The Structure of Light (original) (raw)
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Photon 2003: a theorist's summary and outlook
Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, 2004
In this talk I present a summary of some of the discussions at the conference on various topics in Photon physics, selected with a view to give a theorist's perspective, of the current status and future prospects, of the developments in the field. After discussing some of the recent theoretical developments in the subject of Photon Structure function, I will focus on what the photon has helped us learn about the spin structure of a proton, aspects of perturbative and nonperturbative QCD as well as forward and diffractive physics. I will discuss the challenges that the data on heavy flavour production in the two photon reactions and in photo production, seem to have presented to the theorists. Then I discuss the direction in which photon physics is likely to go in future and what we need the photons to still tell us. I will end by talking about the newer developments in prospects for photon studies at future colliders and opportunities that these will provide us to learn about the physics beyond the Standard Model.
Associated Photons and New Physics Signals at Linear Colliders
Arxiv preprint arXiv:0802.2209, 2008
We study signals for beyond standard model physics and consider the virtues of single photon signals or associated photons in the final states in identifying different scenarios of new physics models in a very efficient and novel way.
The substantial model of the photon
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 411-467, 2017
It is shown that the angular frequency of the photon is nothing else than the averaged angular frequency of revolution of the electron cloud's center during emission and quantum transition between two energy levels in an atom. On assumption that the photon consists of charged particles of the vacuum field (of praons), the substantial model of a photon is constructed. Praons move inside the photon in the same way as they must move in the electromagnetic field of the emitting electron, while internal periodic wave structure is formed inside the photon. The properties of praons, including their mass, charge and speed, are derived in the framework of the theory of infinite nesting of matter. At the same time, praons are part of nucleons and leptons just as nucleons are the basis of neutron stars and the matter of ordinary stars and planets. With the help of the Lorentz transformations, which correlate the laboratory reference frame and the reference frame, co-moving with the praons inside the photon, transformation of the electromagnetic field components is performed. This allows us to calculate the longitudinal magnetic field and magnetic dipole moment of the photon, and to understand the relation between the transverse components of the electric and magnetic fields, connected by a coefficient in the form of the speed of light. The total rest mass of the particles making up the photon is found, it turns out to be inversely proportional to the nuclear charge number of the hydrogen-like atom, which emits the photon. In the presented picture the photon composed of praons moves at a speed less than the speed of light, and it loses the right to be called an elementary particle due to its complex structure.
The Papers of Independent Authors, ISSN 2225-6717, 2021, 55, 13–18., 2021
The so-called. wave-AND-particle-WAP, which is a standing wave in the volume of a cube. On the sides of the cube, the flux is zero, i.e. the cube does not emit energy. However, there are magnetic and electrical strengths on the sides of the cube. It is shown that such HIV, having received a quantum of energy, becomes a quantum of energy flow and flies at the speed of light. Such a representation allows one to remove the contradictions between Maxwell's equations and the quantization of the energy of electromagnetic radiation, associated, firstly, with the fact that the energy transferred from light to atoms depends only on frequency, and, secondly, with the fact that it is impossible to find the wave equation for a photon.
Photon structure and the mu\mumu puzzle
In this talk I first briefly explain the puzzle presented by the high muon content observed in air-showers which point to the ultra high-energy γ sources like the HER-X-1. Since it had been suggested that a possible explanation of the puzzle might come from the effects of the hadronic structure of the photon, I briefly explain the concept of photon structure function and comment on the uncertainties in the predictions of the σ tot γp. Then I show that while the current experiments at the e + e − (TRISTAN and LEP) and ep (HERA) colliders have seen clear evidence for the hadronic structure of the photon, the observed muon excess in the air shower experiments, if confirmed by other experiments to be at the same high level, can not be explained in terms of the photon structure function.
A New Theory for the Essence and Structure of the Photon
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology
A photon is the smallest discrete amount or quantum of electromagnetic radiation, and it is the basic unit of light. It exhibits no shape, "point particle," according to the standard model of particle physics, meaning that a photon interacts as if it is entirely located at a single point in space and does not spread out to fill a three-dimensional volume. In this study, a new theory, in which the photon demonstrates a structure and shape, is proposed based on the perturbed quantum superfluid field (vacuum) in the photon epoch during the first seconds of the Big Bang. Photons are the nonlinear manifestation of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability that induces the formation of elliptical vortices, known as Kida vortices, which are converted to a three-dimensional spheroidal structure that remains unchanged in time and rotates with uniform angular velocity due to Coriolis force. Using hydrodynamics laws and applying them to a superfluid vacuum, the basic properties of the photon are described. Moreover, this study provides mathematical models to calculate the kinetic energy, radius, volume, charge, and particle-wave duality of photon. To confirm the proposed theory, the mathematical formulations are presented. We conclude that the photon shape is accessible to human imagination; knowing this shape helps determine photon properties and sheds light on how matter is made as well as explains the interactions of subatomic particles.
New Results for a Photon-Photon Collider
2002
We present new results from studies in progress on physics at a two-photon collider. We report on the sensitivity to top squark parameters of MSSM Higgs boson production in two-photon collisions; Higgs boson decay to two photons; radion production in models of warped extra dimensions; chargino pair production; sensitivity to the trilinear Higgs boson coupling; charged Higgs boson pair production; and we discuss the backgrounds produced by resolved photon-photon interactions.
Proposal for a New Photon's Model
2023
The electrodynamic basis of gravity requires that the explanation of the deflection of a light ray by a gravitational field be based on the extension to the photon of a property of matter, i.e. its content of electric charges, even if globally neutral. In the case of matter, electric charges are recognized in the content of quarks, antiquarks and electrons that make up the atomic nucleus and the electronic shell of an atom. An article of the same author dedicated to the aforementioned theory shows how, by associating also the photon with a pair of charges with a net zero value, but globally proportional to its energy, exactly the measured value is obtained for the light deflected by the solar gravitational field. In this document a definition of the photon's model is given which is coherent and compatible with what has been said and, in our opinion, with the QED. The main assumption on which the model is based is that the splitting phenomenon of a photon into a pair of virtual particles, for example an electron and a positron, also occurs when the photon is in free flight. The gravitational force responsible for the deflection of the light thus acts on the pair of particles in the short time preceding their recombination into the original photon.
A long history that unites the photon with the electron
Classical science, still today, is trying to identify the intimate nature of the universe, dividing everything into categories, in particular in the microcosm it divides the so-called "particles" into: A) Massless particles, also called "bosons", such as photons. B) Particles with mass, also called "fermions", like the electron. In this article we will try to make a brief history on the characterization of these two types of "particles", to find what unites the photon to the electron.