Dietary Betaine Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Ameliorates the Impact of Heat Stress in Multiple Vital Organs as Measured by Evans Blue Dye in Broiler Chickens (original) (raw)
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Effects of Betaine Supplementation to Broiler Diets Under Heat Stress
Tavukçuluk araştırma dergisi, 2021
Betaine is an osmoregulatory substance obtained from some natural plant materials such as sugar beet, regulating intracellular biochemical events by attracting water. Due to this important function of betaine in water balance, it may play an important role in maintaining the body water balance of birds under heat stress. On the other hand, since betaine is a good methyl donor, some essential nutrients such as methionine and choline can be saved in the diet, or they can serve as complementary substances in the deficiency of these nutrients. Previous studies have shown that the addition of betaine can make significant contributions to the nutrition of broiler chickens in heat stress situations. The effects that may occur, especially when the body needs methyl groups, may be more pronounced. Dietary betaine supplementation increases live weight gain and breast muscle efficiency, improves feed efficiency and reduces fat content in broilers. The osmoregulatory function of betaine, immune system disorders, low immune strength, reducing respiratory alkalosis, oxidative stress and intestinal microbiome changes caused by heat stress. In this study, some evaluations were made in terms of the use of betaine in broiler diets to meet the performance and physiological needs of animals.
Betaine in thermally stressed broiler chickens
2015
Conclusion: Based on this study, it was inferred that in tropical countries betaine may be effectively used to ameliorate the negative impact of high ambient temperature in broiler chickens. Read this original research and sign up to receive Open Access Animal Physiology journal here: http://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article\_id=22477
Agriculture
Heat stress (HS) impairs growth performance and has a severe impact on lipid and protein metabolism, leading to serious adverse effects on meat quality. Forty-eight day-old-male Ross-308 chicks were assigned to two temperature conditions, thermoneutral or cyclical HS, and fed with either a control diet (CON) or the CON plus betaine (BET). Heat stress increased rectal temperature (p < 0.001), respiration rate (p < 0.001) and increased blood pH (p = 0.017), indicating that HS caused respiratory alkalosis. Heat stress reduced body weight during the final stage of growing period (p = 0.005), while BET improved it (p = 0.023). Heat stress tended to reduce breast muscle water content and drip loss (p = 0.089 and p = 0.082), while both were improved with BET (p = 0.008 and p = 0.001). Heat stress tended to reduce the myofibril fragmentation index (p = 0.081) whereas it increased with BET (p = 0.017). Heat stress increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p = 0.017), while BET...
Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies (JLST), 2022
The effects of in ovo feeding (0 and 1g/L) and dietary feeding (0 and 1g/kg diet) of betaine on hatchability, performance, body temperature and blood parameters of broiler chicks under heat stress condition, were investigated using 600 fertile eggs (Ross 308) for in ovo injection at 17.5d of incubation. After hatching, 192 male chickens were divided into four groups: 1- In ovo feeding of non-betaine solution and post-hatch diet without betaine, 2- In ovo feeding of non-betaine solution and post-hatch dietary feeding 1g per kg of betaine, 3- In ovo feeding of 1g per L betaine solution and post-hatch diet without betaine, and 4- In ovo feeding of 1g per L betaine solution and post-hatch dietary feeding 1g per kg of betaine. The chicks were exposed to heat stress from 7-28d for 4h/d. The results showed that body weight of hatched chicks and the hatched chick body weight to initial egg weight ratio, was significantly increased by in ovo feeding of betaine (P<0.05). The effects of in ovo feeding and dietary feeding of betaine resulted in higher feed intake (P<0.05) and daily weight gain (P<0.01) and improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) for 7-21d. Birds that received dietary betaine had more carcass, breast and leg weight than chickens receiving betaine-free diet at 28d (P<0.05). The experimental treatments had no significant effect on carcass yield at d 42. During heat stress between 14 and 21d age, the group that did not receive betaine (in ovo or dietary) had the highest cloacal temperature (P<0.01). The concentration of high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood of chickens that received betaine-free diet was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). In general, dietary betaine feeding improved the performance and carcass parameters and decreased blood lipids and cloacal temperature of chicks under heat stress conditions. However, these effects were not observed from days 28 to 42, which were free of heat stress.
Animals
Improving broilers’ production in the hot region is essential to overcome heat-stress challenges. The current experiment examined the effects of betaine’s fortification (0.0, 0.075, 0.10, and 0.15%) to broiler chickens during days 1–40 of age. The growth period was divided into the starter (1–18 d) and growing-finishing (19–40 d). During the starter period, there was no heat challenge, and all birds were kept under the same conditions. At 18 days of age, half of the birds were kept under thermos-neutral temperature (TN, 22–24 °C), while the other half were kept under high temperature (HT, 35 °C). However, the production efficiency factor (PEF) was the best (p < 0.05) for birds that received 0.10% betaine. Betaine fortification improved (p < 0.05 and 0.01) body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production efficiency factor (PEF) in the cumulative finisher heat-stress challenge period (19–40 d). The best performance was achieved at 0.1% betaine fortification wi...
Animals
Heat stress (HS) is an environmental stressor challenging poultry production and requires a strategy to cope with it. A total of 288-day-old male broiler chicks were fed with one of the following diets: basal diet, basal with betaine (BET), or with selenium and vitamin E (AOX), or with a combination of BET and AOX, under thermoneutral and cyclic HS. Results showed that HS reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.001), and impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.03) during rearing period (0–42 day). BET increased ADG (p = 0.001) and decreased FCR (p = 0.02), whereas AOX had no effects. Breast muscle weight was decreased by HS (p < 0.001) and increased by BET (p < 0.001). Rectal temperature was increased by HS (p < 0.001) and improved by BET overall. Respiration rate was increased by HS (p < 0.001), but BET decreased it during HS (p = 0.04). Jejunum transepithelial resistance was reduced by HS and had no effect on perme...
Veterinary World, 2021
Background and Aim: Thermal stress (hot or cold) is one of many environmental stressors that severely affects the health of broiler chickens. One negative effect of thermal stress is the disruption of the intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal manipulation (TM) on the small intestine in terms of histomorphometry as well as junctional, heat-shock, and immune response gene expression during post-hatch exposure to thermal stress. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted by dividing 928 fertile Ross eggs into three incubation groups: The control (C) group (incubated at 37.8°C and 56% relative humidity [RH] for the whole incubation period), the TM using low temperature TML group (incubated at 36°C and 56% RH for 18 h/day from embryonic days 7 to 16), and the TM using high temperature (TMH) group (incubated at 39°C and 65% RH for 18 h/day from embryonic days 7 to 16). On post-hatch day 21, 90 chicks were randomly selected from each incubation group and were equally subdivided into three subgroups for the post-hatch thermal stress experiment: The TN subgroup (room temperature maintained at 24°C), the heat stress (HS) subgroup (room temperature maintained at 35°C), and the cold stress (CS) subgroup (room temperature maintained at 16°C). After 1 day of thermal stress exposure (age 22 days), five birds from each subgroup were euthanized and ileum samples were collected to evaluate the transcription of the Claudin (CLDN1), CLDN-5, Occludin, Cadherin-1, heat shock factors (HSF1), HSF3, 70 kilodalton heat shock protein, 90 kilodalton heat shock protein, Interleukin 6 (IL6), IL8, toll-like receptors-2 (TLR2), and TLR4 genes by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Finally, after 4 and 7 days of thermal stress (age 25 and 28 days, respectively), nine chicks were euthanized, and their jejunum and ileum were collected for histomorphometric analysis. Results: After exposure to 1 day of thermal stress, the C subgroups exposed to thermal stress (HS and CS) possessed significantly increased expression of junctional, heat-shock, and immune response genes compared to the C-TN subgroup, and similar results were observed for the TMH. In contrast, thermally stressed TMH subgroups had significantly lower expression of the studied genes compared to C subgroups exposed to thermal stress. Furthermore, no significant changes were detected between the TML subgroups exposed to thermal stress and TML-TN. Moreover, significant alterations in villus height (VH), villus surface area, crypt depth (CD), and VH to CD ratio were observed between the TML, TMH, and C subgroups exposed to CS. Conclusion: It might be suggested that TM may have a protective impact on the small intestine histomorphometry and epithelial integrity of broilers during post-hatch exposure to thermal stress.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021
This study examined the effect of supplemental betaine on live performance, selected blood parameters, and gene expression of water channel proteins (Aquaporins, AQP) of broiler chicks delayed in placement for 48 h post-hatch. In total, 540 newly-hatched male broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and were randomly allotted to one of five treatments with nine replicates per treatment (12 chicks per replicate). Chicks were either placed immediately, control; held for 48 h post-hatch with no access to feed or water, Holdnull; held for 48 h with free access to drinking water only, HoldW; held for 48 h with free access to drinking water supplemented with 1 ml per L of betaine solution (40% betaine), HoldB1; or held for 48 h with free access to drinking water supplemented with 2 ml per L of betaine solution (40% betaine), HoldB2 group. The results showed that post-hatch holding for 48 h depressed feed intake and body weight gain during the entire 15 d study period with no ben...
Ileal endogenous amino acid flow of broiler chickens under high ambient temperature
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2009
High environmental temperature has detrimental effects on the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of acute heat stress on endogenous amino acid (EAA) flow in broiler chickens. A total of 90, day-old broiler chicks were housed in battery cages in an environmentally controlled chamber. Chicks were fed a nitrogen-free diet on day 42 following either no heat exposure (no-heat) or 2 weeks exposure to 35 ± 1 °C for 3 h from days 28 to 42 (2-week heat) or 1 week exposure to 35 ± 1 °C for 3 h from days 35 to 42 (1 week heat). The most abundant amino acid in the ileal flow was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, serine and threonine in non-heat stressed group. The EAA flow in 1-week heat and 2-week heat birds were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those under no heat exposure (14682, 11161 and 9597 mg/kg of dry matter intake respectively). Moreover, the EAA flow of 2-week heat group was less than 1-week heat group by approximately 36%. These observations suggest that the effect of heat stress on EAA flow is mostly quantitative; however, heat stress may also alter the content of EAA flow qualitatively.