Effect of phytoplasma infection on the activity of peroxidase, β-1,3 glucanase and chitinase in corn plants (original) (raw)
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Summa Phytopathologica, 2011
In the present work we studied the effect of inoculating corn plants with the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma on the activity of the enzymes peroxidase, -1,3 glucanase and chitinase. The experiments were ca rried ou t inside a greenhou se. Pla nts of a resistant a nd a susceptible corn hybrid were inoculated by using infective Dalbulus maidis leafhoppers 10 days after sowing. When symptoms started to appear, leaf samples were collected at different periods to quantify enzyme activity. The resu lts showed a n increa se in the activity of
Biochemical changes in corn plants infected by the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma
Physiological and molecular plant …, 2004
The objective of the present work was to study biochemical alterations in corn plants infected by the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma. A resistant and a susceptible corn hybrid were used and changes in protein, phenolic compounds, chlorophyll and reducing sugars in infected plants were evaluated. The experiments were carried out inside greenhouse, and the corn plants were inoculated by using infective Dalbulus maidis leafhoppers 10 days after seeding. When symptoms started to appear, leaf samples were harvested at different times for the biochemical analyses. The results showed an increase in all biochemical parameters evaluated for both hybrids, with exception for the chlorophyll content that decreased. In a general way, the values observed for the level of the different compounds were higher in the susceptible hybrid when compared to the resistant one. The increases in protein, reducing sugar and phenolic compound contents in inoculated plants point out changes in host metabolism due to the phytoplasma, and the reduction in chlorophyll content shows that the phytoplasma can interfere in photosynthesis and perhaps speedy senescence in the leaf tissue. q
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 1998
The activities of chitinase, g-l,3-glucanase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, constitutive and induced by Stagonospora nodorum were examined inthe 10-14 day old seedlings of three triticale and two wheat cultivars under controlled environmental conditions and in flag leaves of two triticale cultivars in the field. Two S. nodorum isolates of different virulence were used. Both the constitutive and induced activities in triticale and wheat depended on genotype and in triticale the effect of growth conditions was also evidenced. The constitutive activities of chitinase, B-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase were several fold lower in flag triticale leaves in plants from the field than in the seedlings, growing under controlled conditions, but induction in the infected flag leaves was significantly more pronounced. In triticale genotypic differences in the response to infection were revealed only upon inoculation by S. nodorum isolate of higher virulence. The enzymatic activities increased several fold during successive days after the infection except for phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Induction of this enzyme was only transient and the activity decreased 48 or 96 h after infection when the activities of other enzymes were rising.
Plant peroxidases : biochemistry and physiology
1996
Resistant (Reba B50) and susceptible (Acala 44) cotton plants were investigated for intratissular growth of bacterial populations and peroxidase (POx) activity, after infection of cotyledons with races 18 or 20 from #Xanthomonas (#Axonopodis$) campestris$ pv. #malvacearum$. Considerable multiplication of the bacterial population was noticed in the compatible interaction (Acala 44 / Xcm race 18) ; it was much lower during the incompatible interaction when race 18 was infiltrated into cotyledons of Reba B50. An intermediate level of bacterial growth was obtained when Reba B50 was infiltrated with race known to overcome resistance of this line. High increase in POx activity occurred into the infected cotyledons during incompatible interaction, while the increase was much lower when the interactions were compatible. On leaves, a similar and significant difference in enzyme activity was also observed indicating that the "peroxidase response" was systemically induced in entire r...
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2018
Farmers worldwide experience substantial postharvest grain losses of maize (Zea mays L.) caused by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Resistance to this pest has recently been demonstrated in Population 84 (P84) maize kernels. This resistance has been correlated with the presence of cell-wallebound phenolic compounds and endosperm peroxidase (POD) activity. However, the specific role of peroxidases in insect resistance remains unknown. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge of this role by evaluating the association between POD activity and resistance to S. zeamais during four cycles of recurrent selection of P84. This evaluation involved the use of kerneleinsect interaction assays combined with proteomic, biochemical and histological methods. Histological staining confirmed POD activity in the germ, pedicle and aleurone layer. Endosperm POD activity was increased over three cycles of recurrent selection, mainly in advanced red kernels, but this increased activity was not associated with the thickness or number of aleurone layers in the endosperm. A significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) was found between endosperm POD activity and grain weight loss (GWL) in whole kernels and kernels without pericarp, adult progeny (AP) in kernels without pericarp, and number of damaged kernels (DK) in single endosperms, produced by S. zeamais infestation. Our findings provide strong evidence of a specific relationship of peroxidases in the biophysical and biochemical resistance mechanism against S. zeamais, supporting the possible application of peroxidases as a breeding trait for the development of maize varieties resistant to storage pests.
Soluble Peroxidase Activity in Maize Endosperm Associated with Maize Weevil Resistance
Crop Science, 2007
Plant peroxidases (PODs) are involved in resistance to pathogens and insects. This study investigated the role of POD in maize (Zea mays L.) resistance to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.). Insect bioassays were performed under controlled conditions to assess maize weevil resistance. Peroxidase activity was measured in the major grain tissues using guaiacol and peroxide. Signifi cant variation (P > 0.001) among genotypes was observed in both the insect bioassay traits and POD activity. Peroxidase was detected in the embryo, endosperm, and pedicel, but it was not detected in the pericarp. Signifi cant correlations were found between endosperm POD activity and maize weevil resistance (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). Histological staining confi rmed POD activity in the vascular cylinder of the embryo, while activity in the endosperm was restricted to the aleurone layer. This study shows that POD activity is correlated with maize weevil resistance and may be used as a potential biochemical marker.
Differential peroxidase activities in three different crops upon insect feeding
Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2013
Peroxidases are the ubiquitous enzyme and reported to be present in all living genera. they catalyses reduction of peroxide and generate reactive oxygen species. In the present study we demonstrated that insect infestation induces peroxidase activity in sap and total soluble protein (tSP) of plant leaves. three important crop plants viz. tomato, cowpea and cotton were used for this study. after infestation of chewing insect, peroxidase activity in the sap and tSP of all the studied plants were enhanced in the range of 1.6-3.14 fold. Similar observations were also obtained with feeding of sap sucking insects, in which increment in peroxidase activity of sap and tSP was in the range of 1.8-2.53 fold. enhanced peroxidase activity was reconfirmed by in-gel peroxidase assay. enzyme kinetic study showed turn over efficiency of peroxidase from cotton (~101.3 min-1) was almost similar to tomato (~100.8 min-1) but higher than cowpea (~98.21 min-1). MS/MS analysis of observed band showed significant similarity with the reported peroxidases in database.