Changes in nutritional status associated with obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage in rats1'2 (original) (raw)
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Changes in nutritional status associated with obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage in rats
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1986
Effect of bile duct ligation (BDL) and internal biliary drainage on food intake and nutritional status was studied in rats and compared with sham and pair-fed animals. During week 1, food intake of BDL animals was reduced (p less than 0.05), resulting in weight loss (p less than 0.05). In weeks 2 and 3, food intake, nitrogen balance, and weight gain were similar in all groups. Internal biliary drainage or sham operation after 3 wk produced transient changes in food intake and N2 balance. Serum albumin fell in all groups, returned to normal in sham (3.2 +/- 0.1 g/dl) and pair-fed (3.1 +/- 0.1 g/dl), but persisted in BDL rats (2.4 +/- 0.2 g/dl, p less than 0.001). Jaundice was associated with anemia. Although BDL produces transient changes in food intake, weight gain, and N2 balance, anorexia and malnutrition are not features of this animal model. Nutritional risk factors associated with hyperbilirubinemia are probably due to changes in intermediary metabolism.
Effective Treatment of Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia With Oral Bile Salts in Gunn Rats
Gastroenterology, 2009
We tested the hypothesis that oral administration of bile salts, which are known to increase the biliary excretion of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), decreases unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn rat model. Methods: Adult Gunn rats were fed a standard diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.5 weight % ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or cholic acid (CA) for 1 or 6 weeks. UCB and urobilinoids, a family of intestinal UCB breakdown products, were determined in plasma, feces, or both. After 6 weeks of treatment, tracer 3 H-UCB was administered intravenously to determine steady-state UCB kinetics over the next 60 hours. Results: One-week treatment with UDCA or CA decreased plasma UCB concentrations by 21% and 30%, respectively (each P < .01). During the first 4 days of treatment, both UDCA and CA increased the combined fecal excretion of UCB and urobilinoids (؉52% and ؉32%, respectively; each P < .01). Prolongation of treatment to 6 weeks caused a persistent decrease in plasma UCB concentrations to ϳ40% below baseline (each bile salt P < .001). 3 H-UCB kinetic studies showed that UDCA and CA administration decreased UCB pool size (؊33% and ؊32%, respectively; each P < .05) and increased UCB fractional turnover (؉33% and ؉25%, respectively; each P < .05). Conclusions: Dietary bile salt administration induces a large, persistent decrease in plasma UCB concentrations in Gunn rats. Both UDCA and CA enhance UCB turnover by increasing its fecal disposal. These results support the application of oral bile salt treatment in patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Total parenteral nutrition solution increases bile lithogenicity in rat
Journal of Surgical Research, 1982
The effect of parenteral and enteral nutrition on bile composition was studied in rats. Bile flow, bile fractional composition, bile component output, and lithogenic index were determined in five groups of rats: (A) preoperative control, (B) freely feeding rats infused with normal saline, (C) parenterally fed rats with balanced total parenteral nutrition (TPN) formula (4% amino acids, 22.5% dextrose, 1% Intralipid), (D) constantly intragastrically fed rats with the same TPN formula, and (E) rats fed intragastrically with the same TPN formula but only during 10 hr at night. After 12 days of infusion, bile and blood were collected. There were no differences between the two parenterally and enterally continuously fed groups. Both Groups C and D showed decreased bile flow, decreased bile components output, increased molar percentage concentrations of biliary cholesterol (2.2 +-0.3 and 1.8 k 0.1 in Groups C and D, respectively, control, 1.4 + 0.1). and increased lithogenic index. The cyclically enterally fed group had a normal lithogenic index in the postabsorptive period. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in the formula fed groups. There were no changes in plasma liver function tests between the groups. We conclude, therefore, that continuous administration of TPN solution induces an increase in lithogenicity of the bile, independent of the route of administration.
Fat Absorption and Metabolism in Bile Duct Ligated Rats
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2001
Background: Bile excretion is obstructed in children with extrahepatic bile duct atresia (EHBA) resulting in fat malabsorption and disturbed lipid metabolism. Aim: Investigate if the bile duct ligated rat exhibits similar deviations as patients with EHBA under different feeding conditions. Methods: 6 bile duct ligated Wistar rats and 12 matched paired controls were randomised over 3 feeding groups. Rats were killed 16 or 30 days postsurgery. Faeces, blood and livers were collected. Fat absorption was evaluated, markers for cholestasis and the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids (PL) and cholesterol esters (CE) were determined. Fatty acid desaturation activities in liver microsomes were measured. Results: Cholestatic bile duct ligated rats have a lower fat absorption coefficient and a lower fraction of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in serum triglycerides than their controls. This demonstrates that bile duct ligated rats suffer from fat malabsorption. In contrast to the observations in serum triglycerides, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 were not reduced in serum PL and CE of cholestatic rats. Overflow of 18:2n-6 rich biliary PL in the general circulation could contribute to this observation. In agreement with what was found in man, serum PL of cholestatic rats have a higher 16:0/18:0 ratio, increased monoenes and reduced unsaturated fatty acids. However, no differences were observed in microsomal desaturation activities. Conclusion: Cholestatic bile duct ligated rats exhibit similar deviations in serum fatty acid composition as found in patients with EHBA, therefore they can be used as a model for this human disease.
British Journal of Surgery, 1990
Renal failure complicating obstructive jaundice (OJ) is probably linked to reduction of the extracellular water compartment. To elucidate the mechanism by which OJ leads to isotonic water depletion we studied a group of rabbits with OJ after common bile duct ligation (n = 17) and another group of sham operated rabbits (n = 14) for 10 days. Water intake and balance for two study periods (1–4 and 7–10 days after operation) were calculated. Renal function, sodium balance and plasma atrial natriuretic factor were determined on the fourth and tenth days after operation. Water intake and balance were lower in the OJ group both in the first study period (230 versus 519 ml/days 1–4, P<0–001; and—2·4 versus 279 ml/days 1–4, P < 0·0001 respectively) and in the second study period (260 versus 865 ml/days 7–10, P< 0·0001; and 11 versus 379 ml/days 7–10, P< 0·000 7 respectively). Sodium intake was negligible in the OJ group both on day four (0·73 versus 7·75 mM/24 h, P<0·0001) and...