Comparison of Electrophysical Properties of PZT-Type Ceramics Obtained by Conventional and Mechanochemical Methods (original) (raw)
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Electrophysical Properties of PZT-Type Ceramics Obtained by Two Sintering Methods
Applied Sciences
This study demonstrates the impact of two sintering techniques on the fundamental properties of doped PZT-type ceramic materials (with Mn4+, Sb3+, Gd3+, and W6+), with the general chemical formula Pb(Zr0.49Ti0.51)0.94Mn0.021Sb0.016Gd0.012W0.012O3. The synthesis of ceramic powders was carried out through the calcination method. Two different methods were used in the final sintering process: (i) pressureless sintering (PS) and (ii) hot pressing (HP). The PZT-type ceramics were subjected to electrophysical measurements, encompassing various analyses such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructure (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), ferroelectric and dielectric properties, and DC electrical conductivity. The analysis of the crystal structure at room temperature showed that the material belongs to the perovskite structure from the tetragonal phase (P4mm space group) without foreign phases. Both sintering methods ensure obtaining the material with appropriate dielectric and ferroelectri...
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2019
In the paper, the multi-component PZT-type ceramics doped with Mn 4+ , Sb 3+ , W 6+ and Ni 2+ were investigated. The following chemical composition was selected: Pb(Zr 0.49 Ti 0.51) 0.94 Mn 0.01 Sb 0.03 W 0.015 Ni 0.01 O 3. The ceramic powders were synthesized by two methods: (i) the classical technological method using powder calcination and (ii) mechanochemical synthesis at room temperature. Densification of the powders (sintering) was carried by free sintering method. In the case of the mechanochemical activation, the development of the synthesis has been monitored by XRD and SEM investigations after different milling periods (25 h, 50 h and 75 h). From the obtained powder, the bulk ceramic samples have been prepared by uniaxial pressing and subsequent sintering. The ceramic multi-component PZT-type samples were characterized in wide temperature range by DTA, TG, DC electrical conductivity, XRD, SEM and EDS (energy-dispersive spectrometry) methods, and their ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were studied. At the work, a comparison of test results for samples obtained by two methods was made. The X-ray investigations confirmed that the obtained material exhibits a perovskite-like structure with a tetragonal phase (close to the morphotropic area). The detailed results of the multi-component PZT-type ceramics predispose these materials in microelectronic applications, for example, as element of the actuators and piezoelectric transducers. The application of the mechanochemical synthesis to obtain the PZT-type materials allows to shorten the time of the technological process, and at the same time not to reduce the electrophysical properties of ceramic samples.
Modelling, Measurement and Control C
In this contribution, (0.80-x)Pb(Cr 1/5 ,Ni 1/5 ,Sb 3/5)O 3-xPbTiO 3-0.20PbZrO 3 perovskite ceramics namely PZT-CNS were prepared by solid state reaction method. The obtained samples have been characterized by different techniques including XRD, density test, SEM analysis, and Dielectric measurements in order to investigate the effects of sintering temperature and titanium content on microstructure and dielectric properties. The obtained experimental results have been reported and well discussed.
Effects BNT compound incorporated on structure and electrical properties of PZT ceramic
Current Applied Physics, 2011
Ferroelectric ceramics with formula Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 /x(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (when x ¼ 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 wt%) were prepared by a solid-state mixed-oxide method and sintered at the temperature between 1050 and 1200 C for 2 h to obtain dense ceramics. It was found that the optimum sintering temperature was 1200 C at which all the samples had relative density at least 96% of their theoretical values. Phase analysis using X-ray diffraction showed tetragonal and rhombohedral perovskite structure of PZT with no BNT peak detected, indicating that completed solid solutions occurred for all compositions. Scanning electron micrographs of fractured PZT/BNT ceramics showed equiaxed grain shape with mixed-mode of transgranular and intergranular fractures. Addition of BNT significantly decreased grain size of the PZT ceramic. Measurement of room temperature dielectric constant indicated a gradual increase with increasing BNT content. Results of ferroelectric characterization showed a slight decrease of remanent polarization and coercive field for BNT-added samples, suggesting ceramics which could be easily poled. Good piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ) could be maintained and comparable to that of pure PZT ceramic for the sample with 1.0 wt% BNT addition.
Effect of Nb, Ta and Sb Addition on Structure and Electrical Properties of PZT Ceramics
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019
In this study, the effect of Nb, Ta and Sb addition on the structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5)O 3 ceramics in the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region were investigated. Powders of pure PZT, PZT + 0.1 mol% Nb, PZT + 0.1mol% Ta and PZT + 0.1mol% Sb were synthesized by conventional mixed oxide method via a vibro-milling technique. All compositions of powders were uniaxially pressed in pellets and sintered at the temperature of 1275°C for 2h. Phase formation, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of ceramics were characterized by XRD, LCR meter and modified Sawyer-Tower Circuit respectively.
Mechanochemical synthesis of PZT powders
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2003
PZT ceramic powders were successfully prepared from the mixture of PbO, ZrO 2 and TiO 2 by mechanochemical synthesis in a planetary ball mill, under different milling conditions. Phase evolution during synthesis was monitored by X-ray diffraction analysis. Intensive milling resulted in formation of the nanocrystalline, perovskite PZT powders after 1 h of milling. This is a significant improvement in comparison to milling conditions reported by other authors. Depending on milling parameters the presence of some other phases, such as unreacted ZrO 2 , was also detected in some samples. The changes in powder size and morphology due to intensive milling, were determined by SEM and TEM, while BET analysis was used to determine specific surface area of the powders. Conclusions about processes taking place during mechanochemical synthesis of PZT powders were made based on the results of characterization. #
Materials Sciences and Applications, 2013
The structural and electrical properties of Pb[Zr x Ti 0.95−x (Mo 1/3 In 2/3) 0.05 ]O 3 piezoelectric ceramics system with the composition near the morphotropic phase boundary were investigated as a function of the Zr/Ti ratio. Studies were performed on the samples prepared by the conventional method of thermal synthesis of mixed oxides. The materials structure was investigated by X-ray diffractometry to demonstrate the coexistence of the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. In the present system, the MPB, in which the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases coexist, is in a composition range of 0.47 ≤ x ≤ 0.50. The lattice constants of the a and c axes for the samples were calculated from the XRD patterns. Microstructure of the sintered ceramics was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of free surfaces specimens. The relative permittivity, dielectric dissipation, piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling factor reach at maximum value x = 0.49 (ε r = 7300.345 (at the Curie temperature), tanδ = 0.002050, d 31 = 94.965 PC/N and k p = 0.513 and a Curie temperature of 430˚C). These properties are very promising for applications in ultrasonic motors.
Low temperature sintering of PZT ceramics without additives via an ordinary ceramic route
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2005
Low temperature sintering of PZT ceramics without additives was investigated using a fine powder obtained by the ordinal ball milling process. The starting commercial PZT ceramic powder with the composition of Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48)O 3 of average grain size of 0.5 µm is effectively ground in a ball mill using zirconia balls of 3 mm in diameter in isopropyl alcohol containing an organic surfactant. Its particle size reaches less than 0.2 µm after 48 h grinding. It is dried, added with a PVB binder, pressed, and sintered in air for 2 h from 950°C to 1200 °C. The bulk density and dielectric constant of the PZT ceramics sintered at 1000 °C reach 7.85 g/cm 3 and 1566, respectively, sufficiently high for industrial applications. PZT ceramics sintered at 1000 °C and those sintered at 1100 °C exhibited the electromechanical coupling factors (kp) of 60% and 69%, respectively.
Effects of the Addition of Ions Barium on the Structural and Electrical Properties of PZT Ceramic
Materials Science Forum, 2014
Lead zirconate titanate, with Zr/Ti ratio of 53/47 was prepared by the polymeric precursor method. It was investigated the barium (II) modification at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mol% in substitution to the lead (II) cation in A site of perovskite structure. The powder samples were characterized by XRD and the diffraction patterns were used to Rietveld refinement. The percentages of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases and a systematic study of the effect of barium (II) on the morphology and the dielectric properties of PZT were carried out. The results showed that the tetragonal phase is favored and the ceramic density is improved with the barium (II) insertion. The Curie temperature (Tc) is increased besides the slight reduction of dielectric constant (Kc).
Ceramics International, 2017
PZT 95/5 (PZTN) and 0.02 Nb-0.004La-PZT 95/5 (PLZTN) samples were prepared by a combined method of B-site precursor, whereby ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 and La 2 O 3 were pre-reacted, prior to reaction with PbO. Then the wet mechanically activated PZT calcinates prepared using a planetary ball mill were pressed into pellets and sintered at 1275°C for 2 h in air. The microstructure, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the samples were studied. PLZTN samples had microstructures with fine grains (average grain size of 2.98 µm) in comparison with the PZTN samples (average grain size of 4.53 µm). The relative densities of the PZTN and PLZTN samples were approximately 92.8% and 94.8%, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficient (d 33), voltage coefficient (g 33), relative dielectric constant (ε r), dielectric loss (tanδ), electromechanical coupling coefficient (k p), Young's modulus (Y 11 E), Poisson's ratio (σ) and mechanical quality factor (Q m) for PLZTN samples were 70