THE PORTUGUESE INFLUENCE IN HOI AN (VIETNAM) IN COMPARISON WITH MALACCA (MALAYSIA) AND AYUTTHAYA (THAILAND) DURING THE 16th AND 17th CENTURIES (original) (raw)
Related papers
Five Hundred Years of Thai- Portuguese Relations: A Festschrift.. Edited by Smithies, Michael. Bangkok: Siam Society., 2011
The paper will examine the transition of Portuguese residents of Ayutthaya from traders to soldiers in the mid-sixteenth century as a result of their mobilisation against the Burmese invaders, to the early seventeenth century. While the details of this transformation and their place in Thai armies is important, one of the key areas to be discussed is how the Portuguese community in Ayutthaya helped to encourage cultural interchange between the Thais and the growing Portuguese maritime world in their respective cultures of warfare.
Itinerario, 2013
Ayutthaya was a key transit port and a centre for the intra-Asian maritime trade in the early modern period. Consequently, Siam's international trade must have been transformed once the maritime trade in Asia changed on a large scale. This essay aims to offer a systematic picture of the changing trend in the maritime trade in the China Sea region, with particular emphasis on Ayutthaya's trade with Japan and China. To this end, the transition of the Siamese trade will be examined from the point of view of regional trade patterns and how these changed from the mid-seventeenth century to the end of the eighteenth century.This essay has two general purposes. First, it provides a multinational perspective for a comparative study of Japan and China's foreign trade. The second is to use this case study of the Siamese trade to examine the hypothesis posed by Leonard Blussé that the eighteenth century should be regarded as a “Chinese century.”Keeping these aims in mind, I shall a...
Journal of World History, 2022
This article analyzes and discusses the modes and forms of cooperation between various groups of foreign nationals sojourning in Ayutthaya during the seventeenth century. It argues that Siamese monarchs' religious and ethnic tolerance toward foreigners as well as the large scope of autonomy they granted to overseas incomers was paralleled by the kings' predatory usage of law and inherently conflictual system of exploitation of foreign merchants that satisfied the court's fiscal needs. In effect, traders residing in Siam reacted by creating among themselves cross-national informal networks and by reaching out to court officials and Buddhist clergy. These networks superseded global conflicts raging between the kingdoms and treading companies (such as Portuguese and Dutch wars and the Dutch East India Company war against Ming loyalists, etc.). Moreover, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, the long-standing cooperation between various nations led to a significant cultural amalgamation and growing uniformization in customs and modes of consumption. Due to the strong state institution and specific multiethnic and multireligious social structure, Ayutthaya provides a fascinating early example of reasons, forms, and limits for social and cultural integration within the globalizing entrepôts of early modern Asia.
The significance of peninsular Siam in the Southeast Asian maritime world
2005
This thesis would not have become possible without the generous financial support of the Anandamahidol Foundation, under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty King Bhumibol of Siam. The foundation has funded me for my study at the University of Hawai'i and for my research. This academic endeavor would not have come to fruition without the patience and unending support of my thesis committee, including Drs. Miriam Stark, James Bayman, and Michael Aung-Thwin. My gratitude also goes to Drs. Leonard Andaya and Dhida Saraya who offered me valuable suggestions on the Southeast Asian maritime interaction. I would particularly like to single out Dr. Miriam Stark, my advisor, for special mentions. The advice and guidance that she has showered upon me during my time at the University of Hawai'i have not only shaped me into a better student, but also groomed me for my life ahead. I am indebted to many people and organizations in Thailand, in particular to Professor Surapol Nathapintu, the Dean of the Faculty of Archaeology of Silpakom University. I am grateful to the Fine Arts Department for making available data of the archaeological sites for this thesis, Research and Development Office of Prince of Songkhla University for the base maps in the thesis, and Walailuk University for the GPS unit used during my survey in Nakhon Si Thammarat. I would like to thank my family for cultivating my interest in archaeology and for their unconditional love. Many thanks are due to all my friends in Hawai'i and Thailand, especially to Nantiya Janchanakit for cartographic assistance, Soon Hock Kang and Koh Keng We for proofreading, Cyril Calugay for stimulating discussions, and Somjat Sukcharem for his support in my survey. Last but not least, I wish to thank Nareerat Leelachat for the everlasting help, hospitality, and encouragement that she has always given to me. Thank you very much. IV 6. The Distribution of the Earliest Vishnu and Buddha Images 67 a. The Earliest Vishnu Images in Peninsular Siam b. The Earliest Buddha Images in Peninsular Siam IV. Data Analysis and Interpretation A. Phase I: The early coastal polities (c. fifth century BC-fifth century AD) 72 1. The Application of a Dual-Processual Theory 75 2. The Application of Peer Polity Interaction B. Phase II: The Early Mandalas (c. fifth century-tenth century AD) Chapter 4: Tambralinga Case Study I. Geographical Overview II. Archaeological Database A. Archaeological Background prior to the Fifth Century AD B. The Early Historic Sites (c. fifth to tenth centuries AD) 1. Methodology 2. The Distribution of Early Historic Sites a. The Group of the Tha Khwai River 104 b. The Group of the Tha Chieo-Tha Thon Rivers 107 c. The Group of the Tha Lat River 112 d. The Group of the Maying River 114 e. The Group of the Haad Sai Keao Sand Dune 118 IV. Interpretation and Discussion 123 A. The Early Mandala of Tambralinga (c. fifth to tenth centuries AD) 123 B. The Inter-Mandala Interaction 135 Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusion Figures Bibliography v 162 164 164 165 166 Figure 43. Vishnu from Satingpra 44. The Yarang Complex 45. Peninsular Siam and Nakhon Si Thammarat 46. Geography ofNakhon Si Thammarat 47. The Nakhon Si Thammarat City and the sand dune 48. The Distribution of Early Historical Sites in Nakhon Si Thammarat 49. The inscription ofHup Khao Chong Koy 50.
Ports, Maritime Networks, and Its Effect on the Development of the Ancient Kingdom of Southeast Asia
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Southeast Asia played an important role in global trade networks from before to the 15th century AD. This article aims to analyze the changes in maritime networks in the classical period of Southeast Asia and their influence on the development of ports and political centers in this region. The research method used is the historical method by utilizing relevant secondary sources. The analysis results show that long before Christ, the Southeast Asian region had become an arena of maritime networks with India and was followed by China at the beginning of the century AD. The sea transportation network connecting India, China, and the Middle East has influenced the growth of ports in Southeast Asia, which has implications for economic development and political power in the classical kingdoms. The initial trading network that China built until the mid-6th century AD gave birth to the development of the Funan kingdom with the port of Oc-Eo. Meanwhile, the China-Malacca Strait direct networ...