Bacteriological Profile of Surgical Site Infections and Their Antibiogram: A Study From Resource Constrained Rural Setting of Uttarakhand State, India (original) (raw)
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Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major health care associated infections and possess a great challenge to clinicians. It increases duration of hospital stay, associated morbidity and mortality and treatment cost. For prompt and appropriate management, it is necessary to understand the appropriate microbial etiology and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. To determine the prevalence of SSI along with its clinico-bacteriological profile and antibiogram and to correlate with the risk factors.A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata for a period of one year (2020-2021). Post-operative surgical site infections within 30 days after surgery were included in the study. All samples were collected from clinically suspected SSI cases and processed in the lab as per standard laboratory protocol. Vitek®2 compact system (BIOMERIEUX) was used for further identification and antimicrobial susceptibility...
American Journal of Infection Control, 2015
Background: There is limited single-center data on the incidence and microbial etiology of surgical site infections (SSIs) from developing countries. Methods: This is a prospective observational study over 4-year period (April 2009-March 2013) at a 750-bed private multispecialty hospital in Mumbai, India, among patients undergoing clean and clean-contaminated surgeries. Standard guidelines for preventing, classifying, and diagnosing SSI were followed. Results: A total of 24,355 patients underwent clean and clean-contaminated surgeries during the study period. The overall SSI rate was 1.6% (389 cases). The SSI rate in clean surgeries was 1.57%, and the SSI rate in clean-contaminated surgeries was 1.64%. Of the SSIs, 66% were caused by gram-negative bacilli (GNB) (Escherichia coli [22.9%], Klebsiella [18.2%], Pseudomonas [12.7%], and Acinetobacter [6.0%] were the top 4), 31.7% were caused by gram-positive bacilli (Staphylococcus: 70.5%, Enterococcus: 23.8%, Streptococcus: 1.8%), and 2.1% were caused by Candida. A total of 64% of the E coli and Klebsiella isolates were extended spectrum b-lactamase producing, 6% of the GNB were carbapenem resistant, and only 17.3% of S aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. Conclusion: Although the SSI rate is comparable with established international benchmarks, increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in GNB is a matter of serious concern.
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2019
Introduction: A surgical site infections (SSI) are a 3rd most common nosocomial infection and is responsible for morbidity, mortality and increased healthcare costs. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this study is to identify the isolates causing surgical site infections and its anti-microbial susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A total 50 cases of surgical site infections were taken for the study. The suspected samples were processed by using standard microbiological methods. The modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility pattern. The isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family were initially screened for ESBL production and were further confirmed by Double Disk Synergy Test as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Reference strains of E. coli (ATCC 25922), P. aeruginosa (ATCC-27853), S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and Klebsiella 700603 were used as controls. Result: Out of 50 samples, 19(38%) were culture positive and total 23 organisms were isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (39.13%) was the most common organism isolated, followed by Klebsiella spp. 5 (21.73%), Staphylococcus aureus 3 (13.04%). Most of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem followed by piperacillin-tazobactam. Gram-positive organisms were found to be more sensitive to levofloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin. ESBL production was seen among 44.44% isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family. Conclusion: The rate of infection reflects on patient's care and standard of treatment in any hospital. Thus, better stewardship of SSI is required with accurate antibiotic policies. Periodic monitoring of etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility in the community and hospital settings is recommended. Keywords: Surgical site infection, Bacteriological profile, Antibiotic susceptibility test, ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase).
Surgical site infections(SSI) are one of the most common yet one of the most troublesome complication following any surgical procedure.In this study an effort has been made to study the incidence, risk factors and microbiological pattern of SSIs in one of the major hospitals of north east india.200 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this 2 year study.Patients were followed up for a period of 30 days to look for any signs of SSIs. Those who developed SSIs were further evaluated for the risk factors, microbiological pattern and consequences. All the results were discussed in detail. Literatures for the same type of study in an Indian setting that too in rural part of India are only a few which add on to the significance of this study.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Surgical infections can be caused through two major sources: exogenous and endogenous bacteria. Surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the most common complications encountered in surgery. SSI places a significant burden on both the patient and health system, thus a major cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased health costs. Objective of this study was to identify and isolate various bacteria from wound infections in a surgical intensive care unit and to study their antibiogram.Methods: Two wound swabs were collected from the wound and from a drop of aspirate, smear was made on clean glass slide and Gram staining was done for direct microscopic examination under oil immersion 100X objective to know various morphological types of bacteria and presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Second swab/drop of aspirate was used for culture by inoculating it on routine media like blood agar, nutrient agar and MacConkeys agar, incubated at 37° C for 24 hours ...
AEROBIC BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS WITH ANTIBIOGRAM.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2019
The present study was done on 236 clinically suspected pus samples from patients who underwent surgery between Jan 2017 to June 2017 from Obstetrics and gynecology , General surgery and Orthopedic departments in Government General Hospital,Vijayawada.This study was done to know the incidence of surgical site infections and the prevalence of aerobic bacterial pathogens along with their antibiogram. Surgical site infections (SSI) are the second most common nosocomial infections and have adverse impact on patients. Isolation and identification of the organisms was done by gram stains and culture growth. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and results were interpreted as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) guidelines. Out of 236 clinically suspected pus samples received in the microbiology laboratory, Siddhartha Medical College, 137 (58%) were culture positive and 99(41.9%) were culture negative. The infection was found to be higher in female patients in age group 21-30yrs than in male patients. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus 38(27.7%) followed by Klebsiella species 29(21.1%)and Escherichia coli 26(18.9%). Antimicrobial profile of gram positive isolates revealed highest sensitivity to amikacin (68.4%),followed by linezolid(60.5%),whereas gram negative isolates showed most sensitivity to amikacin (58.6%) and piperacillin tazobactum (44.8%).SSI are responsible for increasing the treatment cost, length of hospital stay and significant morbidity and mortality.Hence proper, formulation of infection control policies, hand hygiene techniques and optimal preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative patient care can be implemented to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.
2018
DOI: 10.21276/sajp.2017.6.12.5 Abstract: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a severe problem in the surgical specialties, which can cause mortality, morbidity, delays incision healing and economic burden. Advances in control of infections have not completely eradicated this problem because of development of drug resistance. Aims and objectives are isolation and identification of the bacterial pathogens from the infection site and determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated pathogens. A total number of 210 clinically suspected cases of surgical site infections in various surgical departments during July 2009 to April 2010 were included. Standard bacteriological methods were used for bacterial isolation and Susceptibiliity testing. Among enrolled cases the age of the patients ranged from ≤20 yrs to ≥ 60 yrs. Out of 210 wound swabs 167/210 were culture positive aerobically yielding 235 bacterial isolates, while 43 were sterile. Of this 112/131 were emergency surgery p...
A prospective study of surgical site infections in a teaching hospital in Goa
Indian Journal of Surgery, 2008
Introduction Surgical Site Infections contribute significantly to increased health care costs in terms of prolonged hospital stay and lost work days. The problem was largely unexplored in an apex medical institute in Goa. Aims and Objectives To estimate the incidence, and study the bacteriology and the factors associated with SSI in the study setting. Settings and Design Prospective study in the surgical wards of an apex medical teaching hospital in Goa. Materials and Methods Clinico-bacterilogical follow-up of 114 post-operative cases to the development of SSI, as per the CDC criteria (1991). Incidence was expressed as the infection rate per 100 operations. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using the disc diffusion method. Statistical Analysis Association was tested by applying the Student t-test and the Chi-square test of significance, and the strength of association expressed as the Odd’s Ratio. Results The overall SSI rate was estimated to be 30.7%; 5.4% for clean, 35.5% for clean-contaminated, and 77.8% for contaminated operations. Seventy-nine per cent of the isolates were gram-negative and almost 64% demonstrated polyantimicrobial resistance. Conclusions The study emphasizes the need for the evidence-based infection control and antibiotic prescription policies in the hospital.
Surgical site infections in a tertiary care center in Rajasthan
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2020
Surgical site infections are the 3rd most common nosocomial infections in a hospital setting. It is a menace to both patients and surgeons, as it accounts for 1-3% of all surgical procedures, decreasing the success rate of surgeries. The study was conducted on 90 consecutive patients of Surgical site infection occurring after various surgical procedures within the same surgical team in the National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jaipur, from 1st January 2018 till 30th June 2019. The objectives of this study were to assess the etiological factors of surgical site infection, the relationship of these factors with the type of surgical site infection, and to isolate the bacteria and the choice of antibiotic therapy suited for such patients. The rate of surgical site infections in our study was 6.99%. This value is relatively low when considering that the majority of the patients that were taken for surgery were in an emergency condition. A relationship was seen between co-m...