RETIREMENT AS A VARIATION PROCESS OF THE PSYCHO-AFFECTIVE SCOPE OF THE ELDERLY. (original) (raw)
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PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ADJUSTMENT TO RETIREMENT
Prizren Social Science Journal, 2019
Keywords: Aging life satisfaction psychological well-being perception personality and respect. A b s t r a c t The quality of aging or life after retirement is determined by levels of psychological well-being and life satisfaction. The levels of psychological well-being and quality of life satisfaction can be influenced by multiple factors including personality, perception of individuals about aging and the quality of respect they get from others. This study was conducted with 170 elderly individuals ranging from 65 to 85 years of age. The results showed significant relationships between dependent variables such as psychological well-being and life satisfaction, and the independent factors including personality, perception of aging and respect from others.
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ABSTRACT Current demographic trends worldwide such as the aging of the baby boomers and growth in average life expectancy highlight the importance of understanding how retirement affects the quality of life in old age. While much data are available on population aging, late-life depression and quality of life of the elderly, there is a lack of relevant information about the life lived by professionals after retirement. This research study aimed at filling the gap and expanding knowledge about the quality of life after retirement. Furthermore, since many countries especially the ASEAN region where we are part of, need to re-assess their policies and the provision of services to meet the demands of an increasing proportion of older people who will eventually retire, the result of this study may help in the formulation of the pre-retirement program for professionals, paving the way for a smooth transition in retirement. This study used descriptive correlational approach. The sociodemographic profile and the retirement conditions were determined. Their level of depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was also assessed. The quality of life (QoL) of retired professionals in Metro Dumaguete using the Older People’s Quality of Life (OPQOL) assessment instrument was determined. Further, the association between these variables was also determined. One hundred forty-six (146) retired professionals in Metro Dumaguete participated in the study. The frequency and percentages of the variables were computed and Chi-square was used to test the statistical significance of the correlation between the variables.When the sociodemographic profile and retirement conditions were correlated, factors such as marital status specifically being married and the number of years after retirement showed significant results. Majority of the retired professionals have retired within 5 years to 15 years and most of them are married. The number of years after retirement and the civil status of the retirees have a significant relationship. This study also revealed, based on the Spearman’s rho analysis, that there is a weak negative association between the levels of depression and the quality of life of the retirees.Respondents who have low levels of depression ranked high on the quality of life index; on the other hand, those who have high levels of depression have a lower quality of life. Many factors influence the significance of this relationship. The respondents are all professionals and many studies have found that education level is an important factor influencing quality of life. Also, the income level is an important factor influencing health, well-being and quality of life. Overall, the retired professionals are not depressed and their quality of life as generally alright. All other variables when correlated showed no significant relationships but were suggestive. The result of this study through the pre-retirement program guides those who would retire, their families and their community, and the ASEAN countries through the government and non government organizations. New information as a result of the study guides and enhances nursing practice and nursing education in the care of middle to old age clients especially in the concept on gerontology nursing. Further studies on the levels of depression and quality of life of retired professionals in a larger population and other survey scales should be done. Key words: retirement, quality of life, late life depression, pre-retirement program
Psychological Effects of Retirement: A Review
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2021
Retirement offers the chance to give up potentially unsafe, unhealthy, and additionally overloaded work, which is required to foster improvements in retirees' wellbeing. Retirement additionally bears the risks that retired people experience the loss of their daily lifestyles including mental and physical activities, social contacts, fear of losing their identity or purposes of life, and social co-operations, which may lead them to embrace unhealthy practices. Retirement may either improve or cause a weakening of retired people's wellbeing, or eventually have no impact on it by any means. The review paper aims to study the impact of positive and negative aspects of retirement at the age of 60 and to help the retirees coping with their stress by counselling them positively.
Psychosocial effects of retirement on the elderly: a systematic review
Research Square (Research Square), 2024
Background Retirement, as an important transition in life which is characterized by changes at the social, economic and psychological level, is associated with many factors that can contribute to development of psychopathology in later life. Understanding how these risk factors impact health and well-being of older adults is expected to highlight opportunities to promote mental health during this transition. Objective To identify and evaluate literature on the effects of retirement on mental health, life satisfaction, loneliness, and changes in social networks. Moreover, we examined protective and risk factors for mental health and well-being after retirement. Methods The literature search was performed in Scopus until October 02, 2023, using the following search strategy in all elds: (elderly OR seniors) AND (retirement OR pension) AND (transition) AND (depression OR anxiety OR "mental health" OR socialization OR loneliness). Results Applying the inclusion criteria, we found 23 studies that investigated both protective and risk factors for postretirement mental health. We found that both involuntary and early retirement were associated with greater risk of reporting major depression and worse perceived health, while positive attitudes toward aging were associated with increased participation in leisure activities after retirement. Other risk factors for developing depressive symptoms were poor working conditions and spousal assistance in activities of daily living. Lastly, the social support network was a protective factor, as it was related to better physical health and less loneliness. Conclusions Evidence indicated that early and involuntary retirement are possible risk factors for mental health, however the results couldn't support that an extension of working life beyond retirement age would be bene cial. Taking into account the above, we suggest that pension reforms should be adapted according to circumstances such as the country, professional sector, needs and preferences of the population. Therefore, designing a pension policy that would provide exibility regarding the timing of retirement is expected to be more bene cial compared to the current, age-based pension policies.
Retirement: strengths and weaknesses for a full and healthy old age
Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal, 2023
Retirement is a coveted goal for working people. Although it is seen as a period of relaxation and tranquillity, retirement from work, also because it is associated with other relevant changes in an individual's life related to family relationships, brings with it a number of potential risks that may trigger problems of a psychosocial nature (identity crisis, change of parental role, adaptation to new marital relationships, possible marital crisis and divorce, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideas) which, in turn, may be facilitators of fragility also on the physical side. The attention of the various governments is generally focused on the health problems of those who are retired with a view to containing public expenditure, without considering the fact that the main problems for this particular segment of the population may come from problems of reintegration into social life and occupation of leisure time. When there is no adequate adaptation to the changed conditions of life in the transition from worker to pensioner one fatally exposes oneself to the risk of progressive isolation. the reduction of social contracts, the contraction of the use of one's cognitive functions with possible consequences in the medium to long term on one's ability to remain self-sufficient. This would ultimately turn into a socio-medical problem, with the associated costs, when an appropriate policy of psycho-social interventions could delay the effects.
Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the distribution of measures of subjective and psychological well-being according to demographic criteria and length of participation in the program. Method: A cross sectional study using the following instruments was carried out: a sociodemographic questionnaire (age, gender, education, length of participation in University of the Third Age (U3A) and similar programs located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil; an Overall Life Satisfaction Scale; a Life Satisfaction Scale that contemplated four domains: health, physical capacity, mental capacity and social involvement; a Positive/ Negative Affect Scale; and a Personal Development Scale. The data were analyzed by the chi-squared test (for comparison of categorical variables), the Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis U tests (for comparison of continuous variables). Results: Age and gender were the main factors that were significantly associated with overall life satisfaction, life satisfaction in specific domains, and morale. Higher education was associated with psychological adjustment. Conclusion: Participating in a U3A contributes to high levels of subjective and psychological well-being. Elderly individuals of more advanced ages and men had higher rates of satisfaction with life and positive feelings. The elderly can assess their development trajectory, their commitment to society and consider their efforts in pursuing an ideal of personal excellence.
A STUDY ON LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG THE ELDERLY
Everyone desires to be happy in the world. This happiness is varying in degrees and points. Experience is the commissioner of happiness. These experiences have the ability to motivate and de-motivate people to pursue and reach their goals. A person's mood and outlook on life can also influence their perception of their own life satisfaction. The present investigation is conducted to look into the life satisfaction of elderly (above 60 years of age) in respect of gender, previous and present occupation, size of the family, place of living of the children and income of the family. The study indicates that place of living and family income has nothing to do with the life satisfaction of the elderly. But the gender, family size and present and previous occupation of the elderly significantly differ. It is also evident that the elderly people have high level of life satisfaction and as they live and impart values.
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PSIKODIMENSIA
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