Thyroid Ultrasound: State of the Art. Part 2 - Focal Thyroid Lesions (original) (raw)
Related papers
Medical ultrasonography, 2017
Accurate differentiation of focal thyroid nodules (FTL) and thyroid abnormalities is pivotal for proper diagnostic and therapeutic work-up. In these two part articles, the role of ultrasound techniques in the characterization of FTL and evaluation of diffuse thyroid diseases is described to expand on the recently published World Federation in Ultrasound and Medicine (WFUMB) thyroid elastography guidelines and review how this guideline fits into a complete thyroid ultrasound exam.
Role of Elastography in Ultrasound Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules
2017
Background: Ultrasound is the modality of choice for evaluation of thyroid nodules. Elastography plays a complimentary role in characterizing the thyroid nodules. Objectives: This study is undertaken to evaluate the role of Elastography in evaluation and characterization of the thyroid nodules. Materials and methods: Fifty cases of thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasound evaluation during March 2016 to march 2017 were included in the study. Elastography was performed during the same sitting. Ultrasound guided FNAC was performed for cytological correlation. Results: Out of the 50 patients 80% were females and 20% were males. Forty two cases were benign on FNAC and 35 of these were seen in females. Eight cases were malignant nodules. Out of the eight cases which were diagnosed as malignant, marked hypo-echogenicity, micro-calcification, intrinsic vascularity and elastography features were found to be useful in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. The sensitivity and specifi...
American Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2021
The accurate size cutoff of thyroid nodules for interventional diagnostic purposes still remains a major challenge in Thyroidology like thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology and/or suspicious sonography, to date. The size cutoff of 10 mm has been well-stablished by recommendations of some guidelines for the thyroid nodules for the purposes of US-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA). Nevertheless, some authors emphasized the "epidemic" of papillary thyroid carcinoma under 10 mm in the largest diameter of the thyroid nodules. In addition, The American Thyroid Association, ATA, Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer recommended US-FNA procedure for thyroid nodules under 5 mm in case of simultaneous existence of lateral cervical lymph node (LCLN) metastasis. Herein, some authors consider the size cutoff of 5 mm for developing LCLN metastases and extrathyroidal extensions. Of note, LCLN metastasis is reported as being more closely observed in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas ≥7 mm than in those under 7 mm. Furthermore, some other studies stated the size cutoff of >7 mm or 8 mm as an independent factor for LCLN metastasis. Herewith, we postulate that so-called thyroid nodules under 10 mm concept selectively might enrich accurate diagnostic purposes of malignancies in Thyroidology.
IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia
INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound has been widely used to assess thyroid nodules. Although ultrasound elastography has been developed to improve detection of thyroid malignancy, it has received mixed responses. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of ultrasound elastography in detecting malignant thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with thyroid nodules were assessed using conventional ultrasound and elastography followed by fine-needle aspiration and or hemithyroidectomy. The ultrasound findings were compared with the cytology or histopathology for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Out of 156 nodules from 92 patients included in the study, 12 (7.7%) were malignant and 144 (88.8%) were benign. The elastography was found to be an independent predictor of malignancy (OR 10.35, 95% CI [1.31, 81.6], p = 0.03). Other independent predictors were taller shape and central Doppler pattern obtained using conventional ultrasound. A combination of the three independent predictors was show...
Elastography : Novel Development in Ultrasound for the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Al-Azhar Medical Journal, 2013
Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of conventional ultrasonography and ultrasound elasto-graphy in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodular diseases, using Accuvix V20. The examination results were compared against pathological findings obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Clear high-quality elastograms were obtained and proved useful in the characterization of thyroid nodules, greatly improving the diagnostic rate of thyroid nodular diseases. Thus, elastograhy can be a useful adjunct tool for traditional ultrasound diagnosis.
Journal of ultrasound, 2011
Ultrasoundelastography (USE) is a new imaging technique that is performed with a normal ultrasound transducer. It provides improved characterization of a tissue or nodule based on the latter's elasticity and stiffness. The aim of the present, prospective study was to assess the validity of USE in characterizing thyroid nodules. USE patterns were analyzed in light of nodule cytology (British Thyroid Association classification) to determine whether these patterns can be used to decide whether or not fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is indicated. We examined a consecutive series of 617 thyroid nodules in patients referred for the first time to the Endocrinology Unit of Atri Hospital (Atri, [TE]). Patients underwent ultrasonographic and USE examinations of their thyroid nodules, which were then subjected to FNAC. All nodules with Thy 1 cytology were excluded, leaving 567 nodules for analysis. USE findings were classified on the basis of the degree and distribution of elasticit...
Clinical utility of TIRADS and ultrasound elastography in characterization of thyroid nodules
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Thyroid nodules are a common entity in an iodine deficient population, however malignant nodules are relatively uncommon with excellent prognosis. Ultrasound elastography is a useful tool for characterization of nodules and allows selection of tumors for FNAC. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of strain elastography and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules.Methods: This study included 100 thyroid nodules evaluated using ultrasound TIRADS classification. Strain elastography evaluated the nodules using the elasticity score and strain ratio followed by VTI and shear wave velocity generated from ARFI data to characterize the nodules. Final diagnoses were obtained from cytological and/or histological evaluation. The diagnostic performance of the two elastography methods was analyzed and compared by multiple receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results: Of the 100 thyroid nodules ob...
Ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of thyroid pathology. Current status
European Journal of Radiology, 2014
Thyroid pathology including thyroid nodules and diffuse thyroid diseases represents often a diagnosing challenge for clinicians. US, although highly accurate in identifying thyroid nodules and diffuse thyroid diseases, is still not sufficiently accurate to evaluate them. US-elastography has been introduced in order to further increase US accuracy in many fields and eventually for thyroid disease. The aim of the present paper it to provide an update of the literature on different available techniques and the results reported both for thyroid nodules differentiation and for diffuse thyroid disease evaluation. Advantages and limitations of elastography are also discussed.