Morphological and Biomechanical Implications of Cuboid Facet of the Navicular Bone in the Gait (original) (raw)
Related papers
Variations in the Presence and Prominence of the Features in the Long Bones of Limbs
International Journal of Current Research and Review, 2014
The present study was undertaken, to report the subjectively observed variations in the presence and / or prominence of features in the long bones of limbs. Material and Method: The observed features multiplied with the total number of bones were: humerus 576(16x36); radius 240(8x30); ulna 270(9x30); femur 1008(16x63); tibia 380(10x38), fibula 152(4x38). The features were graded for their presence or prominence and analyzed for their combined/ individual total; total between and within the right and left sides. Results: The combined total of the presence and prominence of the features were greater for the right femur (576/1008, 57.1%). The individual total showed that the presence of features was greater in tibia (259/380, 68.2%) and prominence of features in ulna (164/270, 60.8%). Between sides, the prominence of the features was greater for right femur (355/603, 59%). Within the sides, the prominence of the features was high for ulna (82/126, 65%). X 2 value indicated that the prominence of the features for femur could be of value in side determination. The observations on the prominence of individual features in long bones of the limbs showed a high percentage value for the nutrient foramen in femur (56/63, 88.9%). Conclusion: From the present study, it is seen, that features could have become prominent due to genetic and/or environmental factors such as nutrition and biomechanics during the process of the formation of the features.
Accessory navicular: A heritable accessory bone of the human foot
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2010
The accessory navicular is a supernumerary bone of the human foot located medial to the navicular tuberosity and represents a secondary center of ossification that has failed to fuse to the main body of the navicular. Three forms of the accessory bone have been identified: Type I is an independent ossicle that is often embedded within the tibialis posterior tendon; Type II is a triangular accessory bone that attaches to the navicular tuberosity by means of a cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous bridge; and Type III represents a fused Type II, which forms a hook-like protuberance extending from the tuberosity. The Type II accessory navicular is the most common of the three forms and is the most readily identifiable in skeletal material since it causes the navicular tuberosity to become abnormally flattened and porous. The purpose of this study was to describe the various manifestations of the accessory navicular in dry bone, to present and compare frequency data for several skeletal populations, and to consider questions of laterality and sex bias in trait expression. In total, the skeletons of 497 Danes, 460 Euro-Americans, 300 African Americans, 100 Japanese, and 205 Europeans were examined for the presence of the Type II accessory navicular. Overall frequencies for the five groups ranged from 2% in the African American sample to 5% in the Japanese sample. Since several family pedigrees have documented the accessory navicular as being an inherited skeletal defect, the relatively low frequency found in the present study makes this trait a potentially useful indicator of genetic relatedness within archaeological cemeteries. In addition, the trait was found to occur more often unilaterally than bilaterally and there was nearly equal incidence among males and females. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eco-geographic adaptations in the human ribcage throughout a 3D geometric morphometric approach
Objectives: According to eco-geographic rules, humans from high latitude areas present larger and wider trunks than their low-latitude areas counterparts. This issue has been traditionally addressed on the pelvis but information on the thorax is largely lacking. We test whether ribcages are larger in individuals inhabiting high latitudes than in those from low latitudes and explored the correlation of rib size with latitude. We also test whether a common morphological pattern is exhibited in the thorax of different cold-adapted populations, contributing to their hypothetical widening of the trunk.
The objective of this paper is: (a) to present a rating scale for the evaluation of the musculoskeletal stress markers; (b) to analyze the medieval population from Cedynia in terms of the degree of expression and frequency of the musculoskeletal stress markers. The presented rating scale was developed based on the variability of the morphology of muscle attachment sites, observed in the skeletal material from Cedynia (102 males and 99 females). The scale encompasses 10 musculoskeletal stress markers located on the scapula, humerus, radius, femur and tibia. The system reflects three degrees (1, 2, 3) of complexity of the muscle attachment sites morphology. The analysis of asymmetry and sexual dimorphism of the musculoskeletal stress markers was made based on the c² (Pearson) statistics or c² statistics for 2´2 tables. Moderate degree (2) of muscle attachment site complexity is the most frequent degree of musculoskeletal stress markers development in the population from Cedynia. Low (1) and high (3) complexity of muscle attachment site are the most seldom observed categories. No statistically significant differences between the frequencies of the musculoskeletal stress markers on the bones of the right and left side of the skeleton were noted in females. Also in males the differences found were not statistically significant. Only in the case of deltoid tuberosity (H2) p=0.052 oscillating around the threshold value may suggest existence of a statistically significant difference in the degree of expression of this stress marker on the bone of the right and left side of the skeleton. On the bones of the right side of the skeleton dimorphic differences were observed in the glenoid tuberosity (S2), bicipital groove (H1), pronator teres origin (R2), tibial tuberosity (T1), soleal crest (T2) and linea aspera (F2). On the bones of the left side of the skeleton dimorphic differences were noted for the bicipital groove (H1), pronator teres origin (R2) and glenoid tuberosity (S2).
Vertebral pathologies in two early modern period (16th-19th century) populations from Croatia
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2011
In order to test to what degree Schmorl's nodes (SN), osteophytosis of the vertebral bodies (VO), and osteoarthritis of the articular facets (OA) are useful indicators of activity-related stress, an analysis of their frequencies and severity of expression was conducted in two early Modern period skeletal samples from Croatia-Koprivno and Sisak. Historic and contemporary ethnographic sources suggest that living conditions were more demanding in Koprivno, and that a sexual division of labor existed in both populations. A total of 2,552 vertebral bodies (990 from Koprivno and 1,562 from Sisak) and 5,186 articular facets (2,135 from Koprivno and 3,051 from Sisak) were analyzed. Koprivno exhibits significantly higher total frequencies of SN, VO, and OA than Sisak, and the total frequencies of SN and OA in both series are significantly higher in males. When, however, the series were analyzed by age and sex categories, the same trend was noted only in SN. The frequencies and severity of VO and OA could not be interpreted in keeping with the historic and contemporary ethnographic sources and were additionally, unlike SN, found to be strongly correlated with increased age. This study, therefore, suggests that while SN are useful indicators of different lifestyles and/or different activity patterns between various archaeological populations, VO and OA are-possibly because of their more varied etiologiesless useful markers of activity-related stress. Am J Phys Anthropol 145:270-281, 2011. in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).
Morphometric analysis of variation in human proximal long bones within and between populations
2018
Morphological variation and reactivity in human bone underpins many research questions in palaeopathology, osteoarchaeology, and anthropology. Studies on the post-crania primarily pertain to the cross-sectional geometry and epiphyseal or joint morphology and diaphyseal curvature. Very few studies address diaphyseal surface morphology. This study aims to quantify morphology of the epiphyses, diaphyseal surface morphology, and cross-sectional morphology of human proximal long bones in relation to interpopulation and intrapopulation variables including sex, age, childhood stress indicators, and pathology. To provide some diversity in geography and temporality this research uses skeletons selected from the English medieval cemeteries of St. Guthlac's Priory, Hereford and Fishergate House, York, the Sudanese medieval cemetery 3-J-18 from Mis Island, and the English postmedieval cemetery Coach Lane, North Shields. Cross-sectional geometry was collected via digital sectioning of 3D scans and morphological information was collected using Geometric Morphometrics. The resulting morphological and geometric sets were compared against inter and intrapopulation variables and qualitatively compared to each other to determine which limb and what part of its proximal bone is most reactive to given variables. Morphological variation with intra and interpopulation variables was found, and its expression varied with size, age, population, bone, and morphological or geometric set. Age and morphology vary together in both epiphyseal and diaphyseal morphology, but do not appear as related in values for cross-sectional geometry. Likewise stress indicators do vary with the morphology of the diaphysis or epiphyses but the strength of their relationship often relies on the population sampled. This suggests a wealth of impact on morphology from environment, ontogenetic trajectory and development, population affinity, health, sex, life history, and age. This research highlights variation in reactivity in different anatomical areas. Crucially, this research demonstrates the morphological plasticity of the diaphyseal surface which for some variables was very reactive and is presently largely unexamined.
Relationship of flatfoot and high arch with main anthropometric variables
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, 2004
Amaç: Tüm yaşlarda yürüme bozukluklarına ve postürel sapmalara neden olan düz (pes planus) ve yüksek tabanlık (pes cavus) önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu çalışmada, yetişkinlerde düz ve yüksek tabanlığın temel antropometrik göstergelerle nasıl bir ilişki gösterdiği araştırıldı. Çalışma planı: Araştırma, Ankara'da yaşayan ve yaşları 18-83 arasında değişen 516 katılımcı (253 erkek, 263 kadın) üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Ortalama yaş erkeklerde 40.5±13.4, kadınlarda 43.3±14.9 idi. Bireyler yaşlarına göre 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 ve ≥60 olmak üzere beş gruba ayrıldı. Bireylerin düz veya yüksek tabanlı olup olmadıkları ayak izlerinden yararlanılarak belirlendi. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerden toplam beş antropometrik ölçü alındı. Bunlar vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, ayak uzunluğu, ayak tarak genişliği ve ayak topuk genişliği idi. Ayrıca, bireylerin ayakkabı numaraları öğrenildi ve her bir birey için beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) hesaplandı. Sonuçlar: İncelenen bireylerin 21'inde (%4.1) düztabanlık, altısında (%1.2) ise yüksek tabanlık görüldü. Cinsiyet ve yaş grupları arasında iki deformitenin varlığı açısından anlamlı fark görülmedi (p>0.05). Ölçülen antropometrik verilerden boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, BKİ, ayak uzunluğu, ayak tarak genişliği ve giyilen ayakkabı numarası ile düz ve yüksek tabanlık arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı (p>0.05). Ayak topuk genişliği ise sadece düztabanlık ile anlamlı ilişki gösterdi (p=0.027). Çıkarımlar: Bu bulgular ışığında, yüksek tabanlığın vücut yapısıyla ve ayak boyutlarıyla ilişkili olmadığı, düztabanlığın ise yalnızca topuk genişliğiyle ilişkili olduğu söylenebilir.
Morphometric analyses of human dry tali of South Indian origin
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2014
Background: Talus is the key bone of the human body as it carries the whole weight of the body. Since the talus endures a lot of differential forces during locomotion, the stress patterns across the talus influence its overall dimensions. Research in skeletal biology and methodological approaches to the identification of human skeletal remains have advanced significantly in recent years. This study was undertaken because of the scarcity of the morphometric data in adult human dry tali of South Indian origin. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the angles of declination and inclination in adult human dry tali; to estimate the differences in the angles between right and left tali; and to report and estimate the differences in other morphological parameters such as maximum anterioposterior length of the talus, maximum transverse width of the talus, trochlear length, length of the sulcus tali, and width of the sulcus tali of right and left sides. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 50 (25 right and 25 left) adult dry tali of unknown ages and sexes over a period of 6 months in the Department of Anatomy, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences. The angles of declination and inclination were measured with goniometer. Other parameters were measured with digital Vernier calipers. Results: The mean angles of declination were 26°and 27°and those of inclination were 120°and 122°on the right and left sides, respectively. All the parameters measured showed no statistically significant difference between the right and left sides. Conclusion: The values of this study were relatively closer to the other studies. The parameters of this study may be helpful to surgeons, orthopedicians, and forensic anthropologists.