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A multi-scale study of the interface between natural fibres and a biopolymer
A significant recent development in the composite field is the appearance of biocomposites (biopolymers reinforced by plant fibres) which combine mechanical performance and low environmental impacts. However, to replace conventional composites a significant effort is needed to understand their mechanical behaviour under complex loading (both in-plane and out-of-plane). The interfacial behaviour (fibre/matrix) of these materials also requires particular attention in order to optimize mechanical properties. With this aim modified Arcan, transverse tension and microdroplet debonding tests have been performed on flax reinforced PLLA biocomposites, as very few data of this type are available. The out-of-plane tensile and tensile-shear properties of these biocomposites are lower than those measured in shear. Manufacturing parameters, and particularly consolidation pressure, are critical for these materials. Out-of plane apparent shear strengths are similar to those from debonding tests. A common feature of the tests performed at the three scales is the appearance of fibre peeling.
Chapter 2 - Background: Plant fibres and their composites
This chapter aims to provide a broad understanding of plant fibres and their composites, specifically commenting on critical factors influencing the mechanical properties of plant fibre composites, thereby dictating their applicability in structural components. In essence, this chapter serves as a relevant background and literature review to the work described in this thesis. This chapter is based on the peer-reviewed journal article: Shah DU. Developing plant fibre composites for structural applications by optimising composite parameters: a critical review. Journal of Materials Science, 2013, 48(18): p. 6083-6107.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites
The need of natural fiber-reinforced composites is increasing at very fast rate because of their ecofriendly production, decomposition, high specific strength, abundance, good physical and mechanical properties. Available literature reveals that past researchers have done a lot of work for the preparation and characterization of fiber-reinforced composites. While developing natural fiber composites, researchers encountered various problems like hydrophilic nature of natural fibers, incompatibility of natural fibers with matrix materials, thermal instability of natural fibers, and poor interfacial bonding between reinforcing phase and matrix phase. However, some of these problems can be solved to a greater extent by considering surface treatment of natural fibers before they are used in the preparation of fiber-reinforced composites. Thus, there is a need for understanding the effect of several surface treatments on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites. The aim of...
COMPOSITES FROM NATURAL FIBRES
It is an incontrovertible fact that currently a number of natural fibres such as jute, flax bamboo coir and okra are being considered as suitable candidates for fibre reinforcement material in composites following chemical modification. Some of the fibres show hydrophobic behaviour following chemical treatments which makes them ideal for use in composites. Although a great deal of works has been done on the application of natural fibres by many research workers, only a few aspects of work have been reported and there are many questions to be answered. This paper addresses some of the issues connected with composites which are produced from natural fibres. In order to have information on the structure properties and their interrelationships, a considerable amount of work has been reported but some more work is desirable. Also, data on their properties following chemical modification are required.
Properties and modification methods for vegetable fibers for natural fiber composites
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1996
Studies on structure and properties of natural vegetable fibers (NVF) show that composites made of NVF combine good mechanical properties with a low specific mass. The high level of moisture absorption by the fiber, its poor wettability, as well as the insufficient adhesion between untreated fibers and the polymer matrix lead to debonding with age. To build composites with high mechanical properties, therefore, a surface modification of the fibers is necessary. The existing physical and chemical NVF modification methods-e.g., plasma treatment or graft copolymerization-which are used for the development of NVF-polymer composite properties is discussed. It is shown that modified cellulose fiber-polymer interaction mechanisms are complex and specific to every definite system. By using an coupling agent, like silanes or stearin acid, the Young's modulus and the tensile strength increases, dependent on the resin, until 50%. Simultaneously, the moisture absorption of the composites decreases for about 60%. With other surface modifications, similar results are obtained. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc I NTRO DUCT10 N Fiber-reinforced plastics are structural composites, in which a polymer matrix is combined with fibers, fabric cuttings, or filling webs. In conventional composites, the fibers are made of glass, aramid, or carbon. The advantage of fiber-reinforced plastics results from their structure. The controlled structure in which the fibers are lying in the polymer matrix increases the strength and the stiffness of the composite. At present, natural vegetable fibers (NVF) are used in composites, where high strength and stiffness are not of first priority. NVF reduce the mass of the composite, because they have a low density. Their production is economical, with low requirements on equipment, and they can easily be recycled.
Compatibilization of natural fibres as reinforcement of polymeric matrices
2019
Natural fibers have become a valuable resource in the composite industry; however, their use is limited due to their low compatibility with traditional polymeric matrices. That low compatibility promotes low mechanical strength in the composite material. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to treat the reinforcement material or the matrix before the composite manufacturing. This paper presents the results of a research aimed to study the effect of two compatibilization techniques applied to natural fibers, on the mechanical properties of the composite. The analyzed techniques were sodium hydroxide (NaOH) baths acting as coupling agent, as well as treatments using a dry etching plasma (physical sputtering). Natural fibers employed in this research were obtained from Guadua angustifolia bamboo culms, and the manufacturing of the composite was accomplished using a manual moulding technique and a polyester matrix. Results revealed that treatments using sodium hydroxide decrease the fibers' tensile strength, while the dry etching plasma treatments do not appear to affect their tensile strength. Moreover, both compatibilization techniques improve guaduapolyester composites' strength. It is believed that this increment is the result of the increase in the bonding strength between composite's phases.
Engineering Application of Natural Fibers and Its Properties: A Review
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022
This paper is based on a study of natural fiber, its properties and its application in Today's world Natural fiber composite is the vastest field of research for engineers, professionals and scientists due to its countless properties like biodegradability, less-cost material, low weight, biodegradable, good mechanical properties, ease of availability and microstructural properties. A literature survey has been done on natural fibers (jute, sisal, kenaf, cotton, cotton straw, coir, abaca banana, hemp, neem, etc) and their utilization. This paper represents a review of various natural fibers (Sisal, Abaca and Hemp), their mechanical properties and their application.
Surface Treatments of Natural Fibres—A Review: Part 1
Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry, 2015
This review is based on the surface treatment of natural fibres which can be used in technical applications. Natural fibres on their own have some draw backs regarding moisture uptake, quality variations, low thermal stability, and poor wettability. Insufficient adhesion between polymer matrix and fibre leads in time to debonding. Overcoming the weaknesses of these natural fibres gave the motivation for this study where physical and chemical methods of modification were considered. Physical methods such as electric discharge and mercerization were reported as well as the chemical methods such as graft copolymerization and treatment with isocyanates, and the results due to these modifications were discussed. This study reveals that natural fibres are good candidates for reinforcement but they have to be suitably treated to improve their properties if they are to be used in technical applications. The various fibre surface treatments actually improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibre surface and the matrix, thereby giving good mechanical properties to the resulted polymer composites.