Appraisal of Antibiotic Prescribing Profile of Patients sent for Laboratory Investigations in a Tertiary Hospital, Jos -Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
Central African Journal of Public Health, 2020
Background: In hospitals, antibiotics are one of the most prescribed drug classes. The purpose of this study was to describe the extent and factors associated with the prescription of antibiotics in the Internal Medicine Department of Donka National Hospital. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 30, 2018 to January 31, 2019 among prescribers and patients hospitalized or seen on an outpatient basis. Data were collected by direct interview and through patient records. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with antibiotic prescribing. Results: Out of a total of 400 consultants, 82 (21%) patients received antibiotic therapy. Beta-lactam antibiotics were the most prescribed antibiotic (45%) and urogenital infections (24.3%) were the most common indication. In univariate analysis, the consultation by a trainee physician [OR = 3.06 (95% CI: 1.56-6)] was associated with a prescription for antibiotics. Students/students [OR = 1.85 (95%
The discovery of antibiotics towards mid-20th Century was a breakthrough for the treatment of most of the acute & chronic diseases caused by bacterial infections in humans . Since their discovery, the world has seen some deadly diseases caused by bacteria’s being completely wiped away or reduced to insignificant levels. The set back with antibiotics use has been the emergence of resistance each time there is successful use of the drug (antibiotics) towards a particular disease . The development of resistance by most bacteria has mainly been credited to man’s overuse of antibiotics . Inadequate knowledge on proper antibiotics usage both to health care providers and patients is highly contributing to the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacterial species. Substantial achievement in the prevention and control of antibiotics resistance can be realised by coming up with resolutions and commendations on how to halt antibacterial resistance development in places like hospitals . This research will focus on the inpatient prescription patterns of antibiotics in inpatients at Zomba central & Thyolo district hospital in the southern part of Malawi. A prospective qualitative and quantitative study design will be employed. The study will be done on patients who are on antibiotic therapy admitted in male and female medical wards. The broad objective of the study will be to find out the rationality of antibiotics use on inpatients admitted in medical wards. Data to be collected during the study include; demographics, sensitivity test done in patients on antibiotics therapy, average number of antibiotics prescribed per hospitalization, expenditure for prescribed antibiotics as a percentage of all medicines prescribed during hospitalization and the consumption patterns of the antibiotics. A case chart list designed by World Health Organization (WHO) will be used to collect the above data. The findings from the study will be presented to the pharmacy department and disseminated to our research supervisor, the College of Medicine research and ethics committee (COMREC), College of Medicine (COM) library, and Malawi ministry of health (MMoH). The results from this study will be important as it will help to facilitate the appropriate actions by, pharmacists, policy makers and other health workers in order to minimize the emergence and spread of antibiotics resistance through institutionalization of antibacterial stewardship program, encouraging prescribing and dispensing antibiotics only when they are needed, and prescribing and dispensing the right antibiotic drugs to treat the illness.
2020
Background: Antibiotic abuse has been a major problem which needs to be controlled in all hospitals all over the world. Antibiotics have been prescribed irrationally without performing culture sensitivity tests, further giving rise to a much dangerous problem “Antibiotic Resistance”. This present study aims to assess the antibiotics practice in prescription and investigates if the current prescription patterns are meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria. Method: We have conducted a prospection observational study in General Medicine Department of tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad for over 6 months. A total of 250 patients were involved in the study and the data was extracted from medical case sheets and medication charts. Results: The ratio of females was more when compared to males in antibiotic prescription and most of the patients were in the age group of >60 years. More number of patients were not associated with any comorbidity. Most frequently prescribed anti...
Aim:of the study is to monitor and assess the prescribing patterns of antibiotics in a tertiary care teaching hospital by using WHO prescribing indicators in RIMS Hospital, Kadapa. Objectives: To assess the prescribing patterns of antibiotic in General medicine population by using WHO prescribing indicators. To know the common diseases and common class of antibiotic prescribed and their indication for Therapy and to evaluate number of single or Combination of antibiotic in the prescription. Methods and Materials: This is a prospective study observational study done from august to January from general medicine department of RIMS, kadapa. The data will be collected from Inpatients department in RIMS government hospital, Kadapa. Demographics characteristics of the patient from the case sheets. Data would be collected from case notes and personnel interview of the subjects who are included in the study at General medicine I.P department. Microsoft excel is used for recording and analysing the data of recruited subjects, and the results were applied in percentage. Results: A total on of 300 patients included in our study, the percentage of male and female were 54.0% and 46.0% respectively. Data was collected using patient case sheets, and direct patient interviews. Information on antibiotic prescription in the study Cephalosporin antibiotics 192 (33.9%) were most frequently prescribed antibiotics followed by Penicillin's 125(22.1%).101(17.8%) were of Macrolide's 56(9.9%) were of Tetracycline's 50(8.89%) were of Fluroquinolones. In this study we observe that most of the drugs prescribed in the form of injections (64%) followed by tablets (38%) and capsule (2.1) % of the total 300 prescriptions, 124 (42%) prescription with antibiotic dual therapy,112 (37%) prescription with antibiotic monotherapy,64(21%) prescription with three or more than three antibiotic agents were observed. Conclusion: In our study we observed COPD disease most common disease. Cephalosporins were most commonly prescribed class of antibiotics. Among them ceftriaxone was most prescribed antibiotics. Generic prescribing was comparatively higher and mainly prescribed from Essential Drug List. The parenteral use of antibiotics administration was markedly higher. Strict adherence to the prescription policy can significantly overcome the overuse of antibiotics and reduce the development of resistance to antibiotics.
Infection and Drug Resistance, 2020
Background: Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is a universal public health problem, leading to antibiotic resistance. Understanding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics is crucial to tackling irrational prescription. Yet, comprehensive studies regarding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among inpatients and the need for an Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) are lacking in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns of antibiotics and the need for an ASP. Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was carried out from February 2019 to December 2019. This study was conducted among patients admitted to Aksum University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a data abstraction format generated by World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25.0. Results: A total of 1653 antibiotics were prescribed for 822 inpatients. Overall, 52.3% of patients had at least one oral and/or injectable antibiotic prescribed, for a mean duration of 4.2 (SD=2.3) days. The average number of prescribed antibiotics per patient was 2.01 (SD=1.9). The majority (97.6%) of antibiotics were prescribed by their generic name, and all prescribed antibiotics were from the national Essential Medicine List (EML). Frequently prescribed injectable and oral antibiotics were ceftriaxone (24.5%) and azithromycin (12.9%), respectively. Culture and sensitivity testing were not performed in any of the cases. During the study period, 65.2% of key antibiotics were available in stock. Conclusion: In this study, more than half of patients were on at least one antibiotic, and all antibiotics were prescribed from the national EML. However, all antibiotics were prescribed empirically. This result shows that the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in the hospital deviates from and is non-compliant with the standard endorsed by WHO. This study provides evidence for the necessity and a way forward for the establishment of an ASP in the hospital that may help to introduce the prescribing of antibiotics with the aid of culture and sensitivity tests, and to develop institutional guidelines.
The burden of antibiotic resistance in the hospitals and communities is progressively worsening hence the critical need to put into practice all the key components of rational use of antibiotics in our daily patient interactions. This paper aims to highlight the problem of antibiotic resistance, the importance of rational use of antibiotics and to show an on the spot sketch of the antibiotic use pattern among in-patients in the children wards in a tertiary hospital. Methodology: A brief review of the existing literature on antibiotic resistance and the rational use of antibiotics was done. A one-day cross-sectional point prevalence study was conducted in the children wards in UPTH and all children receiving antibiotics on that day, identified. The prevalence of antibiotic use was determined by dividing the number of inpatients on antibiotics at the time of the survey by the total number of patients on admission. Data were presented in percentages using pie and bar charts. Results: There were a total of 40 children on admission in the paediatric wards with a Male: Female ratio of 1.2:1. 34 (85.0%) of the children on admission were receiving at least one antibiotic. The most common route of administration of the antibiotics was the intravenous route (94.1%). The five most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the children medical wards and the emergency ward were Ceftriaxone, Gentamycin, Cefuroxime, Metronidazole and Crystalline penicillin, while the five Chioma; IJTDH, 41(14): 39-47, 2020; Article no.IJTDH.61194 40 most common antibiotics prescribed in the special care baby unit were Gentamycin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Metronidazole and Ofloxacin. Only 10 (29.4%) out of children receiving antibiotics had a microbiology culture result available, and 4 were receiving antibiotics in line with the culture sensitivity pattern. Two (5.9%) children had a multidrug-resistant infection. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of antibiotic use among inpatients and low utilization of microbiology culture results in the choice of antibiotics in a tertiary hospital in Southsouth Nigeria. Antibiotic prescribing patterns among healthcare workers should be improved upon by training and retraining of personnel as well as strict adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines.
Infection and Drug Resistance, 2020
Background: Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is a universal public health problem, leading to antibiotic resistance. Understanding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics is crucial to tackling irrational prescription. Yet, comprehensive studies regarding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among inpatients and the need for an Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) are lacking in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns of antibiotics and the need for an ASP. Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was carried out from February 2019 to December 2019. This study was conducted among patients admitted to Aksum University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a data abstraction format generated by World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25.0. Results: A total of 1653 antibiotics were prescribed for 822 inpatients. Overall, 52.3% of patients had at least one oral and/or injectable antibiotic prescribed, for a mean duration of 4.2 (SD=2.3) days. The average number of prescribed antibiotics per patient was 2.01 (SD=1.9). The majority (97.6%) of antibiotics were prescribed by their generic name, and all prescribed antibiotics were from the national Essential Medicine List (EML). Frequently prescribed injectable and oral antibiotics were ceftriaxone (24.5%) and azithromycin (12.9%), respectively. Culture and sensitivity testing were not performed in any of the cases. During the study period, 65.2% of key antibiotics were available in stock. Conclusion: In this study, more than half of patients were on at least one antibiotic, and all antibiotics were prescribed from the national EML. However, all antibiotics were prescribed empirically. This result shows that the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in the hospital deviates from and is non-compliant with the standard endorsed by WHO. This study provides evidence for the necessity and a way forward for the establishment of an ASP in the hospital that may help to introduce the prescribing of antibiotics with the aid of culture and sensitivity tests, and to develop institutional guidelines.
An assessment of the quality of antibiotic prescription in Katutura health centre, Khomas region
Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Research, 2018
Background: Although the discovery of antibiotics revolutionized medicine and reduced mortality and morbidity rates, antibiotic resistance is a threat to these advances in medicine as infections are again rendered untreatable and causing a significant number of deaths worldwide. The Namibian Standard Treatment Guidelines which if followed, would standardize treatment of conditions in the country according to acceptable guidelines, preventing inappropriate and unnecessary prescriptions of medicines, serve as current prescription guidelines. The hypothesis of the researcher was that prescribers are frequently non-compliant to the Namibian Standard Treatment Guidelines. Methodology: Katutura Health Centre was the chosen representative facility and prescriptions were evaluated and compliance to the Namibian Standard Treatment Guidelines was assessed as well as the qualification of the prescriber, the diagnoses made and the antibiotics prescribed. Patient passports were screened at the dispensing points and details were recorded concerning antibiotic prescriptions. The data was evaluated for Namibian Standard Treatment Guidelines compliance and entered into EpiInfo version 7.1.1.14 and analysed. Results and Discussion: Prescribers were 51% compliant. Medical Officers wrote 66% of the prescriptions, Registered nurses 23% and Enrolled nurses 11%, with a compliance rate of 50%, 66% and 23% respectively. Respiratory and urogenital conditions were most prevalent and had poor compliance. Commonly prescribed antibiotics were Amoxicillin, Azithromycin and Metronidazole with respective rates of 46.25%, 23.08% and 13.29% for the three respectively. This correlates with a study done in Namibia, stating that the three most commonly indicated antibiotics in the NSTG were Cotrimoxazole, Amoxicillin and Azithromycin (CAA) at 49.3%.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2009
The overall goal of this study is to reduce morbidity and mortality ascribable to bacterial infections by encouraging rational use of antibiotics. Antibiotics use prior to and prescriptions of antibiotics by the attending physicians were evaluated in a group of patients attending a secondary health facility. A quasi-exit interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The major presenting symptoms were sought from patients and/or parents and/or guardians; drug history was taken and doctors’ prescriptions were copied onto an already prepared format. All data were entered into EPI-INFO version 6 for analyses. The mean age of patients who were enrolled was 14 ± 16.96 [range: 0.08-78 years] but males patients were statistically younger than females: respectively 9.94 ± 15.48 years (0.08-78 years) and 18.43 ±17.10 years (range: 0.08 ‐ 70 years); F: 122 P< 0.00. Pre-hospital use of antibiotics was documented in about a third of all the patients and cotrimoxazole was the most ...