Micotoxins effects on Oxidative Stress, Memory and Anxious behaviour of zebrafish (original) (raw)
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Revista de Chimie
Natural contaminants, especially mycotoxins, pose a challenge since they are found in a wide range of agricultural crops and differ significantly in chemical structure and symptomatology in humans and signs of disease in animals following exposure to these chemical agents. Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by a diverse group of fungi that contaminate agricultural crops prior to harvest or during storage post-harvest and different species including humans, poultry, swine and fish. Food contamination by mycotoxins is a risk to human and animal health being responsible for significant economic losses and can exhibit a broad range of effects including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity and developmental toxicity. In the present paper was tested the influence of patulin (PAT, 70 mg/L) and kojic acid (KA, 100, 204 and 284 mg/L) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPX), MDA (lipid peroxidation marker) but also on memory and anxious behavior in the Danio rerio experimental m...
KOJIC ACID EFFECTS ON THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO
International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research, 2022
Kojic acid (5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one) is a common contaminant of many food products which are part of humans or animals daily nutrition (sake, soy sauce, cereals, fodder and dairy products). This mycotoxin has demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, insecticide, antioxidant and skin whitening effects. In this study, adult zebrafish were divided in 4 groups: Control and 3 kojic acid-treated groups which were exposed to 100 mg/l, 204 mg/l and 284 mg/l kojic acid for 7 days. Histological alterations of the control and kojic acid-treated group were examined and compared, with emphasis on liver, kidney, pancreas, intestine, brain and myocardium. While the Control group had no histological alterations, the kojic acid-exposed zebrafish show hepatocytes hyperhydration/vacuolation, fragmentation of the cell membrane, nuclear karyolysis/pycnosis, a significant shortening of the intestinal villi, myocardiocytes degeneration, a moderatesevere myocardial congestion, an important lipid infiltration of the exocrine pancreas leading to the atrophy of the acini, nephrocyte degeneration and hyalinosis, nuclear hyperhydration, reduction to annulation of the tubular lumens. The histological alterations increase proportionally with the kojic acid dose.
In recent years, a significant number of novel metabolites with potent pharmacological properties (antioxidant, antitumor, anti-HIV) have been discovered from marine organisms. Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) is a marine alga belonging to order: Gigartinales and family: Solieriaceae. It has been invasive in the Gulf of Mannar since 2000, and has a high content of the steroid phenol. This is the first report on its antioxidant properties using an animal model. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant and antigenotoxic/protective role of K. alvarezii growing in southeast coast of India in the male rat. The findings indicate that an extract of K. alvarezii is not nephrotoxic at the dose levels. The algal antioxidant activity shows similar correlation (89%; R 2 = 0.8963) at varying temperature to the known antioxidant. K. alvarezii extracts exhibit significant protective effects against DNA damage induced by H 2 O 2 , which might be related to antioxidant activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term daily administration of K. alvarezii extract offers enhanced antioxidant potential and protection against tissue lipid peroxidation and cell damage. Our results support the use of K. alvarezii in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Frontiers in Life Science, 2012
In recent years, a significant number of novel metabolites with potent pharmacological properties (antioxidant, antitumor, anti-HIV) have been discovered from marine organisms. Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) is a marine alga belonging to order: Gigartinales and family: Solieriaceae. It has been invasive in the Gulf of Mannar since 2000, and has a high content of the steroid phenol. This is the first report on its antioxidant properties using an animal model. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant and antigenotoxic/protective role of K. alvarezii growing in southeast coast of India in the male rat. The findings indicate that an extract of K. alvarezii is not nephrotoxic at the dose levels. The algal antioxidant activity shows similar correlation (89%; R 2 = 0.8963) at varying temperature to the known antioxidant. K. alvarezii extracts exhibit significant protective effects against DNA damage induced by H 2 O 2 , which might be related to antioxidant activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term daily administration of K. alvarezii extract offers enhanced antioxidant potential and protection against tissue lipid peroxidation and cell damage. Our results support the use of K. alvarezii in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
2012
POTENTIAL TOXIC AND ANTICARCINOGENIC SEAWEED Prasiola crispa AUTHOR: Ana Paula Pegoraro Zemolin ADVISOR: Jeferson Luis Franco DATE AND PLACE OF THE DEFENSE: Santa Maria, December, 22, 2015 Toxic and anticarcinogenic effects of Prasiola Seaweed extract crispa (PCE) were investigated in Drosophila melanogaster, Nauphoeta cinérea and leukemic cells. In fruit flies, toxicity was assessed as mortality and biochemical changes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and oxidative stress markers. The cardiotoxic action of PCE was examined in a semi-isolated heart model cheap. They were also analyzed the antiproliferative properties of Prasiola crispa (Pc) in leukemic K562 cells. The PCE administration (2 mg / ml) in flies, lasted 24 hours and resulted in a significant increase in mortality (7.6 fold increase compared to control). Activity of AChE (GSH) glutathione levels and the hydroperoxide formation was unchanged. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were significantly alter...
Khat Induced Toxicity: Role on Its Modulating Effects on Inflammation and Oxidative Stability
BioMed research international, 2018
Long-term khat ( Forsk.) chewing has negative effects on human body. Khat constituents appear to be capable of disturbing the delicate equilibrium between damaging and protective mechanisms of a cell that is essential for optimal activity, thereby producing oxidative damage. Therefore, the current study was designed to understand the role of khat on cell toxicity, oxidative stability, and inflammation. Khat was extracted using 60% methanol and assessed calorimetrically for its phenolic and flavonoid contents. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to assess the antioxidant properties. Lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma induced murine monocytic macrophages cell line (RAW 264.7) were used to assess khat effects on cellular inflammation, oxidative stability, and viability. Khat possesses high content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The results showed a strong p...
Toxics, 2021
The improper use of synthetic fungicides has raised public concerns related to environmental pollution and animal health. Over the years, plant-derived antifungals have been investigated as safer alternatives, although little scientific evidence of its neurodevelopmental effects exist. The main objective of this study was to explore the effects of three alternative natural extracts (Equisetum arvense, Mimosa tenuiflora, Thymol) with antifungal properties during the early development of zebrafish by evaluating different teratogenic, oxidative stress and behavioural outcomes. Following the determination of the 96 h-LC50, exposure to sublethal concentrations showed the safety profile of both E. arvense and M. tenuiflora. However, following 96-h exposure to Thymol, increased lethality, pericardial oedema, yolk and eye deformations, and decreased body length were observed. The reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio was increased, and the glutathione-s-transferase activity in t...
Khat (Catha edulis) Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in
2007
Khat chewing is widely practiced in Eastern Africa and the Middle East. Khat is genotoxic to cells within the oral mucosa, and several studies have suggested an association between khat use and oral lesions like hyperkeratosis and oral cancer. This study investigated the mechanism of khat-induced cytotoxicity using primary normal human oral keratinocytes (NOK) and fibroblasts (NOF). Khat induced rounding up of cells, plasma membrane blebbing, and condensation of nuclear chromatin within 3–6 h of exposure. The cells also showed externalization of phosphatidylserine and fragmentation of DNA. Morphological and biochemical features were compatible with cell death by apoptosis. Khat also induced an increase in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) within 1 h of exposure. Antioxidants reduced ROS generation, GSH depletion and delayed the onset of cytotoxicity in both cell types. Generally,
Inhibitory effect of kojic acid on some plant and crustacean polyphenol oxidases
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1991
Kojic acid exhibited a competitive inhibition for the oxidation of chlorogenic acid and catechol by potato polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and of 4-methylcatechol and chlorogenic acid by apple PPO. This compound showed a mixed-type inhibition for white shrimp, grass prawn, and lobster PPO when DL-0-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DL-Dopa) and catechol were used as substrates but a mixed-type and a competitive inhibition for mushroom PPO when DL-Dopa and L-tyrosine were used, respectively. Potato and apple PPOs were shown to have much higher affinities for Dopa than for chlorogenic acid, 4-methylcatechol, and catechol. These two PPOs also had a higher affinity for Dopa than the other four PPOs. Kojic acid is thus an effective inhibitor of PPO on the oxidation of Dopa.
This study investigates the pro-oxidant behavior of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) on the marine algal species Dunaliella tertiolecta and the immune defense-related hemocytes of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. A phytotoxicity test, performed in a first step, showed a significant inhibition of the growth rate and the chlorophyll alpha (Chl-a) content in algae after exposure for 24 h to different concentrations of CBZ (1-200 mg L -1 ). On the other hand, the increased levels of lipid peroxidation products, such as MDA, measured in 24 h CBZ-treated cells were attenuated with time (48-96 h), followed by a significant recovery of both the algal growth rate and the Chl-a content in all cases. The latter could be related to the concomitant enhancement of total carotenoids in CBZ-treated algae with time, which in turn could protect algal growth and survival against CBZ-induced oxidative stress. On the other hand, the increased levels of cell death, superoxide anions ( Á O 2 -), nitric oxides (NO, in terms of nitrites, NO 2 -) and MDA content observed in mussel hemocytes exposed to environmentally relevant (0.01-1 lg L -1 ) and/or higher (10 and 100 lg L -1 ) concentrations of the drug, clearly indicate the ability of CBZ to induce oxidative effects on cells of nontarget species, such as mussels, affecting thus their overall health status. The significant relationships occurred among the tested biological parameters in both bioassays, further reinforce CBZ-mediated pro-oxidant effects on species, widely used in ecotoxicological and toxicological studies and provide a more comprehensive view on its environmental fate and ecotoxicological risk evaluation.