Starmerella caucasica sp. nov., a novel anamorphic yeast species isolated from flowers in the Caucasus (original) (raw)
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Starmerella syriaca f.a., sp. nov., an osmotolerant yeast species isolated from flowers in Syria
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2015
Four strains of a novel asexual ascomycetous yeast species were isolated from Malva sp. flowers in Syria. Sequencing of the regions spanning the small subunit, 5.8S, and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal RNA genes showed that the isolates were conspecific. Comparative analysis of these sequences and the corresponding sequences of the type strains of ascomycetous yeasts revealed that the novel species is phylogenetically related to members of the Starmerella clade. Its closest relative is Candida vaccinii. For the new species the name Starmerella syriaca is proposed. Its strains are osmotolerant and produce pseudohypha-like structures capable of penetrating agar media. The type strain is 2-1362 T (=CBS 13909 T = NCAIM Y.02138 T = CCY 090-003-001 T). The GenBank accession numbers for its nucleotide sequences are: JX515986 (D1/ D2 LSU), JX515987 (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and JX515988 (SSU). Mycobank: MB 810090.
Starmerella neotropicalis f. a., sp. nov., a yeast species found in bees and pollen
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2013
A novel yeast species was found repeatedly and in high cell densities in underground-nesting stingless bees of the species Melipona quinquefasciata and their provisions in northern Minas Gerais (Brazil). One additional strain was isolated from bee-collected pollen in Cuba. Phylogenetic analyses based on rRNA gene sequences (D1/D2 large subunit gene and internal transcribed spacer) indicated that the novel species belongs to the Starmerella clade and is most closely related to Candida (iter. nom. Starmerella) apicola. Growth reactions on carbon and nitrogen sources were typical of those observed in related species of the Starmerella clade. PCRfingerprinting with mini-and microsatellite specific primers allowed the distinction of the novel species from Candida apicola, Candida bombi and a yet undescribed species represented by strain CBS 4353. On the basis of phylogenetic relationships, the novel species is assigned to the genus Starmerella despite the failure to observe sexual reproduction after extensive mating tests. We propose the name Starmerella neotropicalis f. a., sp. nov. (Mycobank MB 804285) and designate UFMG PST 09 T (5MUCL 53320 T 5CBS 12811 T ) as the type strain.
Biogeography of the yeasts of ephemeral flowers and their insects
FEMS Yeast Research, 2001
We studied specific yeast communities vectored by beetles, drosophilids, and bees that visit ephemeral flowers, mostly in the genus Hibiscus and in the families Convolvulaceae and Cactaceae, in the Neotropical, Nearctic, and Australian biogeographic regions. The communities consist mostly of yeasts in four clades centered around the genera Metschnikowia, Kodamaea, Wickerhamiella, and Starmerella. The largest geographic discontinuity occurs as a function of the nitidulid beetle species that dominate the non-pollinator insect visitors of the flowers. This partitions the New World, where the dominant beetle is in the genus Conotelus, from the Australian biogeographic region, dominated by species of Aethina. Distinct but sympatric insects may also carry radically different yeast communities. ß
Yeasts in floral nectar: a quantitative survey
Annals of Botany, 2009
† Background and Aims One peculiarity of floral nectar that remains relatively unexplored from an ecological perspective is its role as a natural habitat for microorganisms. This study assesses the frequency of occurrence and abundance of yeast cells in floral nectar of insect-pollinated plants from three contrasting plant communities on two continents. Possible correlations between interspecific differences in yeast incidence and pollinator composition are also explored. † Methods The study was conducted at three widely separated areas, two in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) and one in the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico). Floral nectar samples from 130 species (37-63 species per region) in 44 families were examined microscopically for the presence of yeast cells. For one of the Spanish sites, the relationship across species between incidence of yeasts in nectar and the proportion of flowers visited by each of five major pollinator categories was also investigated. † Key Results Yeasts occurred regularly in the floral nectar of many species, where they sometimes reached extraordinary densities (up to 4 Â 10 5 cells mm 23). Depending on the region, between 32 and 44 % of all nectar samples contained yeasts. Yeast cell densities in the order of 10 4 cells mm 23 were commonplace, and densities .10 5 cells mm 23 were not rare. About one-fifth of species at each site had mean yeast cell densities .10 4 cells mm 23. Across species, yeast frequency and abundance were directly correlated with the proportion of floral visits by bumblebees , and inversely with the proportion of visits by solitary bees. † Conclusions Incorporating nectar yeasts into the scenario of plant-pollinator interactions opens up a number of intriguing avenues for research. In addition, with yeasts being as ubiquitous and abundant in floral nectars as revealed by this study, and given their astounding metabolic versatility, studies focusing on nectar chemical features should carefully control for the presence of yeasts in nectar samples.
Starmerella vitis f.a., sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from flowers and grapes
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2020
A novel yeast species of Starmerella vitis f.a. sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate five strains isolated from flowers, grapes and an insect in the Azores, Canada, Hungary, Palau and Taiwan. As the strains were genetically distinct, we used parsimony network analysis based on ITS-D1/D2 sequences to delineate the species in a statistically objective manner. According to sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, the novel species is most closely related to Starmerella lactis-condensi. The two species cannot be distinguished by conventional physiological tests. The type strain of Starmerella vitis f.a., sp. nov. is CBS 16418 T ; Mycobank number MB 835251.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2001
Two new haplontic heterothallic species of Metschnikowia were isolated from floricolous insects and flowers. Metschnikowia lochheadii was recovered from insects found in various flowers on the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai and Maui, and from Conotelus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in northwestern Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. The morphology, physiology, and sexual cycle are typical of the large-spored Metschnikowia species, and the partial ribosomal DNA large subunit (D1D2) sequences suggest that the new species is most closely related to Candida ipomoeae. Metschnikowia lochheadii is nearly indistinguishable from its ascogenous relatives and conjugates freely with Metschnikowia continentalis, forming sterile asci. It also exhibits asymmetric mating with Metschnikowia hawaiiensis. Metschnikowia drosophilae was found in morning glory (Ipomoea sp.) flowers and associated Drosophila bromeliae on Grand Cayman Island. Its nutritional profile is atypical of the genus, being the only species that does not utilize sucrose or maltose as carbon sources, and one of the few that does not utilize melezitose. D1D2 sequences show that Metschnikowia drosophilae is a sister species to Candida torresii, to which it bears considerable similarity in nutritional profile. The type cultures are: Metschnikowia lochheadii, strains UWO(PS)00-133.2 = CBS 8807 (h + , holotype) UWO(PS)99-661.1 = CBS 8808 (h -, isotype); and Metschnikowia drosophilae, strains UWO(PS)83-1135.3 = CBS 8809 (h + , holotype) and UWO(PS)83-1143.1 = CBS 8810 (h -, isotype). Résumé : Deux nouvelles espèces haploides et hétérothalliques de Metschnikowia ont été isolées de fleurs et d'insectes floricoles. Metschnikowia lochheadii a été recueillie d'insectes habitant plusieurs fleurs dans les îles hawaiiennes de Kauai et de Maui et de Conotelus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) dans le nord-ouest de la province de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. La morphologie, la physiologie et le cycle sexué sont typiques des espèces de Metschnikowia à spores géantes et selon les séquences partielles de la grande sous-unité de l'ADN ribosomique (D1D2), elle est proche parente de Candida ipomoeae. Metschnikowia lochheadii est quasi-identique à ses congénères ascogènes et conjugue librement avec Metschnikowia continentalis avec formation d'asques stériles. Elle se croise de façon assymmétrique avec Metschnikowia hawaiiensis. Metschnikowia drosophilae provient des fleurs de gloire du matin (Ipomoea sp.) et de Drosophila bromeliae receuillies sur ces fleurs sur l'île de Grand Cayman. Le profil nutritif de cette levure n'est pas typique du genre, vu que c'est la seule espèce incapable d'utiliser le saccharose ou le maltose comme sources de carbone et une des seules à ne pas utiliser le mélézitose. Les séquences D1D2 démontrent que Metschnikowia drosophilae est une espèce-soeur de Candida torresii, à laquelle elle est très semblable quant au profil nutritif. Les souches-type sont: Metschnikowia lochheadii, strains UWO(PS)00-133.2 = CBS 8807 (h + , holotype) UWO(PS)99-661.1 = CBS 8808 (h -, isotype); and Metschnikowia drosophilae, strains UWO(PS)83-1135.3 = CBS 8809 (h + , holotype) and UWO(PS)83-1143.1 = CBS 8810 (h -, isotype).
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 2016
Four strains of a novel ascomycetous yeast species were isolated from flowers in Iran and China. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region (including 5.8S rDNA) and the LSU rRNA gene D1/D2 domains sequences indicated that these strains belong to the Starmerella clade and show divergence from previously described species in this clade. Growth reactions on carbon and nitrogen sources were similar to those observed in the related species of the Starmerella clade. Sexual reproduction was not observed after mating tests on different sporulation media. Based on physiological characteristics and phylogeny of rDNA sequences, the new species is most closely related to Candida (iter. nom. Starmerella) powellii and Candida (iter. nom. Starmerella) floricola. It is therefore assigned to the genus Starmerella and described as Starmerella orientalis f.a., sp. nov. (Type strain, SAM09T = IBRC-M 30204T = CBS 14142T). The MycoBank accession number of this new species is MB 814379.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2001
Three new asexual yeast species were isolated from various floricolous insects. Candida cleridarum sp. nov. was the dominant species in clerid beetles collected in flowers of various cacti in Arizona and Southern California. The sequence of the D1D2 domains of the large-subunit rDNA showed that it is a sister species to Candida fragi (09 % base difference), a yeast isolated once from fermenting strawberries. Candida tilneyi sp. nov. and Candida powellii sp. nov. were recovered from bees and from nitidulid beetles in flowers of two species of morning glory (Ipomoea) in north-western Costa Rica. C. tilneyi sp. nov. is most closely related to Candida geochares, but differs in the D1D2 sequence by 47 % base substitutions. C. powellii sp. nov. is a relative of Candida batistae and Candida floricola, showing sequence differences of 59 and 69 %, respectively. In all cases, the new species are phenotypically similar to their nearest relatives, but are sufficiently different to allow conventional identification. The type strains are C. cleridarum strain UWO(PS) 99-101.1 T ( l CBS 8793 T ), C. tilneyi strain UWO(PS) 99-325.1 T ( l CBS 8794 T ) and C. powellii strain UWO(PS) 99-325.3 T ( l CBS 8795 T ).
Comparative effects of two species of floricolous Metschnikowia yeasts on nectar
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, 2015
Comparative effects of two species of floricolous Metschnikowia yeasts on nectar. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 72(1): e019 Nectar yeast communities in southern Spain are dominated by two closely-related species, Metschnikowia reukaufii Pitt & M.W. Mill. and M. gruessii Gim.-Jurado (Ascomycota, Saccharomycetales), although they tend to be distributed differentially across different host plants. We explore here the possibility that the two yeasts play different functional roles in floral nectar by differing in their impact on sugar concentration and composition of nectar. Experiments were undertaken under controlled conditions using bumblebees caught foraging on the flowers of two different host plants each of which is known to harbor predominantly one of the two yeasts. Bumblebees were used as sources of inocula to obtain two groups of samples from the nectar of Helleborus foetidus L. (Ranunculaceae): nectar samples inoculated with M. gruessii and samples inoculated with M. reukaufii. Metschnikowia gruessii was poorly represented in nectar samples, while M. reukaufii was by far the most common and had the highest cell density. Although the two yeasts caused relatively similar changes in nectar sugar composition, which involved increasing fructose and decreasing sucrose proportions, they marginally differed in their quantitative impact on total nectar sugar concentration. Results suggest that differential yeast occurrence across host plants may lead to yeast specialization and modify the outcomes of the plant-pollinator interface.
Candida stigmatis sp. nov., a new anamorphic yeast species isolated from flowers
FEMS Yeast Research, 2010
Four strains of a previously unknown yeast species are described for which the name Candida stigmatis is proposed. The strains were isolated from stigmas of ant-visited Magnolia flowers in the Indian city of Hyderabad. The sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 18S rRNA genes were identical in the isolates and differed from the corresponding sequences of all known yeast species. In a phylogenetic analysis of these sequences, the new species formed a cluster with a group of six closely related anamorph Candida species (the closest species was Candida magnoliae, with 5% nucleotide substitution in the D1/D2 domain). Sexual reproduction was not observed in the isolates. The type strain is 11-465 T. It has been deposited in Centralbureau voor Schimmelcultures (Utrecht, the Netherlands) as CBS 11464 T and Culture Collection of Yeasts (Bratislava, Slovakia) as CCY 29-179-1 T. The GenBank accession numbers for the nucleotide sequences of its D1/D2 domain, ITS and 18S regions are GQ184144, GQ184143 and GQ184142, respectively.