Emergent Nanotechnological Strategies for Systemic Chemotherapy against Melanoma (original) (raw)
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Advances in nanotechnology-related strategies against melanoma
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Nanotherapeutics, 2021
Melanoma is a complex and highly aggressive skin tumor with increasing incidence worldwide. In this chapter, this malignant cancer is addressed, gathering information about epidemiology, mitochondrial role in the disease, clinical presentation, and therapeutic management. In the search for novel and more effective therapies against melanoma, pharmacologically active natural products have been explored, with several drugs reaching the market. In vitro and in vivo studies of natural compounds with potential antimelanoma activity are highlighted. Despite their promising potential, some of them can display unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features that compromise their clinic translation. Over the last years, there have been advances in nanotechnology applied to cancer treatment that have overcome many of these limitations, providing versatile and effective tools for the successful in vivo delivery of natural molecules, namely lipid-based, polymeric, and metallic nanosystems. These nanocarriers allow not only the modulation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the compounds, but also the increase of their stability and circulation time, resulting in greater therapeutic efficacy and less toxicity. Overall, this chapter focuses on nanoformulated natural-based compounds as an alternative therapeutic approach against melanoma, describing the most representative works from 2008 to 2020.
Engineering nanomedicines for improved melanoma therapy: progress and promises
Once metastatic, melanoma remains one of the most aggressive and morbid malignancies. Moreover, in past decades, the overall survival for advanced unresectable melanoma exhibited a constancy of poor prognosis. Low response rates and serious adverse effects have been characteristic of standard therapy based on a combination of chemotherapeutic agents or immunotherapy with IL-2. For example, the chemotherapy including dacarbazine, carmustin, cisplatin and tamoxifen is known as 'Dartmouth regimen' while the CVD regimen comprises carmustine, vinblastine and dacarbazine. Thus, there is an urgent and critical need to reformulate these bioactive agents using nanoscience and nanotechnology as alternative strategies. This article overviews current design and evaluation of nanomedicine undertaken to address this unmet medical need. The nanomedicines studied include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, polymersomes, dendrimers, cubosomes, niosomes and nanodiamonds. In this preclinical article, nanotechnology provides hope for effective treatment of this aggressive and largely treatmentresistant disease.
Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Melanoma Antitumoral Therapy: A Review
BioMed Research International, 2015
Melanoma (MEL) is a less common type of skin cancer, but it is more aggressive with a high mortality rate. The World Cancer Research Fund International (GLOBOCAN 2012) estimates that there were 230,000 new cases of MEL in the world in 2012. Conventional MEL treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy, but many of the chemotherapeutic agents used present undesirable properties. Drug delivery systems are an alternative strategy by which to carry antineoplastic agents. Encapsulated drugs are advantageous due to such properties as high stability, better bioavailability, controlled drug release, a long blood circulation time, selective organ or tissue distribution, a lower total required dose, and minimal toxic side effects. This review of scientific research supports applying a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system for MEL therapy.
Melanoma treatment: from conventional to nanotechnology
Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2018
Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer causing most of the skin cancer-related deaths. The incidence of melanoma has risen so dramatically over past few years that no other solid or blood malignancy comes close to it in terms of increased incidence. The main problem associated with the treatment of melanoma is low response rate to the existing treatment modalities, which in turn is due to the incomplete response by chemotherapeutic agents and inherent resistance of melanoma cells. Conventional therapeutic strategies, as well as, recent literature on melanoma have been thoroughly studied. This review summarizes the base of anti-melanoma treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, followed by an account of recent studies which explored the potential of nanotechnology and newer strategies and agents in melanoma treatment. Although melanoma is curable if detected in its early localized form, metastatic melanoma continues to be a therapeutic challenge. Metastatic melano...
Nanotechnology for the treatment of melanoma skin cancer
Progress in biomaterials, 2017
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has very high rates of mortality. An early stage melanoma can be surgically removed, with a survival rate of 99%. This literature review intends to elucidate the possibilities to treat melanoma skin cancer using hybrid nanofibers developed by advanced electrospinning process. In this review we have shown that the enhanced permeability and retention is the basis for using nanotechnology, aiming topical drug delivery. The importance of the detection of skin cancer in the early stages is directly related to non-metastatic effects and survival rates of melanoma cells. Inhibitors of protein kinase are already available in the market for melanoma treatment and are approved by the FDA; these agents are cobimetinib, dabrafenib, ipilimumab, nivolumab, trametinib, and vemurafenib. We also report a case study involving two different approaches for targeting melanoma skin cancer therapy, namely, magnetic-based core-shell particles and elec...
Latest News on Nanotechnology for Melanoma Therapy and Diagnosis
2016
Melanoma skin cancer is an aggressive tumour with an increasing incidence. In recent years, the treatment options for the advanced disease have expanded dramatically with the employment of targeted therapy and the immunotherapy. However, the high rate of non-response, the toxicity, and the induced drug resistance remain unmet clinical problems. Scientists are expecting a further advance with the application of nanotechnology in melanoma treatment and diagnosis. In this review, we present an up-date on the latest pre-clinical studies (2015-2016) on nanomedicine with potential use in the clinical management of this disease.
Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery for treating melanoma
Nanomedicine (London, England), 2015
Melanoma originated from melanocytes is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with limited treatment options. New targeted therapeutic options with the discovery of BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown significant survival benefits. Despite the recent progress, development of chemoresistance and systemic toxicity remains a challenge for treating metastatic melanoma. While the response from the first line of treatment against melanoma using dacarbazine remains only 5-10%, the prolonged use of targeted therapy against mutated oncogene BRAF develops chemoresistance. In this review, we will discuss the nanoparticle-based strategies for encapsulation and conjugation of drugs to the polymer for maximizing their tumor distribution through enhanced permeability and retention effect. We will also highlight photodynamic therapy and design of melanoma-targeted nanoparticles.
Pharmaceutics
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, the incidence and mortality of which are increasing worldwide. Its extensive degree of heterogeneity has limited its response to existing therapies. For many years the therapeutic strategies were limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Fortunately, advances in knowledge have allowed the development of new therapeutic strategies. Despite the undoubted progress, alternative therapies are still under research. In this context, nanotechnology is also positioned as a strong and promising tool to develop nanosystems that act as drug carriers and/or light absorbents to potentially improve photothermal and photodynamic therapies outcomes. This review describes the latest advances in nanotechnology field in the treatment of melanoma from 2011 to 2022. The challenges in the translation of nanotechnology-based therapies to clinical applications are also discussed. To sum up, great progress has been made in the field of nanotechno...
Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 2013
In this study, we attempted to develop functional liposomes loaded with camptothecin and attached to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to target melanoma cells. The liposomes were mainly composed of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and stearylamine, and were characterized by the vesicle size, zeta potential, camptothecin encapsulation efficiency, and release behavior. Results revealed that α-MSH liposomes possessed an average size of approximately 250 nm with a surface charge of 60 mV. Camptothecin was successfully entrapped by the targeted liposomes with an encapsulation percentage of nearly 95%. The liposomes provided sustained and controlled camptothecin release. Non-targeted liposomes with the drug exerted superior cytotoxicity against melanomas compared to the free control. Cell viability was reduced from 48% to 32% compared to conventional liposomes. Peptide ligand conjugation further promoted cytotoxicity to 18% viability, which was a 2.7-fold decrease versus the free...