Study on stability, fuel properties, engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of biofuel emulsion (original) (raw)
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BIODIESEL BIO-OIL EMULSIONS AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR DIESEL ENGINE
Carbon
Biofuels obtained from renewable resources, such as agriculture residues, woody biomass, sugars crops, and vegetable oils, are attracted because of their effect on the atmosphere is more carbon-neutral and they are less toxic in the environment. Alcohols, biodiesel, biogas are the most common biofuels used today. Bio-oil is a fuel derived from pyrolysis of biomass source. Recently biofuels and their emulsions are listed as promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. This article reports an experimental study on the use of biodiesel and bio-oil emulsions as fuels in a compression ignition(CI) engine. Emulsions were prepared by using two different types of surfactants. Comparison on engine performance and emission between the emulsified fuels, diesel and Jatropha methyl ester (JME) are discussed in this paper. The experimental results indicate that the biodiesel bio-oil emulsions enhance the combustion efficiency with improved engine performance and lower tailpipe emissions as compared to neat fuels.
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2003
The current method of utilising biomass derived fast liquid (bio-crude oil or bio-oil) in a diesel engine requires three fuels and a complex start-up and shut down procedure. For more rapid and successful commercialisation of this renewable liquid fuel, a more convenient and cheaper method of utilisation is needed that provides a single fuel that is stable and readily ignites in a compression engine. This paper describes the production of emulsions from biomass fast pyrolysis liquid and diesel fuel for utilisation in diesel engines. The objective is to allow unmodiÿed diesel engines to run on fast pyrolysis liquid derived from biomass without the cost and complexity of a dual fuel system. The immediate application is in stationary engines for power generation, but there are longer term opportunities for use as a transport fuel. This paper describes the production of the emulsions that have been tested in di erent diesel engines (tests in engines is reported in a separate paper). ?
Biodiesel-water emulsions: An alternative approach for conventional fuels
Emulsified fuels have more priority in reducing nitrogen oxide and smoke simultaneously than as compared to conventional fuels. Present investigation describes the process to formulate highly stable water-in-Biodiesel emulsion, which gives minimum hazardous exhaust emission. For making emulsion, surfactant blends were screened for their effectiveness in stabilizing water in biodiesel emulsion system. The Biodiesel was mixed with water in different the ratios to investigate the stability & characteristic of fuel. Effective results were obtained with blend of SPAN 80/TWEEN 80. A high speed mixing homogenizer technique was used to obtain the resultant water in biodiesel emulsion containing blend of SPAN 80/TWEEN 80. It was observe that the emulsions stability decreases as water concentration increases.
Performance of a drop-in biofuel emulsion on a single-cylinder research diesel engine
Combustion Engines
Current targets in reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gases as well as fossil fuel depletion have promoted the research for alternatives to petroleum-based fuels. Pyrolysis oil (PO) from biomass and waste oil is seen as a method to reduce life-cycle CO2, broaden the energy mix and increase the use of renewable fuels. The abundancy and low prices of feedstock have attracted the attention of biomass pyrolysis in order to obtain energy-dense products. Research has been carried out in optimising the pyrolysis process, finding efficient ways to convert the waste to energy. However, the pyrolysis products have a high content in water, high viscosity and high corrosiveness which makes them unsuitable for engine combustion. Upgrading processes such as gasification, trans-esterification or hydro-deoxynegation are then needed. These processes are normally costly and require high energy input. Thus, emulsification in fossil fuels or alcohols is being used as an alternative. In this research wor...
Physico-chemical and emission characterization of emulsified biodiesel/diesel blends
Biodiesel/diesel blends (BDB) were prepared using different biodiesel percentages (10, 15 and 20% v/v) namely B10, B15 and B20, respectively. A high energy emulsification method was employed for this purpose. An engine test bed was utilized to combust the emulsion in order to investigate emission gas concentrations such as CO, NOx, CO2, O2 and smoke. The emission concentrations of NOx and O2 were decreased with increasing biodiesel concentration. However, the emission of CO2 was increased with the increasing amounts of water. The highest concentration of NOx was found for B15. The physicochemical properties of BDB emulsion fuel in terms of viscosity and calorific value were also measured and investigated. Furthermore, biodiesel showed the highest viscosity compared to diesel and BDB fuels. The viscosity of BDB fuels was increased from B10 to B20. The increasing biodiesel concentration showed a decrease in calorific value. Hence, emulsified biodiesel fuel is a promising alternative fuel for reducing harmful emissions.
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2003
The current method of utilising biomass derived fast liquid (bio-crude oil or bio-oil) in a diesel engine requires three fuels and a complex start-up and shut down procedure. For more rapid and successful commercialisation of this renewable liquid fuel, a more convenient and cheaper method of utilisation is needed that provides a single fuel that is stable and readily ignites in a compression engine. This paper describes the production of emulsions from biomass fast pyrolysis liquid and diesel fuel for utilisation in diesel engines. The objective is to allow unmodiÿed diesel engines to run on fast pyrolysis liquid derived from biomass without the cost and complexity of a dual fuel system. The immediate application is in stationary engines for power generation, but there are longer term opportunities for use as a transport fuel. This paper describes the production of the emulsions that have been tested in di erent diesel engines (tests in engines is reported in a separate paper). ?
Effect of addition of Additives in Emulsified Biodiesel Fuel : a Review
2014
Researchers look for new source of fuel alternating to the petrol and diesel, petrol and diesel are very expensive in the world, alternating fuel must be renewable, locally available and environmentally benign. From the alternative source, the significance of biodiesel fuel as technically and commercially viable alternative to petrol and diesel fuel. Depending on the availability of the different stocks biodiesel is made. Due to water emulsified in biodiesel fuel there is increase in ignition probability. This paper contains literature survey which provides reduction in NOx and carbon dioxide using emulsified biodiesel instead of petrol fuel. By adding additives in emulsified biodiesel performance of engine should be increases.
Emulsification of pyrolysis derived bio-oil in diesel fuel
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2003
Bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis is very viscous, highly acidic and does not ignite easily as it contains a substantial amount of structural water. To circumvent these problems pyrolytic bio-oil was emulsified in No. 2 diesel fuel. In the current investigation, very heavy fractions of bio-oil were removed from bio-oil by centrifugation prior to emulsification. Emulsions so produced can be very stable depending on processing conditions. A series of emulsification runs was carried out to determine the relationship between process conditions, emulsion stability and processing costs. Of five process variables examined (temperature, residence time, bio-oil concentration, surfactant concentration and power input per unit volume) only the last three had significant effects on emulsion stability. The tests showed there were optimal operating conditions that produced stable emulsions. The formation of stable emulsions required surfactant concentration ranging from 0.8 to of total, depending on bio-oil concentration and power input. The costs of producing stable emulsions using Hypermers (commercial surfactants) were unacceptably high, ranging from for 10% emulsion to for 30% emulsion. However, when the cost of a newly developed proprietary CANMET surfactant was assumed, they could be reduced to for 10% emulsion, for 20% emulsions and for 30% emulsions, respectively.Fuel properties such as heating values, cetane number, viscosity and corrosivity were characterized. The heating value of centrifuged bio-oil was about one third of that of No. 2 diesel, reducing the heating values of emulsions accordingly. A cetane number of pyrolytic bio-oil was 5.6. Emulsion viscosities, particularly in the 10–20% bio-oil concentration range, are substantially lower than the viscosity of bio-oil itself, making these products very easy to handle. The viscosity of emulsion fuels was best described by Einstein's equation for dilute solid dispersions. The corrosivity of emulsion fuels defined by the weight loss of steel is about half of the bio-oil alone.
Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal
The emission norms of diesel engines are turned more stringent due to continuous increasing of environmental pollutants. Thus, global researchers explore to reduce emissions from diesel engines by fulfilling the performance parameters. The major emissions in the diesel engines are the NOx emissions due to the higher combustion temperatures. Generally, dual fuel engines play a vital role in regulating both emission and performance parameters. Diesel engines are converted to dual fuel mode by using the various techniques such as blend, fumigation, and emulsion. Among these, water-diesel emulsion (WiDE) also can lessen the emissions of NOx and other pollutants promptly. It is observed that the combination of emulsified fuel and the gaseous fuels showed a simultaneous improvement in the thermal efficiency and reduction of NOx emissions. Various emulsion preparation techniques and effects of different gaseous fuels used with emulsified fuels in bifuel engines have been reviewed in this paper.
Engine Performance and Emission of Emulsified Biodiesel
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
An emulsion of biodiesel and water is one of the possible approaches that have been used to overcome diesel engine pollution. In this work, the performance and emission characteristics of a 4-cylinder diesel engine using pure diesel, biodiesel B20 and emulsified biodiesel were investigated. Emulsified biodiesel containing 5 % and 10 % water were utilize for the engine tests. During the experimental work, the engine was set-up at 2500 rpm and 20 % to 60 % loads. The result shows the reduction in NOx formation when the water content in emulsified biodiesel increased from 5 % to 10%. For the performance, there were no significant differences between the engine break powers measured for emulsified biodiesel containing 5% water and diesel fuel.