Identifying environmental factors affecting the distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis in endemic areas of Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
[Visceral leishmaniasis: an update]
La Revue de médecine interne / fondée ... par la Société nationale francaise de médecine interne, 2011
During the last decade, visceral leishmaniasis has been reconsidered in its epidemiology and strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This vectorial disease, responsible for more than 50,000 deaths each year across India, East Africa, South America, the Mediterranean area, Central Asia and China, is currently spreading over new territories. This formerly rural disease has even reached cities in South America. This spreading is caused by environmental changes due to global warming or human activity, and by the movement of workers and refugees. As a consequence, the burden of HIV/Leishmania coinfection is increasing in many developing countries even though effective antiretroviral therapy has led to a marked decrease in its incidence in Europe. The disease is now handled differently than it was 10 years ago: PCR has become the most accurate tool for diagnosis and follow-up in developed countries, and field diagnostic tools have been developed (antigenuria, rK39 dipstick). W...
[Leishmaniasis and phlebotomus of Cameroon: review of current data]
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique
The author updates available data on leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sandflies in Cameroon. After describing the natural environment, we present all the cases of the cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases recorded so far in this country. He refers also to the first biochemical characterisation of Leishmania major MON-26 in Cameroon. The data of a leishmanin skin test survey conducted in the Mokolo cutaneous leishmaniasis focus are presented as well as a repertoire of the phlebotomine sandfly species identified in the country. The implications and shortcomings of these available data are discussed and recommendations are drawn for further research.
Visceral leishmaniasis in Cameroon. Seroepidemiologic survey in the Kousseri region, north Cameroon
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique
A sero-epidemiological survey of school children was carried out in Kousseri, a focus for visceral leishmaniasis. Sero-immunological assays for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies were based on the indirect immunofluorescence assay test and counter-immunoelectrophoresis. 9 out of 223 school children tested positive for visceral leishmaniasis (seroprevalence rate of 4%). These 9 cases had no history of the disease. The data obtained confirm the endemicity of visceral leishmaniasis in this focus and call for extensive studies in order to determine the prevalence of the disease in the entire population as well as the main components of the transmission cycle.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
The cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector of parasitic disease which is transmitted via a dipterous insect bite, the phlebotomus. It always poses a problem for public health in Morocco and in many countries. It is a widespread pathology that develops under sporadic or endemic form. Having for objective to analyse the epidemiological situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis within Meknes prefecture and to detect the locations that are at risk to transmit this disease. We have offered to conduct a retrospective study of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases registered at the level of this prefecture all along the period of 2009 through 2013. This research aims to analyse the annual segmentation of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases according to urban or rural locations as well as the level of incidence by commune and by sectors. Data used is adopted for the epidemiological surveillance inserted in the register of the Epidemiological cell of the prefecture. The studied variables are: the num...
[Leishmaniasis in Ecuador. 3. Lutzomyia trapidoi, vector of Leishmania panamensis]
Annales de la Société belge de médecine tropicale, 1994
Lutzomyia trapidoi, the more abundant anthropophilic species, is a presumed leishmaniasis vector in the Pacific foothills of Ecuador. Three biotopes have been sampled (dwelling, and nearby coffee crop and primary forest) in the focus of Paraiso Escondido, by human bait catches, from August 1991 to October 1992. A large number of sandflies, 6,965 specimens, have been dissected to estimate peri and hypopyloric infections. All the peripyloric infections, characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis, were Leishmania panamensis. The percentage of these infections was low, around 3%, but they were massive. They occurred only in dry season. Hypopyloric infections were observed in Lu. trapidoi all the year round in the three biotopes. Their percentage was high, reaching 40%. Despite of many trials to cultivate the parasite on NNN medium, no stain could be isolated. It is suggested that the parasite could be L. equatorensis.
Parasitology International, 2021
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
[Leishmaniasis in Ecuador. 1. Incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis on the Pacific coast]
PubMed, 1994
A clinico-epidemiologic survey on cutaneous leishmaniasis, due to Leishmania panamensis, was carried out on 961 persons in two study areas of the Pacific coast of Ecuador, to estimate the prevalence and the incidence of the disease. In the preandean hills, at Paraiso Escondido, the prevalence of active lesions was 4.8%; in the hills of the coastal cordillera, at La Tablada, it was 3.6%. The incidence of new cases in 1991 was high: 147% in the first village, and 106% in the second. These data are far higher than the Health Ministry statistics. The cumulated prevalence, obtained by addition of the scars and active lesions of leishmaniasis, was as high as 66% at Paraiso Escondido, and 47% at La Tablada. Most of the patients (62%) had only one ulcer or scar. Most of the people are contaminated during the first five years they live in these endemic areas. Nevertheless, the incidence remains high in all the age groups, because large numbers of migrants coming from non endemic regions are continuously settling in these colonization areas. Interviews have shown that the contaminations had occurred in the dry season, between July and December. These findings were confirmed by passive case detection at the Hospital A. Egas of Santo Domingo which covered the region. Contamination of young children and position of the lesions on the face suggested a domiciliary transmission, like in Panama and on the Pacific coast of Colombia.
2017
Selon l'hypothese de l'effet de dilution, les ecosystemes les plus riches en especes seraient egalement les moins propices a la circulation des agents infectieux du fait de la presence d'hotes non competents constituant des impasses epidemiologiques. Dans cette these, nous explorons l'existence de ce phenomene sur le modele des leishmanioses cutanees zoonotiques en Guyane. Des outils moleculaires bases sur l'utilisation des technologies de sequencage haut-debit ont ete developpes pour etudier le systeme epidemiologique. Ces outils ont ensuite ete employes pour caracteriser le cycle de transmission des leishmanioses dans des sites forestiers sujets a differents niveaux de perturbation d'origine humaine. Nos resultats semblent globalement congruents avec l'hypothese de l'effet de dilution, et indiquent un risque infectieux plus eleve sur le site le plus perturbe. Toutefois, les differences observees entre les sites ne sont pas significatives et d'av...
Les cultures sur milieu NNN dans le diagnostic biologique des leishmanioses
Pathologie Biologie, 2009
Les leishmanioses, cutanée et viscérale, représentent les maladies vectorielles les plus fréquentes en Tunisie. Leur confirmation biologique est nécessaire avant l'administration des traitements contraignants, coûteux et toxiques qui leurs sont réservés. Une évaluation rétrospective de l'apport des cultures de leishmanies sur milieu NNN dans le diagnostic des leishmanioses a été réalisée sur les données de 375 cultures ayant intéressé 214 cas de LC (leishmaniose cutanée) et 125 de LV (leishmaniose viscérale) recrutés consécutivement à l'institut Pasteur de Tunis entre 1995 et 2007. La sensibilité globale au cours de la LC a été de 68,2 % ; elle était significativement supérieure avec les prélèvements de LC zoonotique (78,8 %) par rapport à ceux de LC sporadique (54,9 %) ; p < 0,001. Cette différence s'explique par la pousse plus aisée sur le milieu NNN de Leishmania (L.) major, agent de la première forme nosogéographique comparativement à L. infantum, particulièrement son zymodème MON-24, agent de la seconde. Au cours de la LV, la sensibilité des couches leucocytaires était non différente de celle des moelles osseuses (MO) (58,2 % versus 70,8 %, p = 0,1) témoignant de l'intérêt des prélèvements sanguins qui permettent d'éviter la traumatisante ponction de MO. Aussi bien au cours de la LC que la LV, le classique examen direct s'est révélé le plus sensible, respectivement 89,7 et 93,4 % ( p < 0,001 et p < 0,001). Cependant, la pratique systématique de la culture, en parallèle avec l'incontournable examen direct, est recommandée. En effet, en plus de redresser certains diagnostics, 22 cas dans notre série, la culture permet l'isolement et l'identification isoenzymatique de la souche parasitaire impliquée, ce qui permet de disposer des données épidémiologiques indispensables à la compréhension des cycles parasitaires et la mise en place des mesures de contrôle appropriées. Comme toutes les cultures, celles des leishmanies sont également confrontées au problème de contamination, dont le taux a été dans notre étude de 5,9 %. Conformément aux prévisions, la contamination a concerné davantage les prélèvements cutanés, soumis à la surinfection, 8,4 % que ceux de sang ou de MO (2,5 % ; p = 0,015). # 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.