American Exceptionalism and the Afghanistan War: The War on Truth Exposed by Failing Policies (original) (raw)
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The future of peace in Afghanistan is rooted in lessons from the past
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The overall U.S. strategy in Afghanistan lacks clarity and consistently coordinated efforts/policies to bring peace in the war-torn country. From the Bush to Obama and Trump administrations, the situation remains complex, and ambiguity prevails on the future of Afghanistan and achievements; therefore, the U.S. needs to think outside the box to emerge from this turbulent 19 years-long war. No single country can bring peace and security in Afghanistan due to its complex and diverse nature of issues, its history of conflicts and unsettled domestic issues, which divided the nation into different tribes and factions. The continuity in using soft and smart powers, a multilateral approach, along with Principal-Agent theory, would help to further pave the way forward for bringing peace in Afghanistan. The consistent approach towards state-building and nationbuilding took by U.S. coalitions, and the U.N. will have a positive impact and create a consensus to develop a peaceful and stable Afgh...
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Asian journal of International Peace and Security (AJIPS, 2022
Unintended consequences in international relations may be tracked in three ways: Irrational policies that harm a state's interests owing to diplomatic brinkmanship. Second, tense relationships (spiraling out of control) have their own logic regardless of the best interests of those involved. Third, the outcome was unanticipated or against one's self-interests. By evacuating American and NATO troops from Afghanistan, the Taliban escalated their activities, resulting in Kabul's collapse. Obama fought Taliban fighters through military operations and drone strikes. The Afghan peace process, which failed and led to the withdrawal of American-led NATO troops under Biden, shows that this Afghan territory is a "graveyard of empires." This brinkmanship game has had little effect on the sole superpower and its allies, but Afghanistan and Pakistan may suffer from unanticipated consequences. This article concerns the Afghan peace process, Pakistan's role, and post-Taliban Afghanistan. Similarly, it examines the unintended consequences of the Afghan peace process's failure and Kabul's fall to the Taliban for Afghanistan and Pakistan. Using qualitative research interviews, this article explores Pakistan's various action options in Afghanistan.
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By analysing the US-Taliban deal and the United States-Afghan joint declaration, this SADF Focus sheds light on the current and upcoming role of the Afghan government in the intra-Afghan dialogue. It is argued that the Afghan authorities need to lead the intra-Afghan dialogue and the overall peace process. If any deal is achieved that excludes them, they will lose their remaining legitimacy, resulting in a further enhancement of the urban-rural divide. This would also give regional power sharing arrangements with local stakeholders and militant groups further momentum. Moreover, the process of institution building and public services delivery by non-governmental agents, especially the Taliban in areas under their direct control, will continue. Considering the current political crisis in Kabul, the authors highlight the need for the US to maintain an oversight role in the country, particularly a 'hands-on approach' in the negotiation between the Taliban and the Afghan authorities.
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