Prosiding Production Of Liquid Fuel From Plastic Waste Polipropylene kecil (original) (raw)
Related papers
2023
The conversion is accomplished by pyrolyzing plastic bag waste at relatively low temperatures, around 50-225 O C, and using a bentonite catalyst. The four products are alternative oils consisting of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and non-condensable gas. The pyrolysis procedure is as follows: (a). 3 kg of chopped plastic waste mixed with a mass fraction of bentonite catalyst of around 0.035-0.0125 of the weight of plastic waste and then put into the pyrolysator; (b). the pyrolysator is heated with 1.5 kg of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) for 2-3 hours at a temperature ranging from 50-225 o C; (c). pyrolysis results are stored separately in 3 pots: gasoline, kerosene, and diesel; (d). to clarify pyrolysis results by adsorption using a sand filter. The variables studied were the polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) plastic materials type and the effect of the mass fraction of bentonite catalyst ranging from 0.035 to 0.125. The research obtained relatively good results as follows. Pyrolysis of 3 kg of PP plastic waste with the mass fraction catalyst of 0.100 yielded 44.00% alternative gasoline, 10.76% alternative kerosene, 21.07% alternative diesel, and the remaining non-condensable gases. The flash (ASTM D7094) points of alternative gasoline, alternative kerosene, and alternative diesel are 84˚C, 68˚C, and 100˚C, respectively. The calorific value of each fuel product is 10,970 cal/g for alternative gasoline, 10,965 cal/g for alternative kerosene, and 10,816 cal/g for alternative diesel. In addition, the pyrolysis of PE plastic waste with the mass fraction of catalyt of 0.100 produced a yield of 27.65% for alternative gasoline, 17.11% for alternative kerosene, and 43.79% for alternative diesel, and the remaining was non-condensable gases. The respective flash points (ASTM D7094) of alternative gasoline, alternative kerosene, and alternative diesel are 84˚C, 70˚C, and 98˚C. The calorific values are alternative gasoline 10,979 cal/g, alternative kerosene 11,008 cal/g, and alternative diesel 11,027 cal/g.
Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis
2020
Plastics have become an indispensable part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299million tones in 2013, which is believed to be increasing in the near future. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose a tremendous negative significance impacts on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid activated clay mineral and aluminum chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: the first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst where 88mL oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39 ℃ and heating rates of 12.5℃/minutes, reaction time of 4hours. The second phase involves the use of acid activated clay mineral where 100mL of oil was obtained and heating rates of 12.5℃/minutes and reaction time of 3hours 30minutes. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon and 105ml oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 400℃ and heating rates of 15.5℃ reaction time of 3hours 10minutes. From the results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminum chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.
ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan, 1970
The aim of this project work is to convert waste plastics into useful fuel range hydrocarbon mixture. The catalytic cracking process of polypropylene plastic waste (mineral water cup) was performed in a fixedbed reactor with bentonite catalyst, at five temperatures ranging from 150 to 350 °C with percent catalyst of 4%.The amounts of liquid fuel produced, as well as the compositions of the resulting liquid fuel, were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The influences of cracking parameters, such as temperature and catalyst mass, on product yields were investigated. The optimum conditions cracking of polypropylene plastics waste with bentonite as catalyst is at temperature of 350 °C with 4% catalyst mass or 20 grams. The highest liquid yield (41.5%) was obtained using 20 gram Bentonite catalyst at 350 °C. The highest percent composition of C 6 H 14 , C 7 H 16 and C 8 H 18 in liquid product is 16.92%, 18.48%, and 12.22% respectively at temperature of 350 °C. Results from this research are expected to provide benefits in terms of producing a type of fuel oil that can be used as petroleum substitution, resolve the fossil fuel energy crisis and enhance the environment's quality by decreasing the amount of plastic waste that has been a huge concern because of its undegradable characteristic
Conversion of waste polypropylene plastic into fuel
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019
Plastic is made from wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects. The yearly use of plastics in Bangladesh has grown to 12,00,000 metric tons in 2018. A part of it is recycled but Bangladesh still generates 8,00,000 tons of plastic wastes every year. Disposal of plastic is of great environmental concern now-a-days, as it seizes centuries to decompose if left at its own. Conversion of waste plastic to fuel oil mitigates both plastic pollution problem and fuel crisis. This study focuses on the thermal degradation of polypropylene plastic wastes by pyrolysis process without any catalyst to produce fuel oil. A small scale batch type set up was built to perform thermal degradation of plastic. Polypropylene plastic wastes were cleaned, shredded and pyrolysed from 300-400°C for 60 minutes in this setup. The yield products were liquid fuel oil, gas and black solid plastic residue. These pyrolysed products were collected and characterized by different experimental and analytical methods. The conversion efficiency of oil achieved by the set up was 78% by mass. 73% plastic waste volume reduction was obtained by converting it into fuel oil from solid waste. Equivalent energy output calculated from measured heating value of pyrolytic oil which was obtained from 60 minutes pyrolysis was 12.8MJ/kg. Properties of the fuel oil produced such as-calorific value, viscosity, density, flash point and water content were measured and all of these properties were found to be very close to that of diesel and octane.The products obtained have potential values for further use as fuel oil, lubricating oil, diesel supplement etc which may provide solution as alternative energy resource.
Plastics have become an indispensable part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299million tones in 2013, which is believed to be increasing in the near future. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose a tremendous negative significance impacts on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for production of hydrocarbon fuel from the polyethene plastic wastes. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid activated clay mineral and aluminum chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: the first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst where 88mL oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39 and heating rates of 12.5, reaction time of 4hours. The second phase involves the use of acid activated clay mineral where 100mL of oil was obtained and heating rates of 12.5 and reaction time of 3hours 30minutes. The third phase was done using aluminum chlorides on activated carbon and 105ml oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 400 and heating rates of 15.5 reaction time of 3hours 10minutes. From the results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminum chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.
Pyrolysis process to produce fuel from different types of plastic – a review
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
Fast exhaustion of oil resources and increase in energy demand have focused the researchers to find alternate ways to produce high quality oils that could replace fossil fuels. The idea of waste to energy recovery is one of the promising techniques for managing the waste plastic. Waste plastics are attractive for energy conversion because of their high heat of combustion and bulk availability. Exponential rate of increase in plastic production happens in every year due to the wide range of plastic appliances in domestic as well as industrial purposes. The drastic increase in the plastics production naturally lead to large amount of plastic waste that endangers the environment because of their disposal problems. The conversion of plastic to high quality liquid oil through pyrolysis process is highly advisable as the oil produced has high calorific value than that of commercial fuel. This paper describes commonly used verities of plastics and potential of pyrolysis process to produce fuel using them.
Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics into Fuels
Waste plastic disposal and excessive use of fossil fuels have caused environment concerns in the world. Both plastics and petroleum derived fuels are hydrocarbons that contain the elements of carbon and hydrogen. The difference between them is that plastic molecules have longer carbon chains than those in LPG, petrol, and diesel fuels. Therefore, it is possible to convert waste plastic into fuels.
Pyrolysis is one method to solve problem of plastic waste management to convert plastic waste into liquid fuel to reduce plastic waste. The purpose of this study is to produce liquid fuel from polypropylene plastic waste and also improving of the quality of the liquid fuel through the adsorption process and also characterization of bentonite and activated carbon as the adsorbent. The pyrolysis have done at 200-270 o C for 4-9 hours. The mixture of bentonite and activated carbon are used and activated with KOH and H3PO4. The ratio of the mixture bentonite and activated carbon were 40%:60%, 55%:45% and 85%:15% for KOH as activator and 25%:75% and 75%:25% for H3PO4. The pyrolysis results of 5 kg clear PP produced 310 mL of liquid fuel, while 6 kg color PP produce 320 ml of liquid fuel. The GC-MS analysis result that the carbon chain of the liquid fuel is in the range of C8-C12. The caloric value is 45,032 J/kg for liquid fuel from clear PP and 45,542 KJ/Kg for color PP. The adsorption results showed that an increase in liquid fuel calorific value. The highest increase was 4.45% i.e. liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 85%:15% activated with KOH. While the value of sulfur content is reduced, the highest reduction was 32.5% which is liquid fuel from clear PP with variation of bentonite and activated carbon was 70%:30% activated with H3PO4. The characterization of bentonite using XRD and SEM show that the compound is calcite (CaCO3) and some element such as carbon, calcium, rubidium, Iridium, thallium, and arsenic and the structure of activated carbon from palm shell is amorphous compounds SiO2.