Hepatitis C virus and HIV co-infection among pregnant women in Rwanda (original) (raw)
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Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among HIV-infected pregnant women in Uganda and Rwanda
Journal of Medical Virology, 2007
Introduction: Viral hepatitis is a liver disease with numerous etiologies. Hepatitis B and C virus infections and co infections are pandemics that constitute a major public health challenge in Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus is sought to be a risk factor for HBsAg and HCV coexistence. The study was aimed at estimating the seroprevalence of HBsAg and HCV viruses amongst type 2 diabetic patients in Dutse Jigawa State, Nigeria. Methods: The study was randomized and cross sectional conducted amongst type 2 diabetics. A total of 192 consecutive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the endocrine clinic and 120 age and sex matched apparently healthy volunteers who consented to participate in the study were recruited. All the participants were screened for HBsAg and HCV using immunochromatographic test kits and confirmed by ELISA technique for seropositive cases. Results: Prevalence rates of HBsAg was equal 9(4.68%) for the type 2 diabetics and controls while that of Anti-HCV was 3(1.56%) and 1(0.52%) in the type 2 diabetics and controls (p≤0.05) respectively. Co infection was recorded in the control subjects but not in the diabetes group. Conclusion: There is a statistical significant association between HCV and type 2 diabetes mellitus with the seropositivity of HCV 3.0 times higher in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy controls.
Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2016
Aim: This study estimated the hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in a population of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected pregnant women, compared women who were positive or negative for HCV and described risk factors associated with HCV infection. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, case control study was conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan among 1821 women. Twenty-six (1.65%) women were HCV positive, 139 (8.83%) were HBsAg positive and 1407 (89.33%) were negative for both viruses. Three patients (0.19%) were positive for both viruses. These patients, i.e., the HBsAg positive women and 246 women with no result, for either virus were excluded from analysis. Data from 1433 pregnant women is presented. Chi square test and student′s t-test examined associations, with level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Overall, the mean age of the HCV positive women was lower (26.77 ± 6.53 vs. 28. 95 years ± 5.33; P = 0.04), most women had attained primary (28....
East Africa Science
Background: Globally, over 325 and 170 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), respectively. If untreated, these infections can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity, and factors associated with HBV and HCV among couples attending antenatal care in rural Rwanda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of HBV and HCV seroprevalence. Study participants were administered a brief structured questionnaire to obtain information on sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for HBV and HCV. Participant blood samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) using rapid diagnostic kits; confirmatory testing was done by enzyme immunoassay and nucleic acid tests. HBV genotypes were determined using nested polymerase chain reaction; HCV genotypes were determined by reverse transcriptase PCR followed by h...
Hepatitis C Virus in HIV Co-morbid Pregnancies in Jos, Nigeria
British journal of medicine and medical research, 2017
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are of medical significance. Objective: The study was designed to determine the rates and risk factors for HCV infection among HIV positive pregnant women compared with HIV negative controls. Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos and the AIDs Preventive Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) laboratory, Jos. Blood samples of Both HIV negative antenatal attendees and HIV positive pregnant women attending Prevention of Mother to Child transmission (PMTCT) clinic was taken in an EDTA anti-coagulant containing specimen bottle for serological test with second generation ELISA. Specimen containers were coded to ensure confidentiality. Plasma samples were obtained after centrifugation of the whole blood. The sample was stored at-20°C until the time for analysis.
Background In Cameroon, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) are highly endemic to the pregnant woman. These viruses pose a high risk of vertical transmission and have been reported as the most important causes of maternal mortality. The aim objective of this study was to determine the hepatitis B, C and HIV virus co-infection among pregnant women in the Bafia health district.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from may to july 2018 in 145 pregnant women attending the health district of Bafia. HIV was diagnosed and confirmed using the Determine and Oraquick HIV1/2, HBV by NOVA test (HBV Multi Panel One Step) and HCV by ACCURATE test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Epi info software version 7.2.1.0. Furthermore, statistical association was performed using Odds Ratio (OR) and Fisher Exact test where appropriate, with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The probability was considered statistical significant for all valu...
International Blood Research & Reviews
The global burden of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) has a negative impact in Sub-Saharan Africa.When HIV, HBV and HCV co-exist, they become life threatening and with high fatality rate particularly in gestation in which transmission occurs vertically, causing fetal and neonatal hepatitis. The study aimed at examining the occurrence rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) co - infection among expectant mothers attending antenatal clinic in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). The study population comprised of one hundred and fifty (150) pregnant women. Venous blood was used in the study and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, and anti-HIV antibodies using commercially available immunoassay test kits. The prevalence of HCV, HIV and HBsAg among the pregnant subjects in relation to age group 21-30 and 31-40 in the study revealed a ser...
Journal of Medical Virology, 2005
Five hundred and forty-seven pregnant women with less than 32 weeks of amenorrhoea, attending an antenatal clinic of St. Camille Medical Centre (SCMC) of Ouagadougou were enrolled for a hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV co-infection study. Fifty-eight (10.6%) were HIV positive and 18 (3.3%) were anti-HCV positive. Only seven pregnant women (i.e., 1.3%) had a documented HIV and HCV co-infection. HCV-RNA was found in 5 out of 18 (27.8%) patients, who had anti-HCV antibodies. The genotype analysis of these five patients showed that two were of 1b whereas three were of 2a genotype. Mother-to-infant transmission of the same HCV genotype (2a) was documented in only one case. High 1b prevalence has been reported in other parts of Africa, while 2a is the prevalent genotype (60%) in Burkina Faso. This genotype has a higher response rate to treatment. Serum transaminases were normal, also in presence of HCV-RNA. The higher than expected rate of co-infection in Burkina Faso seems to demonstrate a correlation between these two infections, which could influence the evolution of HIV and HCV diseases.
American Journal of BioScience, 2021
Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Diagnosis of these co-infections should be a priority in HIV-infected pregnant women so that they can receive appropriate and effective treatment. However, the prevalence of these infections in this vulnerable population remains poorly documented in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study is to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfections in HIV-infected pregnant women undergoing ARV treatment in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). A cross-sectional study among HIV-infected pregnant women was conducted from September 2017 to May 2018 in Abidjan. HBV and HCV serological tests were performed with the electrochemiluminescence method "ECLIA" on Cobas E 411. A total of one hundred (n = 100) HIV-infected pregnant women were included. The results showed that 6% (n=6/100) of the HIV-infected pregnant women had positive HBV serology and no HIV-HCV co-infection was detected. Of the 100 HIV-infected pregnant women included in this study, 23% had undergone surgery. In this population, HBsAg was positive in 9% of patients and HCV antibodies were negative in all patients. The data from this study support the implementation of large-scale sentinel surveillance in Côte d'Ivoire in order to refine data on the prevalence and circulation of viral hepatitis B and C in high-risk populations such as pregnant women.