Les titulaires de la réparation d'un préjudice de l'histoire: le cas italien (original) (raw)
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This article chiefly deals with the development of the Italian case law relating to the problems of localization of damage arising out of tortious acts in international situations. It concerns the identification of the place of damage considered both as a jurisdictional connecting factor and as a criterion for selecting the applicable law. The relevant case law is analyzed in its actual development within the different regulatory frameworks that have followed over time since the Italian codification of 1942 and the entry into force of the 1968 Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Com-mercial Matters up to the 1995 Private International Law Act and the Brussels I, Rome II and Brussels I-bis regulations. The partial “incorporation by reference” of the Brussels Convention and its subsequent amendments in force for Italy into the 1995 Private International Law Act effected by Article 3, section 2, of the latter has entailed the renunciation by Italy to maintaining an autonomous national regulation of jurisdiction in matters of liability in tort or delict. As a result, the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union has gained a largely predominant role over that of domestic case law in this area. The article therefore concludes by examining the most important issues that have emerged in recent years in the case law of the European Court of Justice in the field, namely those relating to violations of personality rights and to so-called purely financial damages.
Le mécanisme de “compensation” à Rome
2008
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Le mécanisme de “compensation” à Rome Hélène Nessi, Aurélien Delpirou
Les milieux intellectuels italiens comme problème historique
Naples, Rome, Florence
* Ce texte s'appuie pour partie sur des contributions apportées à l'occasion des diverses rencontres du groupe, en particulier celles de Marina Caffiero, Maria Pia Donato et Anna Maria Rao. C'est aussi un essai de mise en forme d'un travail intellectuel collectif où de longues et fructueuses discussions, au fil des années, ont donné corps à ce qui n'était au départ qu'un simple questionnement. 1 Sur ces rapports complexes, un point de vue éclairant : D. Roche, Histoire des idées, histoire de la culture, expériences françaises et expériences italiennes,
Quand le politique dit la justice. Le cas des politiques de réparation transhistoriques
Politique et Sociétés, 2000
Bien que le rôle du juridique sur la scène politique tende à s’accroître, il existe encore des questions de justice qui sont traitées directement par le politique. C’est le cas notamment de la question des réparations transhistoriques, accordées par un gouvernement afin de compenser pour injustices commises par des gouvernements antérieurs. Ce type d’indemnisation est pris en charge par le politique parce que ses fondements sont philosophiques, éthiques ou moraux plutôt que juridiques. Les principes juridiques de prescription et de non-rétroactivité, de même que les difficultés d’application d’un droit humain surpassant celui des États empêchent effectivement les acteurs judiciaires d’intervenir dans ce type de litige. Quelques illustrations montrent combien ces politiques de réparations transhistoriques peuvent être variées.
Droit médiéval. Un débat historiographique italien
Annales Histoire Sciences Sociales, 2002
Italian legal historians have published a number of important books since 1995, offering reconsiderations of the general significance of the history of medieval law. These recent works have considerably altered the traditional interpretation centred on the importance of the renaissance of the 12th century and the birth of legal science at Bologna. The very concept of a ius commune, which Francesco Calasso treated as the invention of post-eleventh-century legal science, must now be regarded as deeply rooted in a much longer western tradition of the centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire. One leading effort to raise doubts about the importance of legal science for the creation of the medieval legal system is the work of Paolo Grossi, who puts considerable emphasis on the first centuries of the Middle Ages. As Grossi sees it, the peculiarities of medieval law developed in this early period, which established the critical features that distinguished the entire Middle Ages from both the Roman and Modern eras. In particular, the legal science that arose in the 12th century did nothing more than give scientific form to law whose substance was already to be found in early medieval custom. This article is an attempt to show that this vision of Grossi represents a revival of the Germanist program of the 19th century, which opposed individualistic Roman law to the communitarianism of medieval German law. The Germanist image of the Middle Ages was anachronistic when it was first presented in the 19th century, and the same is true of Grossi's revived version of it. This is an interpretation that fails to grapple with the real tensions of the past and that misses the diversity and flexibility of the solutions given by law to changing realities.