Parental Authority Styles in Adolescent-Parent Relationships (original) (raw)
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Parental Authority in Adolescent-Parents Relationships
2010
The study sets out to shed light on ways in which parents (communicatively) assert authority vis-à-vis their adolescent children in situations challenging parental authority, the perceived most probable outcomes of these situations, and attitudes towards ideal outcomes. To this aim four (situationally specific) vignettes are analyzed. The sample consisted of 194 first born children aged 11 to 18, and both of their parents living in Slovenia. The relevance of findings is generalized beyond the existing sample.
Adolescents in the postsocialist Slovenia: between parental authority and autonomy
European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2010
The study examines the relationship between parental and adolescents' perceptions of (communicative) ways of parental power assertion in situations challenging parental authority (dialogical communication, parental reminder, nonreciprocal communication), the perceived most probable outcomes of these situations, and attitudes toward ideal outcomes (adolescent's compliance, agreement, parental tolerance, adolescent's self-responsibility, adolescent's disobedience). The sample consisted of 194 firstborn children aged 11 to 18 and both of their parents living in Slovenia. The study shows that parents and their preferences continue to be the driving force behind the rules within the family while children have little maneuvering space regarding their parents' demands, but they develop different forms of compliance, from internalized obedience to solely superficial and provisional compliance.
Parents and Adolescence: Control, Conflict, Autonomy and Listening
Our study aims to find out if tight parental control over their adolescents will increase conflict in the family, and if increased parental respect for the adolescent’s autonomy will increase the tendency for the adolescent to listen to their parents. Control by parents is defined through how stringent rules have to be obeyed. Conflict in the family is defined through how frequent the family faces problems. Parental respect for the adolescent’s autonomy is defined through amount of independence adolescents are given. Adolescents listening refers to how much regard they place on their parent’s opinions. To gather data, 469 NP students were surveyed. Our results support the stands: high parental control increases conflict in a parent-child relationship and high parental respect for adolescents’ autonomy increases the tendency for adolescent’s listening. Reasons supporting these stands are explained using Baumrind’s parenting style theory and relevance of respect for adolescent’s autonomy.
Dealing with Intergenerational Disagreements Parental Authority in Swedish Families
This thesis examined two key aspects of intergenerational disagreements. The first aspect dealt with Swedish parents' preferences for discipline with respect to the national emphasis on child democracy. Parents of preschool children were interviewed so as to examine their responses to hypothetical situations typical of common child misbehavior and their use of three assertive disciplinary strategies (coercion, behavior modification, and verbal control) were examined. In Study I, Swedish fathers' preferences for discipline were compared with the preferences of fathers from the United States (U.S.). The results showed that fathers' overall references to assertive discipline were on the same level in the Swedish sample as they were in the U.S. sample. However, compared with the Americans, the Swedes mentioned using more verbal control and less behavior modification. The aim of Study II was to investigate how Swedish parents respond across initial and recurring episodes of child misconduct. Parents' overall reports of assertive discipline revealed no significant shifts across first-and second-time child transgressions. In terms of individual strategies, however, fathers did exchange verbal control for coercion and behavior modification, but only when faced with serious situations. Although more research is needed to find out the possible effects of the national family policy in Sweden, a general conclusion is that Swedish parents seem to employ a restrictive, rather than punitive, approach to parent-child conflict. The second aspect of this thesis focused on the links between parental authority and adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. The purpose was to address some of the limitations that developmental researchers have noted in widespread typology models of parenting styles. To separate adolescents' voluntary co-operation with parental expectations from parents' deliberate intentions to exert behavior control, in contrast with many previous investigations, Study III measured the strategies of firm control and monitoring by asking parents for their responses to hypothetical situations involving potential conflict. The results indicated little support for a direct association between parental use of firm control and monitoring on the one side and adolescents' psychosocial adjustment on the other. Attempting to add to the understanding of the links between parenting and adolescent psychosocial adjustment, Study IV examined adolescents' perceptions of how conflicts with their parents are usually resolved (i.e., conflict resolution schemas). The results revealed that adolescents with high and low levels of adjustment differed in their views of how conflicts with their parents were usually resolved. In particular, well-adjusted adolescents were more likely to see themselves as complying with parental expectancies on a voluntary basis. In conclusion, characteristics of the parent-adolescent relationship that promote adolescents' conflict resolution expectancies seem to be more important to adolescents' positive development than parental behavior control in itself.
2020
Understanding whether there is a relationship between perceived parental authority styles and self-esteem in high school students is the main purpose of the study. In addition, the effects of gender, age, mother's education level, father's education level and family's economic status on perceived parental authority styles and self-esteem were investigated. Whether the variables fit the normal distribution or not was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the variables that did not fit the normal distribution were given with median, minimum and maximum values. "Mann Whitney U" test was used in the analysis of the differences between the two groups, and the "Kruskal Wallis H" test was used for the differences between 3 or more groups. Relationships between variables were analyzed using "Spearman Correlation Coefficient". Statistical analyzes were made using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 program. Significance level was taken as 0.05. 209 male and 210 female high school students participated in the research. It was observed that the participants defined their family's parent attitudes as highly democratic, medium-level protective-willing, and low-level authoritarian. It was observed that the democratic parental attitude did not have a significant effect on the self-esteem of individuals, and the self-esteem perceptions of the participants with protective-willing and authoritarian parental attitudes were found to be high. There was no significant effect of gender and age factors on the perception of parental attitudes and self-esteem level. It was observed that as the education level of the mother increased, the democratic parental attitude perceived by the participants also increased. There was no significant relationship between mother's education level and selfesteem. It was observed that as the father's education level increased, the perceived democratic parental attitude ratio also increased, but a significant relationship was not found between the father's education level and the participants' self-esteem level. It has been observed that the very high economic level of the family increases the authoritarian parental attitude rate compared to families with medium economic status. It was observed that the self-esteem of the participants with low income level was higher than the participants with middle and high income level. It was determined that the family's economic status did not have a significant effect on protective-willing and democratic parenting attitudes.
Adolescents' and parents' changing conceptions of parental authority
New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2005
Adolescents and parents view parents' regulation of some aspects of adolescents' lives as legitimate, but they disagree as to how much personal freedom adolescents should have. Too much parental control over personal issues in early adolescence leads to feelings of psychological control, but increasing autonomy over personal issues in later adolescence leads to better adjustment.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SHORT VERSION OF THE PARENTAL AUTHORITY QUESTIONNAIRE
Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal
A short version of Buri's (1991) 30-item Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), a widely used measure of Baumrind's (1971) model of authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles, has been developed in this study. The participants were 3,025 middle and high school students from Oman. The sample was randomly divided into 2 subsamples. The first sample (N = 1,504) was used for the development of the short version, and the second sample (N = 1,521) served as the validation sample. The results indicate that a reduced 20-item PAQ fit the data better than the 30-item PAQ. The short version evidenced adequate validity and internal consistency. It was discussed and confirmed that the short version of the PAQ utilizes Baumrind's model of parenting styles as well as the original long version of the PAQ, and functions appropriately. This result is consistent with previous research. The construct of parenting style is used to describe parents' practices in social...
Perceived Parental Authority And Self-Esteem Among Young Adults
European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2017
Parenting styles play vital role in development of adult self-esteem, and influence of both mother and father is crucial in this regard. Individual and Cultural differences impede the universal consensus on best parenting style for psychological well-being in later life. Collectivist cultures are believed to practice more authority and less flexibility that negatively affect the self-esteem. Current study followed the correlational survey design to investigate the perception regarding father and mother's parenting styleand self-esteem of young adults.Parental Authority Questionnaire based on Baumrind's parenting typology (Authoritative, Permissive, and Authoritarian) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was administered on 234 participants that were randomly selected from different universities. The sample consists of 86 male and 148 female adults of age 18 to 27 years. Results revealed that participant's perception of parenting style was not affected by participants' gender. Mother's parenting style had no relationship with self-esteem whereas father's parenting style had significant influence on self-esteem development. Authoritarian and authoritative parenting style has positive and negative relationship respectively with the self-esteem in later life.The authoritative parenting style does not cater high level of self-esteem in collectivist culture indicating that the relationship between these variables is not concrete and subject to vary in context of different ethnicities. Authoritarian fathers found to facilitate the development of high self-esteem during adult age while authoritative fathers deter this.