Reflections on an "Ignominious Defeat": Reappraising the Effects of the Greco- Ottoman War of 1897 on Greek Politics (original) (raw)
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New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence: Myths, Realities, Legacies and Reflections
2022
Access the book here: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5 This book marks the 200-year anniversary of uprisings in the Ottoman Balkans between February and March 1821, which became known in the West as the beginnings of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), and led to the formation of the modern Greek state. It explores the war and its impact on societies involved by delving into the myths that surround it, the realities that have often been ignored or suppressed, and its lasting legacies on national identities and histories. It also explores memory and commemoration in Greece, in other countries impacted, and the Greek diaspora. This book offers a fresh perspective on this pivotal event in Greek, Ottoman, Balkan, Mediterranean, European, and world histories. It presents new research and reflections to connect the war to wider history and to understand its importance across the last 200 years.
The decade prior to the Greek Revolution; a Black Hole in Ottoman History
The Greek Revolution in the Age of Revolutions (1776-1848), Reappraisals and Comparisons , 2021
The Greek Revolution in the Age of Revolutions (1776-1848) brings together twenty-one scholars and a host of original ideas, revisionist arguments, and new information to mark the bicentennial of the Greek Revolution of 1821. The purpose of this volume is to demonstrate the significance of the Greek liberation struggle to international history, and to highlight how it was a turning point that signalled the revival of revolution in Europe after the defeat of the French Revolution in 1815. It argues that the sacrifices of rebellious Greeks paved the way for other resistance movements in European politics, culminating in the 'spring of European peoples' in 1848. Richly researched and innovative in approach, this volume also considers the diplomatic and transnational aspects of the insurrection, and examines hitherto unexplored dimensions of revolutionary change in the Greek world. This book will appeal to scholars and students of the Age of Revolution, as well as those interested in comparative and transnational history, political theory and constitutional law.
European Revolutions and the Ottoman Balkans, 2020
I tell you, dear heart! it will be quite a fi re. Ha! may it reach to the tower's top and melt its vane and rage and swirl about it until it bursts and falls!-and you must not take off ense at our allies. I know that the good Russians would like to use us as fi rearms. But let that pass! when our strong Spartans have once learned in the fi eld who they are and of what they are capable, when once we have conquered the Peloponnesus with them, then we will laugh in the North Pole's face and make a life of our own. Alabanda to Hyperion 2
The Economic forces of victory versus those of defeat: The case of the Greek-Turkish war (1919-1922)
2017
The tragic period started with Greek victories and ended with the greatest defeat of the modern Greek state. Although these conflicts were different there is a clear nexus between them. In the Greek as well as the international bibliography the majority of studies highlight the strategic, tactical, operational, diplomatic, psychological dimensions of the conflicts of the period, as well as, the personal motives of political and military leaders. Within this intellectual framework, the economic forces of the conflict are marginalized by most academics. The final conflict of the period is mainly known as the "Campaign of Asia-Minor» in the Greek bibliography, whereas in the Turkish bibliography it is considered as "the Great Patriotic War". Thus in this article we aim to demonstrate that the conflicts of the period are connected and also that
OTTOMAN PERCEPTIONS OF THE GREEK NATIONALISM
OTTOMAN PERCEPTIONS OF THE GREEK NATIONALISM, BALKAN WORLDS IV, 2019
Slavic and Oriental Studies, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki , November 29th – December 1st, 2018 Keynote Speaker: John Breuilly (LSE), ‘The rise and fall of pan-nationalisms, c.1870-1950’ This paper is an investigation of the Ottoman perceptions and reactions to 1821 and the concept of Greek irredentism. I will try to investigate how the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud B', the central state elite and the intelligentsia, experienced the Greek War of Independence and the "making" of the modern Greek state. The Ottoman reactions have been overlooked or interpreted with simplifications by historians. Therefore, we have to examine the contemporary Ottoman sources and the terminology in order to understand the Ottoman perceptions. My survey is based on the archival material compiled by the Ottoman statesmen and the contemporary history accounts. The Ottomans intercepted and translated correspondence from the Greek leadership, including a very important letter addressed to all the Helenes to rise and liberate the motherland 1. A survey on the Ottoman Archives, revealed that the Ottomans translated the Temporary Constitution of Greece, (1 January 1822) 2. Through the translation of these letters, terms such as republic (cumhuriyet) freedom (serbestiyet), motherland (vatan), compatriot (hemvatan), national assembly (cumhur müşaveresi) entered to Ottoman terminology for the first time. The Ottomans and the Sultan himself neglected all the declarations and the national aspirations of the Greeks and perceived the revolt as a conspiracy (fesad), provocation (fitne), betrayal (ihanet) and sedition (isyan) 3 carried out by the "ungrateful reayas". Why did the Ottomans insisted on interpreting the Greek independence movement as a simple sedition? The ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution had reached the Ottoman world through different channels of transmission, such as the sizeable European community in Istanbul and the Ottoman ambassadors in 1 Ilıcak, Huseyin
The Greek Revolution 200 Years On: New Perspectives and Legacies
Yianni Cartledge and Andrekos Varnava, “The Greek Revolution 200 Years On: New Perspectives and Legacies”, (eds.) Yianni Cartledge and Andrekos Varnava, New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence: Myths, Realities, Legacies and Reflections, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2022, 3-21., 2022
ing the Greek War of Independence. It was also telling that the 'Great Idea', with the exception of the Dodecanese Islands, which Italy ceded to Greece in 1946, and the enosis policy in Cyprus, ended 101 years after the start of the Greek War of Independence. 3 A year after celebrating the centenary of the start of the 'Greek Revolution', Greece, which had doubled its territory over the last decade, found itself defeated and still divided. About 50 years later, on the 150-year anniversary of the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, Richard Clogg wrote that 'the period of the Tourkokratia remains the least studied and least understood period of Greek history'. 4 Fifty years later again, the nature of the Tourkokratia still remains among a number of aspects of the 'Greek Revolution' that are overlooked by Greek historians let alone broader European historical scholarship. This includes discussions of transnationalism, localism, international Philhellenism, privateering, mass violence and massacres, emigration, historiography, the arts, foreign reactions, and the broader Greek-speaking world; as well as a range of new perspectives on already established narratives. Following the many celebrations, commemorations, and symposiums held in honour of the Greek War of Independence during 2021, revisiting these minimally discussed aspects seems both appropriate and timely. Just over 200 years ago, between February and March 1821, uprisings in the Ottoman Balkans eventually led to the formation of the modern Greek nation state in 1830. This event became known in the West as the 'Greek War of Independence' (1821-1829), to Greeks as the 'Greek Revolution of 1821', or simply as 'the struggle' during its immediate aftermath, and to Turks as the 'Greek Mutiny'. This volume, New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence: Myths, Realities, Legacies and Reflections, marks the 200-year anniversary of the uprising. To explore the Greek War of Independence and its impact on the communities and 2
Greece, Modern (entry in The SAGE Encyclopedia of War, full paper)
The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives, Paul Josepf (ed.), 2017
Greece became an independent state in 1830. Since then, the Greek state has been involvedin six wars and one civil war, as well as five major military mobilizations (which did not escalate into full wars). This entry discusses these wars and military mobilizations and modern Greece’s irredentist and nationalist goals.