The Mass Culture of the Freshwater Rotifers Brachionus Rubens Ehrenberg 1838 Using Different Algal Species Diets (original) (raw)
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Rotifers are valuable live-food for the aquaculture of larval fish and crustaceans, specifically; Brachionus plicatilis is routinely used in marine aquaculture, being fed to more than 60 marine finfish and 18 crustaceans' species. In this study, rotifers B. plicatilis were used at a density of 10 individual per ml and kept in optimum culture conditions (temperature 24±2˚C, salinity 34±2 ppt and illumination of 750 lux for 24h). Four microalgae species; Nannochloropsis oculata, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Tetraselmis suecica and Dunaliella salina were used as feed for rotifer to evaluate the growth rate, fecundity, filtration and ingestion rate of rotifer. This study was divided into two experiments, in the first experiment, unialgal previews species was used as feed for rotifer, each at density (15 x 10 5 cell /ml). In the second experiment, a mixing of N. oculata (7.5 x 10 5 cell/ml) and each of the rest of algal species, each of them at density (7.5 x 10 5 cell/ml). The highest population growth rate (27 Ind. /ml) and fecundity (2 egg/female) of rotifers were noticed in rotifer fed on immotile species N. oculata, and the lowest population growth rate (12 Ind. /ml) and fecundity (0.8 egg / females) were in rotifer fed on motile species T. suecica. The highest filtration (0.0547817 ml/Ind./h) and ingestion rate (99516 cells/ Ind. /h) were observed in rotifer fed on T. suecica, and the lowest filtration (0.0155064 ml/Ind./h) and ingestion rate (10402 cells/ Ind. /h) were in rotifer fed on N. oculata. The result of the present study indicated that the population growth rate and fecundity of rotifer were higher when fed with small algal-cell. On the other hand, the filtration and ingestion rate of rotifer were higher when fed with large algal-cell. The main conclusion of this study indicated that the immotile and small algal species N. oculata is considered the best algal species can improve the rotifer production for marine fish hatcheries.
Potential of Fresh Water Rotifer, B.calyciflorus as Live Feed
2015
Rotifers are the most commonly used fresh zooplankton as live feed for fish larvae cultures and an ideal feed source for large quantity fish cultivation. Where in the rotifers are the proper live feed for the early larviculture cause it guarantees faster growth rates, better health and higher survival rates in fish in the later stages of growth and after their release. The freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calciflorus, in the ideal size range of 180-220 microns and with a high potential for reproduction appears to be an ideal live food for several freshwater species. Brachionus calciflorus is one of the strong against environmental stress and to be able to ingest and survive on a diet of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa. Their successful production is hindered by many factors including adequate supply of food at early larval stages which require live food in good quality and quantity. This paper attempts to review the principles and procedures involved in the culture of the freshwater roti...
The Continuous Culture of Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis with Sea water
Madridge J Aquac Res Dev, 2018
Rotifers are the favourable live food for fish larvae. A steady supply of rotifers is key factor for successful larviculture. The present study aimed to develop a simple zootechnique to reduce labour for high density culture of rotifers. Brachionus plicatilis (inoculation density: 737 ± 80 organisms/ml) were cultured in 100 l plastic, cylindrical tanks using 100% sea water. The water was renewed on every 5th day of culture without any further exchange of water in between. The culture was continued for 32 days. Rotifers were fed with Chlorella spp. at the rate of 200/ml, twice daily. Total 1059 ± 25 organisms/ml was recorded on day-1 of culture. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of rotifers was recorded on day-4 compared to day-1. A 13.12% higher density was recorded on day-8 compared to day-4; the population was reduced 5% on day-12 compared to the previous day. Then the number of rotifer increased gradually. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of rotifer (1798 ± 25/ml) was recorded on day-20 compared to the remaining culture period. A gradual decreasing trend was found thereafter. Still the number of organism was more than 1000/ml.
African Journal of Food Science, 2010
Outdoor cultures of Brachionus quadridentatus raised in 10 m 3 concrete tanks fed on co-cultured three algal species (Chlorella vulgaris, Eudorina elegans and Scenedesmus quadricauda) feed showed statistically significant differences in population biomass growth. Growth of B. quadridentatus feeding on S. quadricauda was significantly greater than when fed on C. vulgaris. No significant differences in growth were observed between Brachionus cultures fed on S. quadricauda and E. elegans and between those fed on C. vulgaris and E. elegans. Daily B. quadridentatus population biomass increase was highest with S. quadricauda, followed by E. elegans and lastly C. vulgaris. B. quadridentatus needed approximately 20, 48 and 63 h, respectively, with C. vulgaris, S. quadricauda and E. elegans, to double its population.
Rotifers as food in aquaculture
Hydrobiologia, 1989
The rotifer Brachionusplicatilis (O.F. Muller) can be mass cultivated in large quantities and is an important live feed in aquaculture. This rotifer is commonly offered to larvae during the first 7-30 days of exogenous feeding. Variation in prey density affects larval fish feeding rates, rations, activity, evacuation time, growth rates and growth efficiencies. B. plicatilis can be supplied at the food concentrations required for meeting larval metabolic demands and yielding high survival rates. Live food may enhance the digestive processes of larval predators. A large range of genetically distinct B. plicatilis strains with a wide range of body size permit larval rearing of many fish species. Larvae are first fed on a small strain of rotifers, and as larvae increase in size, a larger strain of rotifers is introduced. Rotifers are regarded as living food capsules for transferring nutrients to fish larvae. These nutrients include highly unsaturated fatty acids (mainly 20: 5 n-3 and 22: 6 n-3) essential for survival of marine fish larvae. In addition, rotifers treated with antibiotics may promote higher survival rates. The possibility of preserving live rotifers at low temperatures or through their resting eggs has been investigated.
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 1992
Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas f e l o n Dicryospbaerzum chlorelloides were investigated in batch and semicontinuous culture systems. The mean daily roduction was 57.4 and 34.2 mg of rotifers I-'&' (wet weight) respectively and were highly depen&nt o n initial algal cell density. The rotifer fed on algae contained high amounts of linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) and amino acids such as arginine. The suitability of rotifers for gud eon Gobio gobzo L. and perch Percafluviatilis L. larvae during their early feeding stage was investigatei. After a 10-day experiment, larvae fed with rotifers grew significantly faster than those fed on micro-encapsulated dry food. The best food conversion and protein efficiency ratio were observed with the larvae fed with rotifers. Combining rotifers with micro-encapsulated dry food better improved growth rate and food utilization in perch than did the dry food alone.
Tropical life sciences research, 2018
is used to feed fish and crustacean larvae in the aquaculture industry. It is well established that the type of microalgae may influence rotifer production. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of five different locally available microalgae species at Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), Kampung Pulau Sayak, Kedah, Malaysia on the instantaneous growth rate (μ) of rotifer. sp., sp., sp., sp., and sp. were used as feed at different algae densities (0.1, 0.3, 0.7 and 1.5 × 10 cells/ml) and culture volumes (20, 70 and 210 ml). At algae densities ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 × 10 cells/ml, an average μ value of more than 0.90 per day were recorded for all algae species. However, at density of 0.1 × 10 cells/ml, only sp. resulted in the significantly highest μ value compared with others ( < 0.05). In terms of volume, smaller culture volume of sp. (20 ml) showed significantly higher μ compared with higher volume (70 and 210 ml cultures).
The bottle neck of most inland freshwater aquaculturists is in obtaining adequate number of fingerlings, due to their high mortality at early life stages. Their successful production is hindered by many factors including adequate supply of food at early larval stages which require live food in good quality and quantity. This paper attempts to review the principles and procedures involved in the culture of the freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus as starter food for most freshwater fish fry. There are several strains of different sizes of this rotifer, thus making them suitable for fry of a variety of sizes. This rotifer can be isolated, continuously produced by batch culture and 'feed back' culture systems. It can be fortified with diets containing highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) for high survival and overall high growth and performance in several fish species including endangered and some problematic species. In spite of attempts to replace rotifer with more accessible formulated diets they will probably maintain their role as food organism for fish larvae of various species.
Aquaculture Research, 2002
The ability for food selectivity of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was studied in the laboratory by feeding mixtures of microalgae with various cell volumes. Chlorella sp. (%22 mm 3 ) was the reference algal species, and Asteromonas gracilis, (Chlorophyta) (%2150 mm 3 ), Tetraselmis suesica (%268 mm 3 ), Dunaliella salina (%52 mm 3 ) and Chaetoceros sp. (%150 mm 3 ) the experimental species. Each was mixed with Chlorella and fed in three experiments. In the first experiment, filtration and ingestion rates of rotifers each fed with algae revealed that the highest values were measured with the mixture of Chlorella Asteromonas, and the lowest for Chlorella Chaetoceros. In the second and the third experiments, by using several combinations of algal densities with the mixture of Chlorella Asteromonas, a selectivity ability of the rotifers for Asteromonas was found. A hypothesis is presented that accounts for the preference of rotifers for Asteromonas, which is suggested as a new candidate species for use in live food production of fish hatcheries.