated using activated carbon. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) showed its effectiveness for glucose, formic acid, and color removal while succinic acid concentration remained unaffected. The untreated and treated fermentation broths were then concentrated using the FO process. FO exhibited a remarkable enhancement of concentration factor (CF) by 3.9-fold for the treated broth, thus resulting in a final succinic acid concentration of 111.26 g/L. By contrast, higher flux loss and lower CF were observed for untreated broth, mainly due to the adverse effect of severe membrane fouling and cake layer formation. Succinic acid crystals were then successfully recovered from the FO-concentrated broth in the final crystallization step. The purity and yield of succinic acid crystals were 90.52% and 67.09%, respectively for treated broth. This work demonstrated the development of a feasible FO-crystallization process for the downstream recovery of bio-based succinic acid. The findings have important implications for practical applications of FO technology in the bioprocess industries.
A review of draw solutes in forward osmosis process and their use in modern applications
Desalination and Water Treatment - DESALIN WATER TREAT, 2012
Forward osmosis (FO) is one of the emerging membrane technologies which has gained renewed interest recently as a low energy desalination process. The central to FO process is the draw solution (DS) and the membrane because both play a substantial role on its performance. Hence, the selection of an appropriate DS is crucial for the process efficiency. Many DS have been tested so far for a wide range of modern applications and this paper aims to review the various aspects of the DS in the process performance and provides valuable information regarding the selection criteria of suitable DS. Several general DS properties such as the osmotic pressure and the water solubility can affect the process performance. Other intrinsic properties to specific novel DS such as the emerging magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can also have an impact on the process efficiency and have to be evaluated. Separation and recovery of the DS are one of the major challenges facing the development of FO process. The recovery process should not be energy intensive, otherwise the FO process cannot be comparable with other pressure-driven processes. Thermolytic solutions such as ammonia carbonates are considered as the promising DS for desalination applications; however, their recovery process efficiency relies on the availability of low-grade heat. MNPs are emerging and effective DS for desalination and can be readily recovered by a magnetic field or conventional membrane processes. However, the aggregation of MNPs due to their magnetic properties has been issued. The vast numbers of studies on the use of NaCl as DS for the treatment of impaired water open up the possibilities of using seawater or reverse osmosis brine streams as suitable DS for such purpose. Fertilisers were also suggested as DS for seawater and wastewater treatment when the diluted DS can be used directly for irrigation. The development of an adequate and efficient DS coupled with a low-cost energy recovery system is crucial to the performance of the process and to achieve success for the large scale of FO.
RSC Adv., 2015
Clarified sugarcane juice (osmotic coefficient, 4, $1.01) was efficiently dewatered through the spontaneous process of Forward Osmosis (FO) employing sea bittern as draw solution. Sea bittern is the mother liquor that remains after recovery of common salt from seawater. It is either discarded to sea or evaporated to higher densities in solar salt pans for recovery of other marine chemicals such as bromine, Epsom salt, potash and magnesium chloride. Compared to seawater (4 ¼ 0.905) which has limited potential as draw solution, the 4 values of the sea bittern samples were in the range of 1.41 to 3.24, providing thereby a high osmotic drive. A polyamide thin film composite membrane was used in the study. With 1 bar applied pressure, room temperature operation, and 1 : 8 volume ratio of sugar cane juice to bittern (4 ¼ 2.26;
An Overview on the Use of Electrolyte Solution as a Strong Osmotic Agent in Forward Osmosis
International Journal of Advanced Research, 2022
Forward osmosis (FO) has gained attention of people in recent decades due to its magnificent properties andless energy requirements. This paper aims to discuss various characteristics of draw solutes which are differentiated due to their performance and show exceptional results as osmotic agents in FO. Different types of membranes are being selected for different applications according to needs and requirements. Among them, CTA (Cellulose Triacetate Membrane) and TFC (Thin-film composite membrane) membranesare widely used and show higher fluxas compared to others. Responsive draw solute causes remarkable change in osmotic pressure of the diluted solution when exposed to external factors such as pH and temperature. Responsive and Non-responsive draw solutes have advantages and disadvantages on their usage in FO. Comparative study has been done which shows that as compared to the different techniques for purification, FO stands tallest in terms of economic analysis and alsoresults sho...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) has received a lot of attention for its potential for producing fertigated water for agriculture purposes. To minimize the use of chemical-based fertilizers and support sustainable organic agriculture, this work investigated the separation performance of FO membrane for different feed concentrations (FS) of brackish water using microalgae Spirulina platensis as an organic fertilizer draw solution (DS). Different feed solution concentrations were investigated ranging 3–20 g/L NaCl, with various draw solutions of spirulina ranging 280–440 g/L. The performance was measured by water flux and recovery. The results showed that using spirulina as a draw solution is a promising solution for fertigation purposes. The results showed that Na+ in feed solution is concentrated by 41%, Cl- by 36%, and spirulina is diluted by 20% for feed salinity 5000 mg/L. The highest flux obtained with different feed solution 3000/5000/10,000/20,000 mg/L were 9/6/4.5/7 fo...
Jurnal Teknologi, 2017
Osmotically-driven forward osmosis (FO) has gained significant attention in the last decade due to its potential application in various disciplines. Draw solution serves as the driving force in FO process for inducing water transport across the membrane. FO technology can be used to reject or concentrate high valuable products in the chemical and bioprocess industries which often encounter great challenge in terms of dilute product formation. In this study, commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) flat sheet FO membrane was investigated using several types of inorganic draw solute. Pure water fluxes ranged from 5.20 to 6.30 L.m-2 .h-1 were achieved for selected draw solutes. The reverse solute leakage was shown by the increment of conductivity in the feed solution. Among the draw solutes, NaCl demonstrated highest reverse solute leakage (72.45 µS cm-1) attributed to its relatively smaller molecular size. The water fluxes at feed to draw solution volume ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 were found to be slightly lower than that to the volume ratios of 1:0.6 and 1:1. With respect to sodium succinate feed solution, MgCl2 was capable of generating higher osmotic pressure and thus higher water flux was observed compared to NaCl draw solute. Overall, the selected inorganic draw solutes demonstrated encouraging FO performances and could be used for concentrating sodium succinate solution.
Separation of Succinate from Organic Acid Salts Using Nanofiltration Membranes
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS, 2017
The fermentative production of bio-based succinic acid is often accompanied by organic acid byproducts. In this study, the separation of succinate from organic acid salts (acetate and formate) using pressure-driven nanofiltration (NF) was studied. The performances of three nanofiltration membranes were compared and discussed. The influence of feed ratio on the succinate recovery was not significant given that succinate rejections of greater than 81.9 % were obtained in all cases. A comparison between monovalent rejection and divalent rejection suggests that the separation of multi-salt solution was influenced by the Donnan-steric effects. Taking into account the permeation fluxes and organic acid salt retentions, the NFW membrane manufactured by Synder Filtration was considered the most appropriate membrane for the separation of divalent succinate from other organic acid salts. This study strongly supports the use of NF technology for the downstream recovery of high valuable products.