Why Not Integrating Jakarta Metropolitan Area Zoning Regulation (original) (raw)
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Isocarp Review 15, 2019
Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) is the biggest and most expanded metropolitan area in Southeast Asia. Despite various plans already made and enacted in the latest half century, sprawls still JMA's main issue. This article attempts to show how and why efforts to manage urban development failed in Jakarta and how those attempts became a driving factor for more urban sprawl for JMA.
Urban Transport XX, 2014
The phenomenon of sprawl has been a huge issue since the beginning of the 20 th century and is characterized by rapid and unbalanced settlement development, with transportation network, particularly in the suburban areas. Academic research has explained the linkage strategy between transportation network and urban planning. However, insufficient empirical verification has been carried out to reduce this phenomenon by using the integrated approach of space-transport development. This paper focuses on analyzing the improvement of public transport supply incorporated in the settlement development. The improvement of public transport (PT) is designed by planning Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rapid Transit (LRT), Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and feeder systems. The impact of PT improvement has an effect on the settlement development. In addition, creating a balance between employment and population density is designed as an alternative to urban spatial strategy. These approaches are necessary in order to analyze and to evaluate the many alternatives proposed as a solution to overcome this phenomenon. The conclusions reveal that the requirement for linkage space-transport development strategy in order to control settlement in the suburbs has to involve reduction of 35% in travel time and to increase doubling of the use of PT.
MANAGING THE GROWTH OF GREATER JAKARTA: TOWARDS A MEGALOPOLIS WITHOUT SPRAWL
Within the last three decades, both suburb developments and new towns have been growing immensely around Jakarta. Lacking of greenbelts around the city, while the new towns were located too close to the main city of Jakarta, agricultural lands between the mother city and new towns were rapidly built-up by sprawl of small-scaled housing projects. The agglomeration of those urbanized areas resulted in the formation of a giant city. Costly infrastructures have to be built to serve this immense size of city. Traffic congestion occurs in all parts of the city, as a result of criss-cross daily trip of the inhabitants – which mostly depends on private vehicles. Considering the sustainability of Greater Jakarta, a proper growth policy has to be set up. The formation of a megalopolis is inevitable. However, to cope with sprawl, a smart growth for creating a compact mother city is necessary.
Challenges on Java's small city spatial planning
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science , 2018
Most Indonesians nowadays live in the urban area, due to urbanization. 60 percent of the inhabitants of Java, the most populous island in Indonesia, will live in the urban area by 2010, a figure that is higher than the national average of 55 percent. Urbanization has brought a large influx of newcomers not only into the metropolitan or large cities, but also into small and medium cities. One of urbanization's most concerning impacts is urban sprawl that harms sustainability. There is a dearth of academic literature studying the phenomenon of urban sprawl in Indonesian small cities. Urban sprawl in small cities is commonly ignored, considered as a contained problem the solution for which is a simple use of local spatial plan. Unfortunately, for Indonesia, this solution is difficult to implement because city spatial plans works only within administrative jurisdictions, whilst the urban sprawls themselves generally occur across the borders of different administrative jurisdictions. This study studies urban sprawls occurring in several small cities in Java. While those cities already have spatial plan, most were the general spatial plan (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota/Kabupaten) that operates only within the city's administrative jurisdiction. We are unable to find detailed strategies in these cities to deal with urban sprawl. We also found that all spatial plans are unable to come up with urban growth boundary strategy. Finally, we are also unable to find integrated detailed spatial plan among those cities to answer the urban sprawl situation.
2011
The Jakarta Metropolitan area has experienced urban sprawl. Existing planning processes do not appear to manage sprawl effectively. The aim of this study is to empirically analyse the contribution of spatial externalities on sprawl, and its effect on proximate agricultural land and conservation areas. A residential location choice model incorporating externalities is constructed, and a Tobit panel data analysis is conducted using grid-based land use data. The analysis finds significant empirical evidence regarding the contribution of neighbourhood development externalities to sprawl. Implications for policy are discussed.
Indonesian Journal of Geography, 2017
This research was conducted in the surrounding areas of a university, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), which is administratively located in Tamantiro Village, Kasihan District, Bantul Regency, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It aims to formulate the regional management of the surrounding areas as they have been presenting the indications of urban sprawl. It used a qualitative method with research data obtained from in-depth interviews to 22 informants including governmental agencies (7 informants), academics (6 informants), entrepreneurs (5 informants), and villagers (4 informants). The informants were sampled using purposive sampling method. Data processing and analysis were conducted using qualitative descriptive method, i.e. (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) data conclusion. Data validation and reliability tests were conducted using source triangulation method. The results show that the stakeholders proposed various management strategies to improve the positive impacts and, at the same time, reduce the negative impacts of urban sprawl. These management strategies include (1) consistency in implementing spatial planning regulation, (2) spatial synergism in development planning, implementation, and monitoring, (3) assistance to the native people and the migrants, and (4) integration between the university and the village.
Self-Organization, Urban Transformation, and Spatial Planning in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia
This study aimed to identify the role of spatial planning in facing self-organizing processes as evidenced by a complex urban transformation in Greater Jakarta. Greater Jakarta is one of the mega urban-regions in Southeast Asia that are undergoing a rapid urban transformation process. This urban transformation has been developing through a non-linear transition. Unfortunately, the current spatial planning system in Greater Jakarta is not yet adequately adapted to respond to this transformation. This is proven by the unsynchronized condition between spatial planning documents and urban land-use changes that have been encouraged by the processes of self-organization. The discrepancy between the empirical situation and the present spatial planning documents has resulted in a mismatch between the spatial planning system and the urban development process in Greater Jakarta. This mismatch has occurred because the current spatial planning system does not consider future uncertainty. This situation indicates that there is a ‘fuzziness’ in the implementation of the spatial planning system and process, while the urban transformation happens at a rapid pace and needs a quick and appropriate response. In order to counter this mismatch, the spatial planning system in Greater Jakarta should pay more attention to the non-linear way in which the urban system is evolving. Keywords. Self-organization, urban transformation, non linearity, spatial planning system, Greater Jakarta
New town development in Jakarta Metropolitan Region: a perspective of spatial segregation
Habitat International, 2004
The extent to which land and new town development has reinforced spatial segregation in Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JMR) is discussed. The demand for new towns has been essentially generated by the need for security and fulfilling an exclusive life style, which because it is innovative, has been able to sell an image of the 'new town' as a symbol of 'modernism.' New town development has reinforced spatial segregation in three ways: First, it has polarized the middle and upper income groups, resulting in scattered pockets of exclusive residential areas. Second, within the new towns themselves, the upper middle and high class occupied exclusively designed areas with the highest security possible. Third, in several new towns, urban development management is carried out by the developers instead of by the city hall. The spatial segregation in JMR can be classified as 'self segregation' or 'voluntary segregation.' It will continue and is inevitable, a result of socio-economic and political conditions within the urban society as a whole. r
Zoning and growth controls models can be used to reduce the problem of congestion, improve the welfare, health and safety. This model explains that an important cause of congestion is the commuter flow of motor vehicles which drove from periurban areas to urban areas and vice versa. This model expressed the need for the development of zoning/district in the area which is the commuter access to the city center that has been there a bus station, a public station, railway station and traditional market. Development zone/district relates urban renewal, integrated between improvement public transportation with traditional market, renovation of kampong alleys, development of Open Space (RTH), commercial areas, waste management with composting, parking areas, health center (Puskesmas), non-luxury apartments, Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) and a gas station (SPBU). Development zoning district is expected to reduce the number of vehicles entering the city center and a shift towards commuters to use public transportation and also parking the vehicles in this area. This activities can improve the local economic welfare. Zoning and Growth Controls these are regulatory, financing and development may involve all stakeholders with emphasis on poor society. Urban revewal in this zoning district has unique characteristic/ strong image in the public perception so the Lynch theory has been explained.