Essential oil composition ofAcorus calamus L. from the lower region of the Himalayas (original) (raw)
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Natural product communications, 2013
Four essential oils from the leaf (P23) and rhizomes (P19, P22, P24) of Acorus calamus L., collected from various parts of Nepal, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. From a total of 61 peaks, 57 compounds were identified among the four essential oils accounting for 94.3%, 96.2%, 97.6%, and 94.1% of the oils, respectively. All of the essential oils were dominated by (Z)-asarone (78.1%-86.9%). The essential oils also contained (E)-asarone (1.9%-9.9%) and small amounts of gamma-asarone (2.0-2.3%), (Z)-methyl isoeugenol (1.5-2.0%), and linalool (0.2-4.3%). Allelopathic testing of the rhizome oil showed inhibition of seed germination of Lactuca sativa and Lolium perenne with IC50 values of 450 and 737 microg/mL, respectively. The rhizome essential oil demonstrated stronger seedling growth inhibition of L. perenne than of L. sativa, however. The rhizome oil also showed notable brine shrimp lethality (LC50 = 9.48 microg/mL), cytotoxic activity (92.2% kill on MCF-7 cel...
ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF ACORUS CALAMUS FROM DISTRICT-PITHORAGARH, UTTARAKHAD, INDIA
Many ethnomedicinal and ethnobotanical uses of the plant A. calamus has been used as traditional Chinese and Indian prescriptions for its beneficial effects on memory disorder, learning performance, lipid peroxide content, and anti-aging and anticholinergic activity. The essential oil of leaves of Acorus calamus, were extracted by steam distillation. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of volatile essential oil constituents of the plant was done by Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC-Mass Spectrometry. A total of 61 components of the essential oil of Acorus calamus, were identified accounting for 71.08 % of the total oil. The main compounds found were α-Asarone 16.54%, (E)-Methylisoeugenol 5.06 %, γ-Cadinene 3.00 %, α-pinene 2.96 % and Citronellal 2.82 %. INRTODUCTION Acorus calamus Linn. commonly known as Sweet Flag, belongs to the family Araceae (Adoraceae). It is also called as Acorus odoratus. The genus Acorus derived from Acoron (coreon = the pupil of the eye) and the species calamus is derived from the Greek word Calamos (a reed). The family Araceae comprises about 110 genera and more than 1,800 species. The members of the family are rhizomatous or tuberous herbs. Acorus calamus Linn. commercially occurs in both peeled and unpeeled forms.This perennial herb is common on the banks of streams and in damp marshy places.In Ayurvedic medicine Calamus is an
Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2019
The essential oil from the air dried powder of wild Acorus calamus L. rhizomes was isolated using Clevenger-type hydrodistillation apparatus and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. A total numbers of fourteen chemical constituents were identified and quantified occupying 100 % of total oil composition. The major chemical constituents are reported to be β-asarone (68.96 %), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (8.73 %) shyobunone (8.65 %), p-methoxyphenyl butanone (4.16 %) and the minor chemical constituents are δ-cadinene (0.84 %), isoelemicine (2.68 %), muurolene (1.92 %) and cis-ocimene (1.44 %). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil isolated from the wild Acorus calamus L. rhizomes was carried out using paper disc method against one Gram positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and three Gram negative bacteria of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris. The isolated essential oil from the dr...
Biological and Chemical Studies of Essential Oil and Extracts of Rhizome of Acorus calamus Linn
Journal of Nepal Chemical Society
The essential oil (EO) of the rhizome of Acorus calamus Linn. was isolated by using a Clevenger apparatus and extracts were prepared by cold percolation technique using the solvents hexane and methane. The chemical constituents of EO were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. A total number of nine chemical compounds were identified and quantified occupying 100% of the total oil composition. The major chemical constituent was reported to be β-asarone (84.87%). Acid value, saponification value, and iodine number of the oil were measured and found to be 0.24 mg KOH/g, 0.42 mg KOH/g, and 31.75 g I2/100gm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the hexane and methanol extract was examined against two bacteria by the agar well diffusion method. The hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against E. coli with a zone of inhibition(ZOI)of 10 mm, and. subtilis with ZOI of 7 mm. The methanol extract showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis only...
Chemical profiling and antioxidant activities of essential oil from rhizomes of Acorus calamus L
BIBECHANA, 2020
Acorus calamus L. is an indigenous herb in Nepal. It belongs to family Acoraceae and grows in wetland with scented rhizomes. It is also known as Sweet flag in English and commonly as Bojho in Nepal. The present investigation reveals the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of rhizome essential oil of A. calamus. The essential oil of rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. from Kaski district, Nepal was extracted by hydrodistillation method and volatile constituents were analyzed using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry technique. The antioxidant potential of essential oil was analyzed by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. A GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of β-asarone (22.38%), α-asarone (14.97%), 1-(4,6-dimethoxy-2,3dimethylphenylethanone (14.24%), Isoelemicin (5.68%), cis-methylisoeugenol (4.26%), α-calacorene (4.16%), and other 20 minor components. From DPPH assay, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) value of essential oil was found to be 109.83 µg/mL. These findings have strengthened the A. calamus is good source of compounds like β-asarone, α-asarone and can be used as potential antioxidants.
Essential Oil Composition of Achillea aucheri Boiss at Different Growing Altitudes in Damavand, Iran
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017
The genus Achillea is one of the most important medicinal plants in the Asteraceae family. Nineteen species of this genus have been described in the Flora Iranica, of which Achillea aucheri Boiss is an endemic species to Iran. Given the effect of geographic location on the quality and yield of essential oil, we performed an investigation to determine oil contents of A. aucheri growing at different altitudes of Mount Damavand and analyzed its components. Essential oil was extracted with hydro-distillation method and nearly 96.20% of oil components were identified using GC and GC/MS, on average. These components included isopulegol (16.39%), yomogi alcohol (10.92%), (Z)-ß-ocimene (9.84%), camphor (5.65%), 1,8-cineole (4.98%), linalool (4.81%), γ-terpinolene (3.66%), α-fenchene (3.60%), camphene (3.20%), α-pinene (3.15%), α-terpineol (2.71%), nerolidol (2.54%), chamazulene (1.74%) and α-thujone (1.67%), with 34 other components. In general, essential oil composition of A. aucheri was i...
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2013
Acorus calamus, a medicinally revered aromatic plant, is in high demand in pharmaceutical and perfumery industries. A. calamus was intercropped with Morus alba, a bivoltine crop of North-Western Himalayan States, in 10' × 10' spacing under factorial randomized block design in Sericulture Farmhouse, Regional Sericultural Research Station, Sahaspur, Dehra Dun in March, 2008. The plots were harvested at the end of the maturity of the plant in January, 2009 for biomass production and essential oil analysis. The yield of the biomass determined on dry weight basis was 28.96 to 32.25 g. Essential oil from the rhizomes was isolated by hydro-distillation method using Clevenger's apparatus, and yield of the oil was determined to be 1.55 to 1.57%. The β-asarone content in the essential oil estimated by gas chromatography was 87.32 to 93.03%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant adverse allelopathic effect of M. alba on the biomass yield and essential oil and β-asarone content of A. calamus intercropped with the tree.
Aromas from Quebec. I. Composition of the essential oil of the rhizomes of Acorus calamus L
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2008
The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus (sweet flag) collected in the Grondines region, Province of Quebec, was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. Several components were isolated by liquid chromatography and were identified by various NMR experiments such as: 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY. The major compounds were identified as preisocalamenediol, acorenone, shyobunone, and cryptoacorone. The complete stereochemical structure of cryptoacorone was elucidated
Composition of the Essential Oils of Three, Acmadenia Species from South Africa
2006
Hydrodistilled essential oils from the leaves of Acmadenia alternifolia Cham., A. obtusata (Thunb.) Batl. et H.L. Wendle and A. sheilae I. Williams were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two compounds were characterized in the oil of A. alternifolia representing 94.6% of the total composition. Main compounds were monoterpene hydrocarbons: β-pinene (30.6%), β-phellandrene (17.8%), α-pinene (14.5%), limonene (6.9%) and sabinene (6.6%). Forty-seven compounds were characterized in the oil of A. obtusata representing 96.7% of the oil with monoterpene hydrocarbons α-pinene (27.4%), β-phellandrene (23.2%), β-pinene (15.1%) and limonene (7.5%) and a linear monoterpene alcohol linalool (7.6%) as main constituents. In the oil of A. sheilae, 26 compounds were characterized representing 94.6% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were also predominant in this oil with acyclic monoterpene myrcene (25.1%) together with sabinene (16.1%), β-pinene (9.3%), α-pinene (9.3%) and linalool (9.0%) as main constituents.