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Prevalance of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in women of reproductive age group
Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is a common problem in women of reproductive age group with overgrowth of fungus Candida due to loss of imbalance between normal vaginal flora, Candida and immune defense mechanisms. Most common Candida species is C. albicans. However, the incidence of non-albicans species is on the rise. Direct microscopy and vaginal cultures are a valuable tool for identifying Candida species so that appropriate therapy may be given to eliminate the vaginal source of infection rather than treating vulval symptoms. Objectives: The main objectives of the present study were to estimate the incidence of Candida infections in women of reproductive age and identify the species of Candida causing such infections. 150 women were subjected to speculum examination and vaginal swabs were collected for culture, direct microscopy and candida isolation. Results: 53.3% of women in their early reproductive years were found to suffer from Candida infections of which 86% were Candida albicans species. Conclusion : Culture for Candida species routinely maybe a valuable tool not only to treat vaginal symptoms effectively but also to avoid usage of unnecessary antifungal agents.
Vaginal Candidiasis – Gynecological Aspect of the Problem
Acta medica medianae, 2014
Vaginal candidiasis (VC) is one of the most common reasons for consultations with a gynecologist, with an increasing trend in occurrence in female patients. It is estimated that 75% of all women experience an episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis in their lifetime, 50% of them experience at least a second episode, and 5% have recurrent candidiasis. Cervical and vaginal secretions act as the last line of defense from ascendant infection pathway spreading. Factors that may disturb vaginal ecosystem are: endogenous factors, way of life, infectious factors and iatrogenic factors. The most common cause of VC in 85-90% of cases is C. albicans, but other Candida species tend to be more likely to cause VVC (Candida tropicalis , Candida glabrata , C particulary, C crusei and so on). These non-albicans species have been found to be fluconazole and antimycotics resistant in more than 70% of cases. This is especially true for C. glabrata. There are several predisposing factors that have been associated with VC recurrence and resistance, such as Candida genotypes, resistance and virulence, immunodeficiency, unregulated hyperglycemia, use of oral contraceptives, long-term use of antibiotics. Therapy approach should be individual, including local and oral antimycotics until the symptoms disappear. The maintenance dose can be continuous or intermittent. Due to hormone concentration increase, increase in local glycogen, alternations of vaginal flora, VC incidence in pregnancy is two times higher in comparison to other female population. The problem of vaginal candidiasis requires individual approach, taking into account all the risk factors and accompanying physiological conditions or diseases in female patients.
Stamford Journal of Microbiology
Vulvo-vaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is the most common fungal infection in women of reproductive age. Data related to distribution and risk factors are very limited in India. This study was designed to observe the prevalence of VVC among women of reproductive age group, find the species of Candida causing such infection and find the risk factors associated with VVC. All female patients in the childbearing age group, fulfilling the clinical criteria of vaginitis, reported between January 2016 and June 2017 were included in this study. Standard procedures were followed to collect vaginal swabs. Culture and microscopic examinations were done to isolate Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida (NAC) from the specimens. Descriptive and analytic statistics was used to illustrate the basic and disease characteristics of the study participants. The odds-ratio (OR) associated with each potential risk factor at 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. All results were considered significant...
Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in females in the reproductive age group
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among reproductive age group females. The objective of present study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, its distribution and association of risk factors among reproductive age group females, attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of our Prime Medical Centre, Sharjah attached with Prime Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: It was cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six months. Patients who came to our outpatient department with complains of vaginal discharge and itching in reproductive age group were included in this study. Patients characteristics i.e. age, parity, risk factors like diabetes, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPills) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) were noted. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted, and results were analyzed.Results: A total...
OCCURRENCE OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AND PROPHYLACTIC AND CURATIVE ALTERNATIVES (Atena Editora)
OCCURRENCE OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AND PROPHYLACTIC AND CURATIVE ALTERNATIVES (Atena Editora), 2023
Candidiasis is one of the main vulvovaginitis in women of reproductive age, with greater occurrence during the gestational period. Classification of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis occurs when there are at least four specific episodes in a year or at least three episodes not related to the use of antibiotics during the same period. This study sought to address recurrent vaginal candidiasis, also exploring the socioeconomic context of the population and the individual characteristics of each woman, as well as the ideal medication for each condition.
Epidemiologic Features of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Reproductive-Age Women in India
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2012
Background. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is characterized by curd-like vaginal discharge and itching, and is associated with considerable health and economic costs. Materials and Methods. We examined the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis among a cohort of 898 women in south India. Participants completed three study visits over six months, comprised of a structured interview and a pelvic examination. Results. The positive predictive values for diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis using individual signs or symptoms were low (<19%). We did not find strong evidence for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Women clinically diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis had a higher prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (Prevalence 12%, 95% CI 8.2, 15.8) compared to women assessed to be negative for bacterial vaginosis (Prevalence 6.5%, 95% 5.3, 7.6); however, differences in the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis were not observed by the presence or absence of laboratory-confirmed bacterial vaginosis. Conclusions. For correct diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, laboratory confirmation of infection with Candida is necessary as well as assessment of whether the discharge has been caused by bacterial vaginosis. Studies are needed of women infected with Candida yeast species to determine the risk factors for yeast's overgrowth.
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Among Women of Reproductive Age: Prevalence and Asociated Factors
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Research
Candida overgrowth causes vulvovaginal candidiasis. Most women of reproductive age become infected once, but some get re-infected, leading to issues such as pre-term labour, infertility, and neo-natal illnesses. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors to Vulvovaginal candidiasis among women of reproductive age at a municipality in Ghana. The study recruited 326 reproductive-aged women using a descriptive cross-sectional design and a simple random sampling method. After an aseptic vaginal swab, participants were asked to fill out a standardized research questionnaire. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to assess the link between vulvovaginal candidiasis and its associated factors. The study found 38.7% vulvovaginal candidiasis prevalence among reproductive-aged women. Younger age <20 years, urban settlement and secondary education were associated with vaginal candidiasis. Tight fitting clothes is also a risk ...
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) or Candida vaginitis is a common fungal infection among adult women during reproductive ages and is the second most frequent infection of the female genital tract. This study was designed to determination of clinical findings and the species generating Vulvovaginal candidiasis in women referred to gynecology clinic in Chabahar. In this study all of 400 vaginal samples were examined with the wet smear methods and cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and (CMA). Germ tube te st and sugar assimilation test (API) were carried out to differentiate the Candida species in Chabahar in 2014. The data analysis was done using the SPSS software version 18.0 and chi - square and T student tests. In this study the prevalence of Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) was 45.8% and the Candida albicans with (80.87%) and Candida non - albicans with (19.13%) were reported as generated species of Vulvovaginal candidiasis respectively. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the demographic factors, age at marriage and educational level with infection. But there was statistically significant relationship between burning, itching, malodorous discharge, vaginal parity, pH of the vagina, cervix appearance, consistency and color disch arge with infection. Considering the prevalence of non - albicans species is increasing due to inappropriate antifungal therapy and on the other hand, recurrent infections, is also rising. It is recommended, vaginal Candida culture method (with high sensitiv ity) should be performed routinely in medical laboratory and with the determination of species and drug susceptibilities, appropriate medication is prescribed
The Relationship of Gestational Age on the Incidence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research
Pregnancy is a risk factor for vulvovaginitis. Vulvovaginitis is an infection of the vaginal and vulvar mucosa, most often caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (CVV), and trichomoniasis (TR), even in some cases, a mixed infection. CVV is the second most common infection after BV that causes vulvovaginitis. Colonization of Candida sp. in the vagina is at least 20% in non-pregnant women but increases to 30% in pregnant women and increases in the third trimester to 40%, so the increasing gestational age, the higher the risk of CVV. This study aims to determine the relationship between gestational age and the incidence of CVV. This research method is a cross-sectional analytic design, using primary data from anamnesis and vaginal swab examinations on 50 samples of pregnant women at the Jatibening Health Center UPTD, 34 samples (68%) tested positive, and 16 samples (32%) tested negative for vulvovaginitis. CVV was found most often in the third trimester of pregnan...