The Classification of Prayer Halls in Modern Saudi Masjids: With Special Reference to the City of Jeddah (original) (raw)
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The paper presents the results of a study on internal design of Malaysian mosques from a typological way of research. Specifically it will look at the form and spatial variety which leads to the functionality of interior space. Orientation of mosques is taken into serious consideration because the prostration activity for Muslims is performed while facing the 'qibla' towards the Ka'bah in Mecca, where the unity of the religion can be seen during the congregational prayers. Apart from that, this typoiogical research will also show clearly the evolution of mosque architecture from the beginning of Islamic embracement in Malaysia. From there, classification of types of mosque design will be defined by analyzing the inner spatial composition and not just by looking at the external built forms. As a result, it is hoped that this paper will help innovate design solutions to the mosque designers and to Muslims who will be using the facility . The typological index produced in this paper will help the present and future generation to learn history through the trend of mosques design evaluation that is shown in the classified images.
Spatial and Architectural Design Aspects in Community Based Mosques
Journal of Islamic Architecture, 2001
Indonesia as one of the biggest Muslim countries in the world are very rich in the quality and quantity of<br />mosques architecture. The largest number of mosques in Indonesia is designed, built, and developed by local<br />communities. Unfortunately, the potention of these kind of mosques is often unconsciously forgotten in the<br />field of architectural studies. Therefore, this research is held to define these mosques’ spatial and<br />architectural design aspects which were considered as appropriate for the needs of their local communities’.<br />As a descriptive-qualitative architectural research, the methods employed in this research are (1) field<br />surveying, (2) architectural documenting, and (3) informal interview, which were held in three purposive<br />sample of mosques: Masjid An-Nur Jagalan, Masjid Gading Pesantren, and Masjid Jami’ Kauman Malang. These<br />three mosques were chosen because of their close relations wi...
The Usefulness of Main Prayer Hall of Masjid Agung Islamic Center of Lhokseumawe, Aceh - Indonesia
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
Spatial design of masjids is typically the result of duplicating or replicating typology considered appropriate by the Muslim community. Often, this approach results in a massive centralized main prayer space that is underutilized and may contradict fundamental Islamic principles derived from the Quran and Hadith (canonical sayings of Prophet Muhammad ) This article attempts to reveal the utilization of the main praying hall at Masjid Agung Islamic Center (MAIC) of Lhokseumawe. Further, this study challenges the MAIC in light of the Islamic principle of ‘avoiding exaggeration’. Observation was conducted over 30 days alongside an exploration of values and principles guiding Islamic Architecture according to Quran and Hadith. Findings show the utilization of the main prayer hall of MAIC averaged 3.24% on a daily basis and 3.26% for Shalah (ritual prostration performed five times a day); clearly, a sign of wasted space. Results of this study are expected to stimulate discussion in the ...
Central Courtyard in Traditional Mosques of Iran
2015
Although the “central courtyard” or “Sahn”—as an important part of Iranian mosques with its formal, conceptual, and functional richness—provides a unique spatial experience for worshipers, little research has been conducted on its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The consequence of this lack of sufficient knowledge is that in today’s mosques, either the central courtyard is eliminated altogether or if it exists, it fails to create a favorable spatial quality. The present article aims to acquire a better knowledge of Sahn by studying it from various perspectives so as to determine its effectiveness on architecture and spatial quality. The field and library study methodology was used, and the collected data was obtained by analyzing the architecture of different mosques in Iran and by making comparisons with mosques in other countries. The results indicate that Sahn exert a fundamental influence in a mosque, and that eliminating or reducing its role in contemporary mosque...
ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2016
The design of any building depends on the elements and principles of design which are the basic needs in architectural design. The masjid design started with a simple form which used for multiple functions as led it to become religious, social and political center in the cities. Therefore, the design of masjids as any other buildings has changed across the history and varies from region to region and from period to period. The masjid building is composed of many elements which have different classifications as some of them classified them as; (functional and symbolic elements), (constant and variable elements), (basic, complementary and extra elements) and so on. Thus, these elements should be taken into consideration in designing masjids as each of them has its own proportion. From here this study started to seek to find the proportion of some elements in the masjid design in Erbil city in order to compare them with each other and with the standard proportions too. Thus, the general problem of the study is determined as; “The implementation of a design which is not suitable for the site led to have many loosed spaces in the masjid design in Erbil city”, in order to specify the scope of the study, the research problem is; “There are many masjids in Erbil city which has taken only prayer hall into consideration without considering the proportion of other elements”. The main aim of the study is to find a proper proportion for each element according to the prayer hall in order to have a suitable design by taking the site into consideration. The study takes some samples in Erbil’s masjids which their area is above 1000m² so that to compare them with the known proportions which have found in literature review. Thus, the study concludes that neglecting the number of users and the proportion of each element led to lose the basic principles of design in masjid buildings. The study recommends the architects to take these points into consideration in the design of masjid buildings.
Mosque layout design: An analytical study of mosque layouts in the early Ottoman period
Frontiers of Architectural Research Journal - Elsevier, 2013
This study attempts to quantify the influence of spatial configuration on the functional efficiency of mosque layouts in the early Ottoman period. The literature review consists of two parts. The first part is a theoretical study of the relationship between spatial configuration and functional efficiency of mosque layouts. This part highlights the key syntactical characteristics and effect of spatial configuration on the level of functional efficiency using space syntax theory. The second part is an analytical comparative description of the changes and transformations in the configurations of mosque layouts. The architectural styles are classified into six types based on layout designs. The main benchmarks and indicators involved in measuring the functional efficiency of mosque layouts are analyzed using the A-graph 2009 software program, which provides numerical results. This analysis compares entire samples of mosque layout designs for each category. The numerical results indicate the effect of spatial configurations and the functions of mosque layouts. This study shows that mosques with courtyard layouts are accessible, efficient, and flexible in terms of function because of their distinct syntactical and morphological spatial structures.
1987
In this study of four recent projects of mosque architecture in the Muslim world, the works of architects Abdel Wahid El-Wakil, Rasim Badran, Robert Venturi and Halim Abdel Halim conciliate the cultural heritage of Arab-Muslim societies with the Western modernizing design methods that have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century. The designs of the four architects addressed the apparent dilemma of the duality between tradition and modernity, in an effort to suggest a character for the identity of the contemporary mosque architecture in a dynamic cultural environment. The study seeks to discern and to evaluate the theoretical models and the methodology employed in the design process of each project, with the intention of understanding their cultural compatibility. All the projects are located within the same general area, Iraq,Qatar and Saudi Arabia, and all are based on the hypostyle mosque,although they differ in their fundamental use of the architectural vocab...
Architecture of mosques and Islamic centers in Non-Muslim context
Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V., 2017
Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world. The Muslim population increases as Islam spreads around the world, which leads to increasing demand for Islamic buildings such as mosques and Islamic centers. Mosques play an important role in Islam and Muslim life. In several countries, in particular, the Western mosques are seen as a newcomer whose building type is both unique and foreign to local people who are unaccustomed to the visual expression of Islam in the West. The mosque is one of the most visual expressions of global Muslim religious identity in non-Muslim context. The significant numbers of countries have a lot of different architecture styles of their Islamic buildings. Each mosque has its own individual touch. The most important factors behind this variation in form and styles can be divided into nature impacts as (local materials and environment), followed by man-made impacts by (Muslim immigrants, colonialism, funding, and laws, culture, and traditions). The study aims to examine each factor and their influences on the architecture of mosques and Islamic centers in non-Muslim context through analysis and a comparison of a number of examples. Ó 2017 Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).