Diversity, floristic and structural patterns of cerrado vegetation in Central Brazil (original) (raw)
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Biogeographic patterns, -diversity and dominance in the cerrado biome of Brazil
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2000
From a total woody flora of ca. 1000 species, a suite of 121 species forms an oligarchy dominating the cerrado biome. This mirrors patterns of dominance described in western Amazonian rain forests. Widespread sampling shows that across the biome this suite of species contributes on average 66% of the total species composition, and 75% of the total Importance Value Index in cerrado communities. An analysis of the floristic similarity between six cerrado phytogeographic provinces (southern, central and south-eastern, central-western, far-western, north-eastern, disjunct Amazonian) reveals great heterogeneity within the biome, principally of the less common species. Of the 951 species recorded from 375 floristic surveys across the biome, 494 species (more than half of the total) are found in only one of the provinces, with very few species (37, i.e., 3.9%) found in all six provinces. Each of the provinces contains a significant number of species which are apparently confined to it, ranging from 15 species (1.6% of the total woody cerrado flora) in the far-western province (primarily in the state of Rondoˆnia) to 162 species (17%) in the central-western province. At the local level, floristic similarity can be very high. An analysis of the floristic composition of 13 sites within the Federal District shows a woody flora of 236 species, indicating that 25% of the total woody flora of the cerrado biome is represented in 0.3% of its area, illustrating the great conservation importance of this region. Floristic similarity between sites within the Federal District is high, although much of this similarity is accounted for by 'oligarch' species which account for between 59 and 89% of total species recorded per site. Informed conservation judgements within the cerrado need to take account of regional floristic patterns to ensure maximum protection of biodiversity, as the majority of species are not geographically widespread within the biome.
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2017
A number of studies have focused on the species composition and diversity of the woody vegetation of the ''Cerrado'', but few comparative data are available on the flora or the structure of different physiognomies and vegetation strata, precluding more general assessments of variations within the biome. We aimed to evaluate the diversity, species composition, and structure of the upper (trunk diameter at 30 cm above the ground-D 30 C 10 cm), middle (D 30 C 5 and \10 cm) and lower (D 30 C 2 and \5 cm) strata of two plots of typical ''Cerrado'' (TC1 and TC2) and two of sparse ''Cerrado'' (SC1 and SC2) in the Serra Azul State Park in Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil, discussing possible implications for the conservation of the biodiversity of the ''Cerrado''. We sampled 3658 individuals representing 75 species and 29 families. The density and diversity of species were higher in the TC plots, irrespective of the stratum analyzed. In all four plots, the density of the middle and lower strata was higher than that of the upper one, although species richness tended to be higher in the middle and upper strata. Species composition was highly similar between SC and TC plots. The same species were dominant in all four plots, and no indicator species were identified for either type of vegetation, indicating that the SC plots represent a subset of the TC ones. Given this, it is important that the selection of areas for conservation units includes both types of habitat, considering their distinct compositions and structural characteristics. This would contribute considerably to the preservation of the diversity of the local flora.
The Vegetation of Priority Areas for Cerrado Conservation in São Paulo State, Brazil
Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 2003
Natural cerrado vegetation in São Paulo State now covers less than 7% of its original area and exists only as isolated fragments. Eighty-six sites in these priority cerrado conservation areas were surveyed using a rapid assessment technique. A total of 554 species of vascular plants, belonging to 77 families, was recorded. The vegetation types encountered comprised: campo sujo, campo cerrado, cerrado sensu stricto, cerradão, wet campo, riparian forest, swamp forest, ecotone cerrado/forest and seasonal semi-deciduous forest. Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Unweighted Pair-Groups Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) revealed a weak similarity pattern based on geography, but divided the sites into two main structural groups: (a) areas where more open forms of cerrado occur (cerrado sensu stricto, campo cerrado); (b) areas where only forest physiognomies occur (cerradão, ecotone cerradão/seasonal semi-deciduous forest, or ri...
Diversity and indicator species in the cerrado biome, Brazil
Australian Journal of Crop Science
The Cerrado biome has high species richness, endemism and spatial heterogeneity. Knowing the main characteristics and peculiarities of the flora is essential to adequately protect the species richness of the Cerrado. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the species richness, alpha diversity and beta diversity of four vegetation types in the Paracatu River Basin (15°30'/19°30'S and 45°10'/47°30'W), Paracatu-MG. The four vegetation types cerrado (stricto sensu, "cerradão" or Savannah woodland, deciduous seasonal forest and riparian forest) were sampled following the Manual for Monitoring Permanent Plots of the Cerrado and Pantanal Biomes. Alpha diversity was assessed using the Simpson (Ds´) and Shannon & Wiener (H') indexes, and beta diversity using the Sørensen and Jaccard similarity indexes. The "cerradão" vegetation type had the highest number of species (106) and highest alpha diversity (3.83nats.ind-1). The cerrado stricto sensu had the lowest species richness (54 species) and alpha diversity value (2.65 nats. ind-1). Beta diversity was high (low Jaccard and Sørensen similarity) except between cerrado stricto sensu and "cerradão". The initial hypothesis of this study was rejected, because although the phytophysiognomies are located on the same land system, the beta diversity is high, except for the cerrado stricto sensu and "cerradão", which had similar diversity.
Scientia Forestalis
There is a lack of studies on phytosociology of Cerrado fragments within the Caatinga biome, located in the Southern region of Ceará State, associated to the Brazilian Crystalline Shield geological formation. Thus, contributing to the diagnosis and knowledge of this plant community, a survey on the general flora and especially the structure of arboreal vegetation was made. Every individual with SND ≥ 3cm (total height), within 12 parcels with 12x30 m (0.432 ha) of area was sampled. The floristic similarity was calculated by the Jaccard index, in comparison with ten other Brazilian Cerrado areas. Fourty-six species distributed in 22 families were found, comprising a total of 906 individuals, with AD=2,097.22 ind.ha-1. The highest abundance was found within families Fabaceae (20.31%) and Vochysiaceae (19.98%). Qualea parviflora, Annona leptopetala, Hymenaea stignocarpa and Callisthene fasciculata had the highest IVI index species. The calculated biodiversity indexes were: alpha diversity of Shannon (H') = 3.8 and equitability of Pielou (J') = 0.83. The results obtained show the area as a vegetation relict, under threat due to the penetration of Caatinga species, climatic changes, insufficient conservation efforts and fast anthropic deforestation. As a result, this relict area tends to shrink to a fragment much smaller than it was in the past.
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2015
We compared the diversity and species composition, and the structure of the vegetation of three distinct Cerrado phytophysiognomies (Cerradão, Dense Cerrado, and Typical Cerrado) in the Cerrado-Amazon transition, Mato Grosso (Brazil). Species richness (observed and estimated) in the Cerradão and Dense Cerrado was higher than that recorded in the Typical Cerrado. Species diversity, based on a Rényi profile, was highest in the Dense Cerrado, in comparison with the other phytophysiognomies. We recorded a higher number of exclusive species in the Cerradão, and a greater similarity (Morisita and Sørensen indices) between this vegetation type and the Dense Cerrado. While individuals were tallest in the Cerradão and Dense Cerrado and lowest in the Typical Cerrado, there was no difference among phytophysiognomies in mean diameter. A gradient in decreasing species richness and diversity (hypothesis 1) and vegetation vertical structure (hypothesis 3) was expected for the Cerradão-Dense Cerrado-Typical Cerrado; however, neither hypothesis was supported by the results. The Cerradão and Dense Cerrado were most similar in species composition not confirming hypothesis 2, which predicted that the two savanna vegetation types (Dense Cerrado and Typical Cerrado) were more similar to one another than either is to the woodland (Cerradão). Overall, the similarities among the three study communities depended on the type of parameter analyzed. While the species richness and the vertical and structure of the vegetation of the Cerradão and Dense Cerrado are closely similar, the Cerradão and Typical Cerrado are more similar in their species diversity. With regard to the floristic composition, Dense Cerrado occupies an intermediate position between Cerradão and Typical Cerrado.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
The Chapada das Mesas National Park is a federal reserve located in the State of Maranhão, in an ecotonal region of the Brazilian Northeast Cerrado. Aiming to assess the infl uence of biogeographic patterns and support restoration actions for regions where information is scarce, we analyzed the fl oristic composition of savanna and forest Cerrado physiognomies, the fl oristic relationships with other Brazilian Cerrado areas and investigated the fl oristic relationships between the Cerrado and the Amazon, and the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes. A total of 242 species in 181 genera and 64 families are recorded in our study. Fabaceae was the most representative family. We report 50 new records of species for Maranhão, four new records for the Cerrado biome and one vulnerable species. The separation of the gallery forest from cerradão and typical cerrado by ordination shows the infl uence of water availability and soil characteristics on fl oristic composition. In Cerrado ecotonal regions, such as Mato Grosso and Maranhão, the presence of species shared with the Amazon is expressive. In addition to the Amazon, physiognomies had greater fl oristic connection with the Caatinga fl ora. Our data demonstrates that the marginal areas of the Brazilian Cerrado may present high species diversity.
Biota Neotropica, 2013
We described and compared the floristic composition, richness, species diversity and structure of the tree-shrub component in pairs of Typical Cerrado (Cerrado Típico) and rocky outcrop Cerrado (Cerrado Rupestre) in two localities in Tocantins State. In each locality, we set up 10 plots of 20 × 50 m at a site, the Cerrado Típico and other Cerrado Rupestre, and sampled the individuals with Db30cm ≥ 5 cm. The rocky outcrop Cerrado did not present any trend towards lower richness and basal area compared to the Cerrado on deep soil. Few species occurred across the four sites and only two important species (Anacardium occidentale and Qualea parviflora) in the four vegetation structure were common to both environments assessed. Furthermore, the occurrence of habitat-specialist species of rocky outcrops and high altitudes (Mimosa claussenii, Tibouchina papyrus, Schwartzia adamantium and Wunderlichia cruelsiana) and the high dissimilarity among sites suggest that altitude is the main respon...
Agrarian Academy, 2016
The Cerrado biome presents different physiognomies distributed throughout several Brazilian states. Studies related to species distribution as direct environmental factors may subsidize forest restoration projects. The objective of this study wasto evaluate ecological and structural differences and determine the species distribution based on soil factors in two physiognomies types of Cerrado. Data sampling was conducted in the area of influence of the sugar cane industry in southwest of Goiás, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in those plots and analyzed chemically and psysically. The results of the soil characteristics were useful to verify if the species distribution correlate with soil patterns through canonical components analysis (CCA).The structural aspects were higher in the plots identified as seasonal forest. Although the Ecological aspects, such as species diversity, were higher in the cerradão. The CCA showed a positive correlation between the tree species distribution with physicochemical characteristics of soil. The analysis showed a positive correlation between the distribution of tree species and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil. A group of species was related to higher fertility in the soil and clay content. Another group was correlated with low fertility and higher sand content soils.