Agriculture and Climate Change: Cause and its Impact (original) (raw)
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A Review on Relationship between Climate Change and Agriculture
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Global climate change has emerged as one of the major threat to agriculture in recent times. Climate is changing at a very faster rate resulting in increase in temperature, melting of ice, rise in sea level, extreme weather conditions etc. which directly or indirectly affects agriculture. Crop productivity, irrigation demand, water availability, soil fertility, incidence of pest disease and weed etc. are affected significantly as the climate changes. Climate change threatens to enhance the potential for soil erosion, reduce soil fertility and lower agricultural productivity thus enhancing the severity of challenges that we are facing in 21 st century. Agriculture and climate change are interrelated. A significant amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are emitted by agriculture and allied sectors, thus accelerating the process of climate change. Principle agricultural process emitting GHGs are deforestation, livestock and fertilizer application. Agricultural productivity under changing climate can be sustained by following adaptation and mitigation strategies through adoption of several agronomic practices such as organic farming, agroforestry, manure application etc.
This paper reviews various articles and documents on relationship between climate change and agriculture. The two-way relationship of climate change and agriculture is of great significance in particular to developing countries due to their large dependence on agricultural practice for livelihoods and their lack of infrastructure for adaptation when compared to developed countries. Agricultural activities are affected by climate change affects due to their direct dependence on climatic factors. In high latitude areas with low temperature, increased temperature due to climate change could allow for longer growing season. Agriculture affects climate through emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. These emissions come directly from use of fossil fuels, tillage practices, fertilized agricultural soils and livestock manure in large proportion. Conversely, agriculture could be a solution for climate change by the widespread adoption of mitigation and adaptation actions. This happens with the help of best management practices such as organic farming, agro forestry practice and manure management etc.
Global Warming - Causes, Impacts and Mitigation Strategies in Agriculture
Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology
Global warming - a new global challenge in front of agricultural scientists, affecting almost all the climatic parameters involving air temperature and rainfall intensity and distributions. Elevated levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) viz. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc. are only because of faulty agricultural practices viz. intensive tilling, burning of crop residues, which further adversely affecting both land and water productivity. As per one projection that global surface air temperatures may increase by 4.0–5.8°C in upcoming few decades which offset the likely benefits of increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide on crop plants. Over space and time, new environmental conditions created which might be responsible for frequent droughts, higher temperatures, flooding, salinity, increased carbon dioxide levels, rise in sea-level, irregular rainfall patterns and shifting of pest dynamics etc. Therefore, global warming cycle needs to break down through forest...
Climate Change and its Impact on Agriculture
Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term "weather" refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region (Merritts et al. 1998). In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately (IPCC, 2007). Drivers of climate change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impacts on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with.