AGRARIAN ACADEMY , Centro Científico Conhecer - Goiânia, v.3, n.06; p. 2016 1 CERRADO FORESTS: SEASONAL FOREST AND CERRADÃO (original) (raw)
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CERRADO FORESTS: SEASONAL FOREST AND CERRADÃO
The Cerrado biome presents different physiognomies distributed throughout several Brazilian states. Studies related to species distribution as direct environmental factors may subsidize forest restoration projects. The objective of this study wasto evaluate ecological and structural differences and determine the species distribution based on soil factors in two physiognomies types of Cerrado. Data sampling was conducted in the area of influence of the sugar cane industry in southwest of Goiás, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in those plots and analyzed chemically and psysically. The results of the soil characteristics were useful to verify if the species distribution correlate with soil patterns through canonical components analysis (CCA).The structural aspects were higher in the plots identified as seasonal forest. Although the Ecological aspects, such as species diversity, were higher in the cerradão. The CCA showed a positive correlation between the tree species distribution with physicochemical characteristics of soil. The analysis showed a positive correlation between the distribution of tree species and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil. A group of species was related to higher fertility in the soil and clay content. Another group was correlated with low fertility and higher sand content soils.
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Plant Ecology, 2004
The cerrado has been identified as one of the richest and most threatened biomes of the world, but few phytogeographical studies have been undertaken in the region. A total of 70 land systems based on climate, landscape and soils have been identified in the region, but it remains to be seen if the distribution and structure of the plant communities support these divisions. The aim of this work was to compare the floristic and structural similarity of cerrado sensu stricto within and between three physiographic units, named Pratinha, Veadeiros and São Francisco, which contain six land systems in central Brazil and cover 10 degrees of latitude and five degrees of longitude. The woody vegetation of 15 selected sites of the cerrado sensu stricto physiognomy was surveyed under a standardized methodology. The number of species per site varied from 55 to 97, with most sites having around 60 to 70 species, and Shannon´s diversity indices ranged from 3.44 to 3.73, with most sites around 3.5 suggesting high alpha diversity. Sørensen´s floristic similarity index was high, with all Figures above 0.5 between the sites in the same land system in each physiographic unit but low between sites in different land systems in the Veadeiros. Czekanowski similarity indices were lower than Sørensen’s in the comparisons due to a high structural differentiation between the sites. There is a large overlap in species occurrence in the sites but the size of their populations is very different at each site. Therefore, the high beta diversity is mostly due to differences in abundance of species between sites. The sites were separated by physiographic units, considering the first three divisions of TWINSPAN classification. The first axis of DCA ordination showed a gradient going from the cerrado on deep soils in Pratinha, through to those on sandy soils in São Francisco and ending on the shallower soils of the Veadeiros. Land systems conformed well with the floristic and structural variations of the vegetation, indicating their potential use in designing a network of conservation areas in the cerrado region and as a basis for decision-making on management.
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Although richness and distribution of woody species in the Cerrado physiognomies have been extensively studied, the shifts of woody species from savanna physiognomies to dry forests have not yet been addressed. Here, we investigate the effect of soil physical-chemical traits on the woody species turnover between adjacent cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest physiognomies. Woody species were surveyed, and soil and topographic variables measured, in 30 10×40 m plots systematically distributed, with 15 plots in each physiognomy. We found a spatially structured distribution of woody species, and differences of soil traits between cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest areas, mainly related to the aluminum saturation, base saturation, and available phosphorus. Aluminum saturation increased toward the savanna area, while base saturation increased toward the dry forest. Most woody species predominated in one physiognomy, such as Callisthene major in the cerrado stricto sensu and Anadenanthera colubrina in the dry forest. Only 20% of the species were widely distributed across both physiognomies or, not often, restricted to the intermediary values of the soil gradient. General results indicate that contrasting soil traits between cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest produce a strongly spatially organized and sharp transition in terms of species distribution between these physiognomies.
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