Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Pollution and Bioavailability in Roadside Soil of Alexandria-Marsa Matruh Highway, Egypt (original) (raw)
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Environment Protection Engineering, 2018
The impact of land use and a distance from the highway on heavy metal concentration in soils along the highway has been investigated. 28 soil samples were collected in August 2014 from the roadside soils of the Hemmat highway of Tehran, Iran. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cd were 144, 17.20, 18.91, 86.84, 3.86 mg/kg–1, respectively. With exception for Cd, the concentrations of the heavy metals decreased upon increasing distance from the highway that shows the background amount of cadmium in the soil area was high. The values of the enrichment factor (EF) showed that Ni, Zn and Cr have a natural source (EF < 10) and Pb and Cd have an anthropogenic source (EF > 10). The anthropogenic sources are emphasized for these heavy metals, thus indicating the strong human influence. The mean values of geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Pb, Zn, Cd were high at residential, under-construction and green space land uses. The ecological risk index (RI) for...
Contamination of roadside soil, plants, and air with heavy metals in Jordan, a comparative study
Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 1999
Copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in surface soil, plants, and air samples taken from both sides of the major highway connecting Amman with the southern parts of Jordan. Elevated levels of the studied elements were found in both soil and plants on the east side and on the west side of the road compared with the background values. The higher levels of heavy metals east of the road were due to the westerly prevailing wind at the sampling sites. The comtamination decreased exponentially with distance from the edge of the road and dropped to the background level at about 60 m. In soil samples, the average concentrations, 1.5 m east of the highway, were 29.7, 0.75, 188.8 and 121.7 µ g/g for Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The levels of these elements in plants 3 m east of the highway were 31.3, 7.3, and 98.7 µ g/g for Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, whereas for air they were 0.40, 0.94, and 0.26 µ g/m 3 . The values of the heavy metals suggest that automobiles are a major source of these metals in the roadside environment and also these values were compared with results found by other investigators in various countries worldwide. Finally, the roadside soil and plants had significantly high contents of heavy metals and their levels increased with increasing traffic densities and furthermore, they reached elevated levels in urban areas.
Egyptian journal of soil science, 2017
AUTOMOBILE exhausts are considered the main source of air pollution with heavy metals. Airborne pollutants are precipitated on soils surrounding highways causing serious ecological hazards. The current study aimed at evaluating levels of Pb, Ni, Co and Cd in surface (015-cm) and subsurface (15-40 cm) soils nearby Cairo-Alexandria agricultural highway, and their accumulation in plants grown thereon. Seven locations were sampled at interval distances 50 meters on both sides of the highway road near Toukh city (Qualubya Governorate). Cabbage and citrus plants were also sampled and separated into its parts. Results revealed that the investigated soils are contaminated with Pb, Ni and Cd. These contaminants were brought to the subsurface layers of the soil at relatively high concentrations. Total and DTPA-extractable contents of Pb and Ni in the top surface soil decreased with increasing the distance from the high way on both sides of the road. Moreover, concentrations of these metals in the cabbage parts were significantly correlated with their total and DTPA-extractable contents. However, Co and Cd in soils seemed to be not affected by the exhausts of the cars on the highway. Heavy metals decreased in cabbage parts as follows: root > stem > outer leaves > inner leaves > core. Calculated BAF values for Pb, Ni and Co were very low indicating that cabbage might be an excluder for these metals whereas, their transfer from roots to shoots (transfer factor, Ts) were high. Heavy metal concentrations in citrus decreased as leaves > flavedo > albedo > segments. Generally, concentrations of heavy metals in plants particularly Pb exceeded the permissible limits. 19
Analysis of heavy metals concentration deposited in roadside soil
Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) flame atomization technique was used to analyzed the concentration of Pb, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cd and Ni on the soil samples collected from a segment of the Samaru highway (Sokoto Road) from Main gate to North gate (and from North gate to Main gate) of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. A total of ten (10) samples from both sides of the road were collected systematically and analyzed at the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria. The result of the analysis showed that Lead (Pb) has the highest concentration level followed by Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) with mean values of 1.4439ppm and1.7850 ppm, 0.3192ppm and 0.3254ppm, 0.0154ppm and 0.0131ppm, and 0.1726ppm and 0.1449ppm respectively. The concentration level of the heavy metals obtained from the analysis is lower than the Maximum Permissible Limits of 20ppm, 0.2ppm, 60ppm, and 0.25ppm for Lead, Manganese, Chromium and Cadmium respectively.
Heavy metal pollution of soils along North Shuna-Aqaba Highway, Jordan
International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2004
Attention to heavy metal contamination associated with highways or motorways has risen in the last decades because of the associated health hazards and risks. The present study analysed the metal content in soil samples of one of the main highways along the western part of the Jordanian border, the North Shuna-Dead Sea-Aqaba Highway. The metals analysed were Pb, Zn, Cd, Co and Ni. In the samples collected, the recorded average concentrations were as follows: 40 ppm for Ni, 5 ppm for Cd, 79 ppm for Zn, 79 ppm for Pb, and 25 ppm for Co. The average concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Co are higher than the average natural background values of heavy metals. The geoaccumulation index of these metals in the soils under study indicated that they are uncontaminated with Ni, Zn, and Co and moderately contaminated with Cd and Pb. In all of the investigated locations, the study found that concentrations decreased with depth. The cluster statistical analyses and pollution load index were used to relate pollution to land use or highway conditions. Two main trends were identified: (i) higher concentrations were located near intersections close to the urban areas in the Jordan Valley, in association with junctions controlled by traffic lights and check points, and (ii) lower concentrations were found to the southwest in areas of mainly barren landscape close to the Dead Sea and Aqaba.
Influence of Highway Traffic on Contamination of Roadside Soil with Heavy Metals
Civil Engineering Journal, 2021
This study is one of the first works which examined the assessment of heavy metal contamination of pavement-side soils in Algeria. It deals with the section of National Highway 3 (RN3), which crosses the wilaya of Batna. In the environment of sampling sites there is no industry or dangerous activity on the environment, the heavy metals addressed in this study are (Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn), their origin being road traffic. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Determine the concentrations of heavy metals in road dust; (2) Identify the sources of different heavy metals in soils and road dust; (3) Exploring the extent of heavy metal pollution in neighbouring soils. To this end, 33 samples were collected, including 03 road dust and 30 soil samples over different distances from 1m to 80m. The samples were analyzed by FRX. Results indicated that concentrations in road dust were higher than in soil. The distribution of heavy metal concentrations in dust is Fe>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni, and the distribution in the ground is Fe>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr>Ni in the direction of Biskra and in the opposite direction and decreases away from the road, while the distribution in the central solid ground is Fe> Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn>Ni. Climatic conditions such as wind, rainfall, temperature, humidity and the nature of the terrain were also significantly related to their enrichment in these roadside soils. The enrichment factor (EF) and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were calculated, as well as all elements with a (EF) that ranges from moderate to high to extremely contaminated, reflecting the high anthropogenic load of these metals in the study area and the results of the Igéo accumulation indices confirm the results obtained for the enrichment factor (EF).
Geo-environmental study of heavy metals of the agricultural highway soils, NW Jordan
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2018
This study investigated the status and distribution patterns of selected heavy metals in roadside soils along Irbid-North Shooneh Highway, Jordan. This highway has experienced a growing number of vehicles that are likely to influence the levels of heavy metals in the surrounding agricultural lands. The average concentrations of Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni were 16.0, 36.0, 11.0, 4.0, 79.0, 122.0, and 60.0 mg/kg, respectively. Cd, Pb, and Co showed average levels that are higher than the average world soil background values. Elevated levels of heavy metals were measured in surface soil layer which decreased with depth, and with distance from the roadway. The contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), single ecological risk (Ei), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) generally indicated that the roadside soils are contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Ni. Heavy metals in soils are of geogenic and anthropogenic origins. Weathering of parent rocks in Wadi Al-Arab catchment is the primary natural source, whereas agrochemicals, vehicle exhausts, degradation of surface wear and paint of vehicles, vehicle wear debris of tire, and brake lining are the main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals.
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Industrial, Agricultural, and Highway Soils in Northern Iran
Environmental Justice, 2012
In this article, heavy metal concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in industrial, agricultural, and highway soils in the north of Iran (Amol-Babol) have been investigated. The soil samples were collected randomly from the identified areas and after transfer to the laboratory, they were dried in an oven and then ground by mill and passed through a 2 mm polyethylene sieve. A mixture of HNO 3 and HCL was used to extract the metals existing in samples. The measurement of Zn, Cd, and Pb was done by Perkin-Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), model 603, after filtration by number 42 Whatman paper. Mean concentrations of the metals were calculated in mg/kg in industrial, agricultural, and highway soils, respectively as follows: Pb 213 -132, 19.70 -9.5, 84 -38; Cd 4.90 -3.80, 1.9 -1.2, 0.95 -0.40; and Zn 214 -111.50, 112 -47, and 107 -39.50. The highest concentration of these metals was observed in industrial area soils. According to the obtained results, the mean concentration of Pb and Cd in the industrial areas of Amol and Babol was more than the permissible limit of Iran's environment conservation organization and Zn concentration in all of the studied regions was less than the permissible limit (400 mg/kg). A significant statistical difference has also been observed between the mean concentration of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the industrial, agricultural, and highway soils and their background concentration.
Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Topsoil in North East Jordan
Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2015
Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past, a study of heavy metals in roadside soils is critical in assessing the potential environmental impacts of automobile emission on soil. The present research was conducted to study heavy metals contamination in roadside soils of Mafraq-Zarqa highway in Jordan. The soil samples were collected and analyzed for the levels of Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn using flam atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that all heavy metals except Mn are lower than other studies. The results indicate the decreasing order of the average total metals content for the studied metals: Mn> Zn > Cu > Ni> Pb> Cd, higher levels of heavy metals east of the roadside were due to the westerly prevailing wind at the sampling site. The contamination decreased with distance from off the edge of the roadside and dropped to background level at about 60m west, also the contamination of the top soil was higher than the lower soil, finally the levels of heavy metals increased with increasing traffic densities and furthermore, they reached elevated levels in urban areas.