Article ID: IJCIET_10_05_073, Design and Performance Analysis of a Model Pico Size Pelton Wheel Turbine (original) (raw)

Design and Performance Analysis of a Model Pico Size Pelton Wheel Turbine

2019

A hydropower generation is an ancient but evergreen energy source that utilises mechanical energy of water strolling down from an elevated head to drive an electric generator thus producing electricity. Small Hydropower (SMH) turbines are rotated by a relatively low-pressure head and usually generates low energy output usually referred to as mini, micro or Pico energy range. Pelton Turbines are generally found to be amongst the most suitable for a low flow power generation. This study focuses on the design of a model Pico size Pelton Wheel modified to use the velocity of water harvested from rooftops during rainfall for the purpose of supplementing energy supply. By the design, the rainwater from the building rooflines are collected and passed through the downspouts into an elevated tank and then the height of the bottom of the tank gives the required head (pressure) to spin the microturbine and then generates a Pico level energy. The Pico size hydropower system directly connected to a small, variable speed, an electric generator which is capable of supplying the power needed for some minimal but very essential functions like charging handsets, mini gadgets and low energy lighting purposes. Specific design calculations, as well as analysis of the model Pico size energy system, was performed to ascertain the feasibility of the design meeting some specified energy needs, thus reducing energy poverty.

Analysis performance of mini pelton turbine

THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAMT) 2021

Water flow can be used as an energy source because it contains potential energy, mechanical energy and enthalpy energy. This energy can be converted into electrical energy with micro hydro technology. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in water discharge on input power, to determine the effect of variations in water discharge on output power, to determine the effect of variations in water discharge on system efficiency. The research begins by conducting a study of related literature on water turbines and electricity generators. The next step is to create a research design. Research design contains all things related to research. After the research design is complete, the research implementation begins. The first step is to prepare the tools and materials. The second step is assembling the tools. The third step is testing the performance of the tool. The fourth step is data collection in accordance with the research objectives. The fifth step is analysis of the research data and making conclusions. From this research it can be seen that the greater of discharge, causes the greater of the turbine input power. The greater of discharge, causes the greater of the generator output power. The greater the of discharge, causes the lower efficiency of the generator system.

DESIGN OF HIGH EFFICIENCY PELTON TURBINE FOR MICRO- HYDROPOWER PLANT

The Pelton turbine was performed in high head and low water flow, in establishment of micro-hydro electric power plant, due to its simple construction and ease of manufacturing. To obtain a Pelton hydraulic turbine with maximum efficiency during various operating conditions, the turbine parameters must be included in the design procedure. In this paper all design parameters were calculated at maximum efficiency. These parameters included turbine power, turbine torque, runner diameter, runner length, runner speed, bucket dimensions, number of buckets, nozzle dimension and turbine specific speed.

Mini-Hydro Turbine: Solution to Power Challenges in an Emerging Society with Abundance of Water

Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017

The mini hydro turbine research is aimed at designing and constructing a hydro-electric power plant model that can generate electric power, which can be used at the domestic level to power electrical appliances. There are three main sections for the hydro turbine, such as the pelton wheel which rotate due to falling water from the water storage tank through the penstock, the alternator, been made of a permanent magnet rotor and conducting coil windings on the stator connected to the turbine through a runner, and the feedback system for the continuous flow of water. The result shows that the construction of mini hydro turbine plant is feasible and there were no major problems apparent at the design and implementation stages of the mini hydro turbine power plant.

IJERT-Application of the Pelton Wheel for local low level Electricity Generation

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014

https://www.ijert.org/application-of-the-pelton-wheel-for-local-low-level-electricity-generation https://www.ijert.org/research/application-of-the-pelton-wheel-for-local-low-level-electricity-generation-IJERTV3IS060253.pdf The Pelton wheel is a device which converts kinetic energy of moving water to rotary energy which can be used to generate electricity through electromagnetic induction. It's unique as it does not require heavy moving water before it works. It earnestly makes use of impulse of water jet based on the shape of the cups which does not allow any obstruction in water movement during operation. The availability of energy is of great concern in any manufacturing industry and other small scale entrepreneur in Nigeria. Generation of electricity for local area remains a challenge in power industry. Hence, This paper presents the design, construction and testing of an locally made Pelton Wheel for converting Kinetic Energy of falling water to Electrical Energy. The experimentation was carried out at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH). The designed component was divided into four; the upper unit, the casing, the base unit and miscellaneous parts. An height of 8.23m with a water tank of 1000litres (1m 3) and 12 Volts alternator were used for the experimentation. The output of the turbine was used to lit a 5W bulb and there could have been a better output, if a waterfall was used as a source of water to power the turbine. The constructed turbine could be use as instructional material in training mechanical engineering students.

Performance of Pelton Turbine for Hydroelectric Generation in Varying Design Parameters

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Water power is a renewable energy source which has great potential in replacing fossil energy for generating electricity. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of vertical distance of water source (water head) and nozzle diameter on the electrical power generated by Pelton turbine. It used Pelton turbine type with 22 buckets (vanes) which employed a PMG 200 watts generator with 1 : 2 pulley transmission system. Four different values of nozzle diameter and three different values of water head were chosen as the design parameters of the turbine. The electrical power was measured in three replications for each combination of the design parameters. The research showed that water head and nozzle diameter significantly affect the power generated by the Pelton turbine. The higher the water head from the surface, the more power generated. It was found that the electric power linearly increases with the increasing of nozzle diameter. However, it reaches the peak in 9 mm nozzle diameter and is getting lower in a larger diameter. The highest electric power of 16.89 watt is observed by adjusting the water head on 4.6 m with 9 mm nozzle diameter. Those design parameters are able can produce a rotation speed at 320 rpm in the generator. By identifying the appropriate parameters, it is possible to have more power generated by the water turbine used for hydroelectric power generation plant.

Micro-Hydro Generator using Eco-wheel system for Domestic and Industrial Building Applications

—The paper presents the preliminary part of ongoing research to design and develop a 3D sustainable renewable power station model that is feasible, competent and of high efficiency at an affordable cost. The paper is focused on the optimization of a 1D micro hydropower system. The constant supply of green power is made possible through a combination of power plants using renewable energies resources. Studies reveal that water wheels are not as efficient as turbines but could offer efficiency in excess of 80% for overshoot & undershoot water wheels, with 75% for breastshot water wheels. The technical issues that limit the water wheel efficiency have been studied and a new design is presented in this paper. The simulation to the new design is hereby presented with some experimental measurements of the efficiency and power that can be delivered with this new design.

DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION OF MINI HYDRO POWER PLANT MODEL BASED ON PELTON TURBINE

In this paper is presented constructive development of a mini hydro power plant model, based on Pelton turbine. The 3D model of the Pelton turbine was constructed and drawn in working environment SOLIDWORKS. The construcion is implemented to the end, where the model of mini hydro power plant was obtained. The parts of a model where made of various materials. Supporting parts were made of steel, and on them is attached plexiglass, so the model look like an aquarium. The main part of the turbine, runner, is compiled using two disks made of aluminium alloy, and buckets which were printed on 3D printer, using PLA plastic. For the simulation of water head, water pump is used.

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines for Power Generation

European Mechanical Science, 2019

The performance of two micro hydro power turbines (Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines) were evaluated at the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) dam. The Dam has a net head of 4 m, flow rate of 0.017m3 and theoretical hydropower energy of 668W. The two turbines were tested and the optimized value of operating conditions namely; angle of inclination (15o above tangent, tangential and 15o below tangent), height to impact point (200mm, 250mm and 300mm) and length to impact point (50mm, 100mm and 150mm) were pre-set at their various levels for both Turbines. The optimum values of the process output or measured parameters were determined statistically using a 33X2 factorial experiment in three replicates. An optimum Turbine speed (538.38rpm) in off load condition was achieved at 250mm height to impact point, 150mm length to impact point and angle at tangential inclination. Similar combination also yielded an optimum turbine torque of 46.16kNm for Pelton Wheel Turbine. For the Crossflow Tur...

Pico-hydro power generation using dual pelton turbines and single generator

2014 IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO2014), 2014

Pico-hydro generation system is the effective way to help the remote communities by generates electricity using water as a main source. The main objective of this project is to introduce the green technology for the society in order to reduce the cost of fuel consumption. Green technology is an alternative energy whereas it is cheap, effective and reliable. It can reduce sources of fuel, capital costs and pollution. Furthermore, the idea of this project is to generate electricity by develop a prototype of picohydro generation system that produce low capacity to be used in rural communities. Generally, this project focused on designing and producing a pico-hydro system that can be used for small capacity equipments such as motor and bulb. Besides, this project able to analyze the output of generator based on the rotation of turbine. Water flow in the highpressure PVC pipe has potential to drive the turbine where it is connected with a generator to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. In this project, it can be found that the pulley system can increase the efficiency of the turbine. The turbine that connected to the pulley system required lower speed compared to the turbine that connected directly to the generator.