The Wild Side of Man. Strategies of Gender and Social Distinction within an Ageing Perspective (with N. Diasio) (original) (raw)
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Gender and Development, 2010
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Local Environment, 2014
By way of introduction, we turn to an excerpt from Ryan Galt's field notes from a field trip taken by his undergraduate food systems class in November 2012: In a neighborhood park in Oakland, in the East San Francisco Bay Area of California, we stand waiting for Max, a member of Phat Beets Produce, a collective of people dedicated to promoting food and social justice through food provisioning, activism, organizing, and popular education. Max shows up, has us identify ourselves and tell everyone our favorite band and a favorite vegetable that starts with the same letter. He then explains to us the historical origins of the Black Panther Party in the neighborhood, their role in creating what is now the nationwide school lunch program, and how some of the current efforts of the collective are aimed in part at creating a cultivated landscape that is literally carved out of the city park's former lawns of Bermuda grass. This example of "guerrilla gardening" includes diverse vegetable beds, an area for compost, and planting fruit-producing (not just ornamental) trees that community members harvest. The produce here looks great, is well-cared for, and absolutely free to anyone who wants to harvest it. And want it they do: vegetables and fruits are being utilized by people coming from around the park. Max tells us stories about what this newly cultivated space has done for people in the neighborhood. He then takes us to a building being renovated into a community kitchen at the Crossroads, a centrally located former commuter light rail junction next to main street. He tells us that its parking lot already hosts a regular farmers market and swap meet, and that the renovated building will serve as a community gathering place, a restaurant, and as infrastructure where local food artisans can create, sell, barter, and/or share their wares. Already a local seafood CSA has asked to use the space in the before-dawn shift, when little other use of the space will be occurring. This example illustrates a shift happening in many urban food systems, where millions of people are rethinking and changing how we use contemporary urban spaces in relation to food. In contrast to patterns of urban development over the past few decades, where generations of city planners have been blind to or even discouraged primary productive activities within urban boundaries, gardeners, farmers, and foragers are once again investing their work and resources into their communities, and in the process, (re)making urban spaces (see Hynes 1996 and Lawson 2005 for a broader discussion of past movements). And these actors are getting a great deal out of it-food, relationships, wellbeing, economic savings, jobs and wages, a sense of self-efficacy, (re)new(ed) green spaces, environmental connections, and many other things. These practices and spaces are transforming selves and relationships, social and socio-ecological, at multiple levels. This special issue of Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability is dedicated to identifying and understanding spaces like these and their surroundings that are appearing in urban and suburban neighborhoods around the country, and the world. The authors in this special issue productively wrestle with making sense of what we call subversive and interstitial food spaces (which we'll refer to, rather awkwardly, as SIFS). SIFS are a subset of alternative food networks (AFNs), a term that encompasses a wide array of new linkages between agricultural production and food consumption that differ from "conventional" processes and routes. Interstitial spaces are those spaces between more commonly acknowledged and observed uses and categories-as metaphors,
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
A food tradition not only corresponds to the vital need to be nourished every day, but is part of the particularity of a territory as a consequence of its history, traditions, natural heritage, and capacity for ecological and social resilience. In the search for culinary identity, a valorization of a rural territory of high identity potential is carried out, such as in the environmental protection area “Sierra Grande de Hornachos” (Extremadura, Spain), and specifically the town of Hornachos. For this purpose, a series of workshops and interviews were held for men and women who had lived most of their lives in Hornachos and who were older than 70. Information on the food uses of wild and cultivated plants, as determined by the Cultural Significance Index (CSI) for 79 species, was extracted from the interpretation of the data collected. In addition, new uses were collected in Extremadura for 16 plants and in Spain for 3, with some of these data being of particular significance in the ...
Digestive Identity; Is the vegan or vegetarian biome shaping our social paradigm?
2019
Our digestive identity; we are what we digest, not what we eat! Our digestion plays a distinctive role in our identity, our gut biome affects our total health and one could ask whether special diets like vegan or vegetarian influence more than an individual’s health, do they influence the way we deal with challenges, our initiative, ambition, agency and maybe point to an emerging social paradigm shift? The millennial generation seems to be different from the baby boomers in this respect and the link between autism and biome dysfunction is a case in point. Identity is quite a fashionable term these days, used in politics and the media a lot. Usually it refers to personal identity, that what one is in totality, with the personality as the relational expression of it. But we also see it used in social identity, in identification and digital identity, while the mathematical identity A=B means an equality relation. Here I introduce yet another identity type, the digestive identity pointing at a deeper level of who we are, in relation to what we eat and digest and including our biome, the life-forms that we host in our guts and skin. Those are in reality an inseparable part of who we are. Therapy and healing turns more and more to probiotics and biome transplants to cure all kinds of diseases. Our food digestion and probiotics intake defines us, also in a social sense and this means that a different diet may lead to a different social attitude, and notably vegetarian and vegan diets are of interest here. Is the lack of ambition in millennials (often vegan) due to their diet, is the difference between Hindu and Muslim populations because of their diet?
You Are Where You Eat: A Theoretical Perspective on Why Identity Matters in Local Food Groups
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2022
Grassroots initiatives, such as local food groups have been identified as a crucial element for a transformation toward more sustainable societies. However, relevant questions to better understand the dynamics of local food initiatives remain unanswered, in particular regarding the people involved. Who are the members in local food initiatives, what motivates individuals to get active in such groups and what keeps people engaged over the long term. This theoretical study presents a conceptual framework drawing on social psychology to describe the connection between identity processes at individual and collective levels in grassroots initiatives, such as local food groups. The framework presented is a guide for researchers in analyzing individuals' identities and their role in and across local food groups and other grassroots initiatives by recognizing identity processes of identification, verification and formation. By providing a more nuanced understanding of how individuals an...
Reimagining Marginalized Foods
Reimagining Marginalized Foods, 2012
Research into food and culinary practices and the systems in which they are embedded has a long history in anthropology, refl ecting the reality that via common food practices and beliefs. These may function at smallscale or larger levels, as do, for example, the popular North American notion that eating meals together helps maintain a sense of family and community (Humphrey and Humphrey 1988), beliefs about food taboos and social groups (Nichter and Nichter 1996), and the ways that food preferences play out and are developed in response to new products and accessibility (Möhring 2008; Shah 1983) or food shortages (Bentley 2001). Food may be a site for contesting social and economic systems and norms (Belasco 2000), or it may be a way to reaffi rm, express, and celebrate identity (Kaplan 1988; Neustadt 1988). What are some of the ways that identity, from the perspective of the individual, community, or nation, might connect with attempts to reimagine marginal foods or food practices? How does identity intersect with notions of belonging and locality? One approach to answering these questions involves considering who is attempting to make or reinforce strategic foodidentity-locality links. Is the attempt to reimagine and integrate marginal foods coming from traditional producers or consumers? Are governments, power holders, or external organizations involved, or perhaps driving, the movement? What does the nature of the actor say about the resources that are available? As the chapters in this volume point out, the intersection of identity and marginal foods may be used strategically in different ways, depending on the actors involved. Outcomes are therefore linked to context, strategies, and access to resources. This volume also demonstrates some of the diverse meanings of local: what the local can become, and how notions of local, authentic foods and cuisines can be harnessed in vastly different ways by people and organizations that have signifi cantly different access to the resources crucial to marketing foods. Such local, traditional foods may evoke confl icting responses-potentially being both praised for having authentic roots, while also disparaged for being unsophisticated or otherwise problematic, complexities that Richard Wilk and Lisa Markowitz explore in their chapters. Claims of locality can be applied in attempts to fi x a specifi c national identity in an international forum, or to both local and global audiences, as Lois Stanford and Lisa Markowitz discuss; or politicians and political activists may use foods to assert locality or ethnic identity, as markers of inclusion and exclusion, as Wini P. Utari demonstrates. As Karin Vaneker shows in her chapter, locality can play a role when foods from "afar" are integrated into national foodways; and, as I argue, food crops can be actively marketed as representing local heritage, even while being decoupled from the everyday practices of traditional producers and consumers. Introduction • 7 Towards a Consideration of "Marginal" Foods Anthropology and related disciplines have a long history of examining food and marginality in terms of access to food and of systemic changes that may create and maintain marginalized producers (for recent examples, see Barndt 2008; Clapp 2005; Flynn 2008; Pilcher 2006). Food, food security, and more recently, food sovereignty 4 are lenses through which we can examine individual and group experiences of being on the margins. The chapters in this volume demonstrate that an in-depth analysis of foods that Introduction • 9 Notes
“Let There Be Food”: Evolving Paradigms in Food Studies
Food Studies is not the literal study of Food. Food studies looks at peoples connect with food. It straddles several tropes all together. It addresses issues of Culture and Identity. Food plays a consistent role in how issues of race, class, gender, ethnicity, and national identity are imagined or perceived. It helps define and characterize as well as show how notions of belonging are affirmed or resisted. Food, then is a central part of the cultural imagination. It interpolates the dynamics of metaphor, symbolism and is a constant point of reference in literature. Almost every study in culture cannot but draw its inferences from how food is seen in literature. Literally and figuratively food provides “food for thought”. This paper discusses the cultural significance of Food as metaphor and the notion of Food as metonym in the elaboration of culture and identity. Key Words: Food studies, food habits, food and identity, food and culture, Identity