Radio Propagation Measurements in the Indoor Stairwell Environment at 3.5 and 28 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks (original) (raw)
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2020
To satisfy the demand for ever-increasing data rates in the mobile networks, and that the high demands for the future applications in the 5G system require more capacity. In the microwave band below 6 GHz, most of the available bands are occupied; hence, the microwave band above 6 GHz and mmWave band can be used for the 5G system to cover the bandwidth required for all 5G applications. In this paper, the propagation characteristics at three different bands above 6 GHz (19, 28, and 38 GHz) are investigated in an indoor corridor environment for line of sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios. Five different path loss models are studied for this environment, namely, close-in (CI) free space path loss, floating-intercept (FI), frequency attenuation (FA) path loss, alpha-beta-gamma (ABG), and close-in free space reference distance with frequency weighting (CIF) models. Important statistical properties, such as power delay profile (PDP), root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and azimuth a...
Comparative Study of Indoor Propagation Model Below and Above 6 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks
Electronics, 2019
It has been widely speculated that the performance of the next generation based wireless network should meet a transmission speed on the order of 1000 times more than the current cellular communication systems. The frequency bands above 6 GHz have received significant attention lately as a prospective band for next generation 5G systems. The propagation characteristics for 5G networks need to be fully understood for the 5G system design. This paper presents the channel propagation characteristics for a 5G system in line of sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios. The diffraction loss (DL) and frequency drop (FD) are investigated based on collected measurement data. Indoor measurement results obtained using a high-resolution channel sounder equipped with directional horn antennas at 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz as a comparative study of the two bands below and above 6 GHz. The parameters for path loss using different path loss models of single and multi-frequencies have been estimated. The ex...
Indoor Office Propagation Measurements and Path Loss Models at 5.25 GHz
2007
Based on 5.25 GHz wideband channel measurements performed in indoor office environment, empirical path loss models in in-room line-of-sight (LoS), room-corridor, and room-room non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagation conditions are developed for future wireless radio systems. One-slope and dual-slope log-distance models are adopted in in-room LoS and room-corridor conditions, respectively. In room-room NLoS condition, we propose the enhanced attenuation factor models: AF-extended and AF-linear models to further explore the effect of medium walls, heavy walls and doors. This work offers valuable propagation measurements in a frequency range that is being considered allocating to IMT-advanced systems.
Indoor Corridor and Office Propagation Measurements and Channel Models at 8, 9, 10 and 11 GHz
IEEE Access
Recent research into radio propagation and large-scale channel modeling shows that frequencies can be used above 6 GHz for the new generation of mobile communications (5G). This article provides a detailed account of measurement campaigns that use directional horn antennas in co-polarization (V-V and H-H) and cross-polarization (V-H) in line-of-sight (LOS) and obstructed-line-of-sight (OLOS) situations between the transmitter and receptor; they were carried out in a corridor and computer laboratory located at the Federal University of Para (UFPA). The measurement data were used to adjust path loss prediction models of radio propagation, through the minimum mean square error (MMSE) method, for indoor environments in the frequencies of 8, 9, 10 and 11 GHz. The parameters for the models that were determined are as follows: path loss exponent (PLE), polarization exponent (co-and cross-polarization), effects of shadowing and path loss exponent for wall losses. Standard deviation and standard deviation point by point are included as statistical metrics. The approximations with regard to the large-scale path loss models for frequencies of 8, 9, 10 and 11 GHz show a convergence with the measured data, owing to the method employed for the optimization of the MMSE to determine the parameters of the model.
Electronics
Although the deployment of 5G networks has already started, there are still open questions regarding propagation at millimeter-wave frequency bands. Several propagation campaigns have been carried out at several bands previously identified by regulatory organizations, but due to the wide range of allocated segments of spectrum and the variety of possible propagation scenarios, more measurement campaigns are needed. In this regard, the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) has taken millimeter-wave measurements at 26, 32, and 39 GHz bands in an indoor corridor scenario in line-of-sight (LOS) conditions with two antenna configurations (a horn antenna has been used in transmission whereas horn and omnidirectional antennas have been used in reception), and the main results are presented in this paper. The obtained path loss results have been compared with existing millimeter-wave propagation models.
Path loss and delay spread for the stairwell channel at 5GHz
Measured channel characterization results are provided for six stairwells in the 5-GHz band, for two distinct stairwell types and two antenna polarizations. The stairwell channel is of interest for several applications, including Wi-Fi and public safety. Although other authors have reported stairwell path loss for other frequency bands (900 MHz, 2.4, 5.8 GHz), to our knowledge, ours is the first work at 5 GHz. More significantly, we report on floor attenuation factors and delay spread, which prior work has not thoroughly addressed. We measured power delay profiles and from these estimated propagation path loss and root-mean square delay spread (RMS-DS). Path loss exponents were between 5.5 and 8.3, and vertically polarized monopoles yield larger path loss and path loss exponents than horizontal polarization. Mean RMS-DS values ranged from 15 to 57 ns for link distances covering up to three flights of stairs.
Propagation models at 5.8 GHz-path loss and building penetration
RAWCON 2000. 2000 IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (Cat. No.00EX404)
This paper presents a propagation study at 5.725 GHz-5.825 GHz, within the U.S. Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band. Propagation path loss is measured at 5.8 GHz in a residential area near Boulder, CO. Experimental sets of data are collected for a 100 MHz broadband channel, used to establish a high-speed (T1) data link. A plurality of propagation models are referenced, reviewed and commented upon. Data sets are separated into line of sight (LOS) and non line of sight (NLOS) subsets, and in each case a suitable model is found to match our measured data. We show in particular that, under certain conditions, and with a LOS/NLOS distinction, the use of widely known models may be extended to a broadband channel at 5.8 GHz. These results are noteworthy since these propagation models were designed for cellular and PCS use at lower frequency and narrow-band channels. Subsequently we study indoor propagation: penetration losses into residences are measured, average and standard deviation values are derived for in-building penetration. These values are analyzed in conjunction with the previous modeling, and lead to guidelines for indoor coverage. I.
Wide-band frequency domain measurement and modeling of indoor radio channels at 5GHz for future HIPERLAN system are presented. Vector Network Analyzer is used to measure the frequency response of the channel. Impulse response profiles a r e obtained by using inverse Fourier Transform. Empirical values of the RMS delay spread and number of multipath are tested for normal distribution using Anderson-Darling goodness of fit test and the statistics are presented. For most of the cases, RMS deIay spread d u e s showed good fit t o normal distribution, where as the number of multipath values rejected the null-hypothesis that it follows normal distribution. Statistics of the RMS delay spread, number of multipath and the coherence bandwidth are also presented.
Wideband Indoor Radio Propagation Measurements at 5.4 GHz
2012
Wideband indoor time domain measurements at 5.4 GHz are presented in this paper. A swept Time Delay Cross Correlator is used to measure the radio channel, and the measurements are performed using an autonomous robot that follows a predefi ned route line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight modern offi ce buildings. Analysis shows that the RMS delay spread follows a normal distribution whose mean does not always increase with distance. Also, the global statistics of the RMS delay spread follow a truncated normal distribution with a bett er fi t. Results are presented in the form of RMS delay spread and power delay profi les.
Survey of Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Models in Indoor Environments
MDPI, 2021
The millimeter-wave (mmWave) is expected to deliver a huge bandwidth to address the future demands for higher data rate transmissions. However, one of the major challenges in the mmWave band is the increase in signal loss as the operating frequency increases. This has attracted several research interests both from academia and the industry for indoor and outdoor mmWave operations. This paper focuses on the works that have been carried out in the study of the mmWave channel measurement in indoor environments. A survey of the measurement techniques, prominent path loss models, analysis of path loss and delay spread for mmWave in different indoor environments is presented. This covers the mmWave frequencies from 28 GHz to 100 GHz that have been considered in the last two decades. In addition, the possible future trends for the mmWave indoor propagation studies and measurements have been discussed. These include the critical indoor environment, the roles of artificial intelligence, channel characterization for indoor devices, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and mmWave for 6G systems. This survey can help engineers and researchers to plan, design, and optimize reliable 5G wireless indoor networks. It will also motivate the researchers and engineering communities towards finding a better outcome in the future trends of the mmWave indoor wireless network for 6G systems and beyond.