Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (original) (raw)
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Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, 2012
Nigeria, like most developing countries of the world has a high degree of antibiotic resistance emanating from antibiotic selective pressure coupled with antibiotic abuse. This study aims to determine the resistance pattern of bacterial isolates from various parts of the body in a tertiary healthcare institution. The study which was prospective and cross-sectional lasted one year, during the period from June 2008 to May 2009. Swabs and aspirates were obtained from patients who were seen at the various facilities in the 0 hospital. Samples were cultured and incubated at 37 c both aerobically and anaerobically for 24 hours to 48 hours. The various media for culture were Chocolate, Blood and McConkey agars. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done on nutrient agar using the agar diffusion method of Bauer and Kirby. The bacterial isolates include Escherichia coli (10.6%), Klebsiella. pneumoniae (10.6%), Pseudomonas. aerugenosa (10.3%), Proteus vulgaris (3.0%), Proteus. mirabilis (12.6%), Proteus rettgerri (0.6%) Morganella morganii(1.2%) Providencia stuartii (2.3%) Strept. Pyogenes (0.3%), Alkaligenes faecalis (3.0%). All the isolates were susceptible to the quinolones and the Cefuroxime except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Strept.pyogenes. The later showed some sensitivity to amoxicillin, erythromycin and amocillin/ clavulanate while other isolates where strongly resistant to Cloxacillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and chlorampenicol. E.coli, P. mirabilis and Morgenella morgani were susceptible to gentamycin while other isolates were resistant to it.
… of Microbiology and …, 2009
Because antimicrobial resistance patterns are continually evolving and multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms undergo progressive antimicrobial resistance, continuously updated data on antimicrobial susceptibility profiles will continue to be essential to ensure the provision of safe and effective empiric therapies. This current study reports on the assessment of antibiotics susceptibility profiles of some selected clinical isolates from laboratories in Nigeria. Thirteen antibiotics were bought from different pharmacy shops in Calabar metropolis and their susceptibility profiles were evaluated against some clinical isolates obtained from Microbiology Section These included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The species level identification was then carried out by standard biochemical test and by comparing their characteristics with those of known taxa. Susceptibility tests were performed by Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion by using Muller Hinton Agar (CM337-Oxoid). The results were expressed as susceptible/resistant according to criteria developed by NCCLS. S. aureus was susceptible to 09 (75.0%) and resistant to 3 (25.0%) of 12 antibiotics used. Str. pyogenes was susceptible to 8 (66.7%) antibiotics and resistant to 4 (33.3%). Of 11 antibiotics tested against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, E. coli was susceptible to 10 (90.9%) and resistant to 1 (09.1%). P. aeruginosa was susceptible to 9 (81.8%) and resistant to 2 (18.2%). Of 13 antibiotics tested against K. pnenmoniae, it was susceptible to 10(83.3%) and resistant to 2(16.7%). Resistance to chloramphenicol was common to all isolates except K. pneumoniae. Erythromycin-resistance was common to Str. pyogenes. Also, rifampicin-resistance was common to S. aureus. Resistance to gentamicin and tetracycline was only common to Str. pyogenes while penicillin-resistance was common to S. aureus only. Though, some multi-drug resistant organisms were reported in this study, some organisms were highly susceptible to most of the test antibiotics. There are several limitations of this work. Nevertheless, the results can serve to direct any national effort aimed toward reducing the antimicrobial resistance problems of local hospitals. The reasons for the differences in antimicrobial drug-resistant patterns might be related to infection control practices or to timing of the introduction of resistant organisms. However, more research is needed to clarify these differences. We believe that our findings represent the endemic multi-drug resistant situation in our hospitals in Nigeria.
PLOS ONE
Periodic monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns in clinical settings is vital to ascertain the potency as well as re-establishing empirical therapy. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from routine laboratory specimens at Ndola Teaching Hospital. A retrospective study was conducted on routine specimens received between May 2016 and July 2018. Specimens were cultured on standard media and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute's recommendations. A total of 693 specimens were analyzed, of which 65.9% (457) specimens came from inpatient departments and 49.1% (340) came from female patients. The commonest specimens were urine (58.6%), blood (12.7%) and wound swabs (8.5%), and the most common microorganisms were coliform (29.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.4%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS, 13.4%), and Escherichia coli (13%). The highest percentage of resistance to any particular antibiotic was co-trimoxazole (91.7%, 33) followed by nalidixic acid (75.2%, 279), norfloxacin (69.0%, 100), ceftazidime (55.7%, 185), nitrofurantoin (46.6%, 191), chloramphenicol (43%, 111) and ciprofloxacin (8.6%, 271). Furthermore, patient location had resistance effect on coliform (p = 0.014), CoNS (p = 0.031), Streptococcus species (p = 0.024) and Klebsiella species (p = 0.004) to nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol, respectively. Besides coliform, resistance of Enterobacter species to ceftazidime and Proteus species to nalidixic acid were more from female patients. Generally, the most effective antibiotics were chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin with addition of ceftazidime on blood pathogens and ciprofloxacin on wound swab pathogens. The common isolates were coliform, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci and Escherichia coli. The resistance of most bacteria to ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin were influenced by both gender and location. Our study presents a broad overview of the resistance profiles of bacterial isolates. However, more nosocomial prevalence and antibiogram
Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated From Pre-School Children with Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
2015
Under five mortality which implies the death of a child before his or her fifth birthday is a major problem in developing countries like Nigeria. Aside other factors; microbial infection is grossly implicated in under five mortality. More problems however are caused by antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Antimicrobial resistance by bacteria has become a global problem leading to much treatment failure. This study was therefore carried out to ascertain the antimicrobial profile of clinical isolates from pre-nursery school children between the ages of 3 and 5 years with a view to proposing the antibiotic of choice against the common isolates. Known isolates from pre-school children in Nnewi were used for the study. These isolates were subjected to standard microbiological and biochemical protocols to confirm their identities. The disc diffusion method was used to ascertain the susceptibility of the test organisms to commonly used broad spectrum antibiotics. Multidiscs containing t...
Susceptibility pattern of some clinical bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics and disinfectants
Polish journal of microbiology / Polskie Towarzystwo Mikrobiologów = The Polish Society of Microbiologists, 2008
The antibacterial activities of five antibiotics, three brands of Ofloxacins (Obenasin, Floxavid and Drovid) and two brands of Ciprofloxacins (Uroxin and Siprosan), and five commonly used disinfectants (Lysol, Dettol, Purit, Roberts and Wex-cide) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. were investigated. The growth inhibitory effect of both the antibiotics and disinfectants were determined using paper disk diffusion method and well-in-agar technique respectively. The highest mean zone of growth inhibition (19.3 mm) was given by Drovid on Streptococcus spp., while the smallest (7.0 mm) was by Floxavid on P. aeruginosa. Lysol had the highest mean zone of growth inhibition (18.0 mm) on Streptococcus spp. while P. aeruginosa and Bacillus spp. had no zone of growth inhibition with Roberts at 100-fold dilution. All the isolates were also resistant to Wex-cide. The test organisms were found to be significan...
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.11\_Issue.5\_May2021/IJHSR-Abstract.06.html, 2021
Background: The ever-increasing magnitude of antimicrobial resistance encountered in human pathogens has led to limited treatment options for bacterial infections, consequently reducing antimicrobial efficacy while increasing treatment costs, morbidity, and mortality. In clinical setup, laboratory-based in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing is the cornerstone for guiding therapy and enables the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance trends. Aim: To characterize the distribution of bacteria isolated from various specimens and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles in Mary Begg Health facilities. Material & Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study that involved the review of 569 laboratory files from three Mary Begg Health facilities from the period of January 2019 to June 2020. A systematic random sampling method was used and SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The distribution of bacteria based on Gram stain reaction found that most bacteria that were isolated were Gram negative bacilli, 79.5% (171/215). The most common bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli, 46.5% (100/215) followed by Staphylococcus aureus, 12.1% (26/215) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 17 7.9% (17/215). The study found that E. coli was highly resistant to amoxicillin (95.0%), Ampicillin (90.0%) and Cotrimoxazole (77.0%), respectively. In contrast, E. coli was highly sensitive to Amikacin (96.0%), Ertapenem (91.0%) and Ceftriaxone (80.0%) S. aureus species isolated were sensitive to Gentamicin (65.4%) and Clindamycin (46.2%) but highly resistant to Cotrimoxazole (80.8%). Conclusion: The most frequent isolates were Escherichia coli followed by Staphylococcus aureus and majority of them were from urine specimens.
International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, 2019
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common human infections. Furthermore there is rise in the Resistance of causative pathogens against the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Present study was aimed at finding the prevalence of such uropathogens and their antibiogram. Among 1059 suspected urinary samples were processed in the Department of Microbiology, D Y Patil Hospital, Nerul.,Navi-Mumbai. 580 (54.78%) were found to be culture positive. The predominant pathogen was E.coli (37.79%), while Enterococcus (30.30%), Klebsiella spp. (13.55%), Pseudomonas spp. (7.13%), Enterobacter spp. (2.67%), Acinetobacter spp. (2.67%), Citrobacter spp. (1.96%), Proteus spp. (2.14%), Staphylococcus aureus (0.71%), Streptococcus spp. (0.89%), Providentia rettgeri (0.18%) were other uropathogens isolated in this study. Of the isolated pathogens, 98.58% Gram negative organisms were sensitive only to Colistin and 95.28% to Imipenem except Pseudomonas species, Enterobacter species and Acinetobacter species. More than 95.28% Gram negative organisms showed resistance to Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. The resistant pattern for other antibiotics was as follows, Ciprofloxacin (83.96% except for Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Cephalosporins (73.3% except for Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). Amongst Gram positive isolates (Enterococcus faecalis & Staphylococcus aureus), 100% of the isolates showed sensitivity to Linezolid and Vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus also showed 100% sensitivity to Imipenem. 100% of the Staphylococcus aureus showed resistance to Penicillin by 94.71%. Enterococcus faecalis showed resistance to Penicillin 98.82% and to Cotrimoxazole. Enterococcus showed more multidrug resistant pattern amongst Gram positive isolates.
Innovative Publication, 2017
Background: Aim of the study was to know the bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of blood culture isolates from pediatric patients in at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: Between March 2014– July 2015, blood culture samples from 1346 children (0-18 years) were monitored for the growth in the BACTEC/automated instrument. Samples suspicious of growth as indicated by the instrument were sub cultured and incubated at 37 0 C and identified by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 1346 blood culture samples processed, 159 (11.8%) were positive. Among positive isolates Salmonella species were 66.6% and non-Salmonella species were 33.3%. Predominant non-Salmonella species isolated were NFGNB (10.1%), 5% each of CoNS and Enterococcus spp. Among Salmonella spp isolated majority (85%) were S. typhi and (15%) were S. paratyphi A. isolated. The predominant isolates from ICU were NFGNB (30%), CoNS (20%) and Pseudomonas species (13.3%). Both S. typhi and S. paratyphi A revealed 18% and 19% resistance to ciprofloxacin; 8% and 19% resistance to ampicillin respectively. No resistance for chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone were noted in S. paratyphi A. Resistance of 2.2% each to chloramphenicol and cefotaxime, 5.6% to co-trimoxazole was noted, however no resistance was noted to ceftriaxone in S. typhi. Conclusion: A constant monitoring of blood cultures in pediatric age group is critical to understand bacterial profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in different age groups to provide better patient care.
Bacteriology Journal, 2014
Increasing rate of Diabetic Foot Infections (DFIs) caused by multi-drug-resistance pathogens plays a huge role in the duration of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality of diabetic patients. The aim of the study is to assess the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria in DFIs and causative microorganisms. Using cross-sectional retrospective study, data were collected from medical records of DFIs patients previously hospitalized atHaji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan from January to July 2017. 33 patients met the criteria and got enrolled in the study. The classification of DFIs was evaluated according to Wagner's Classification. Evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity and identification of causative microorganisms were performed in standard microbiologic methods. The most common grade of DFIs was Grade-4 (48.5%), followed by Grade-3 (39.4%) and Grade-5 (9.1%). A total of 12 pathogens were identified. The most common infecting microorganism isolated on pus cultures was Klebsiella pneumonia (33.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (24.2%), Acinetobacter baumanni (12.1%), and Staphylococcus aureus (9.1%). Frequent susceptible antibiotics were Amikacin (88.8%), Imipenem (87%), Meropenem (84.6%), Erythromycin (75%), and Cefoperazone/Sulbactam (68.9%). DFIs are polymicrobial infections in this study K. pneumonia was the most common cause microorganism.