Does Lilium bosniacum merit species rank? A classical and molecular-cytogenetic analysis (original) (raw)
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Chromosomal differentiation and genome size in three European mountain Lilium species
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2003
Three related and taxonomically close species of the genus Lilium (L. pyrenaicum Gouan, L. pomponium L. and L. carniolicum Bernh.), all of them with 2n=24 chromosomes, have been studied for chromosomal differentiation, using fluorochrome banding and fluorescence in situhybridization (FISH), and for genome size and GC percentage using flow cytometry. The total DNA content of L. pomponium (2C=70.26 pg) was about 5% higher than that of L. pyrenaicum (2C=67.74) and L. carniolicum (2C=67.37 pg), while GC percentage was higher in this last species (36.60%) than in L. pomponium (35.56%) and lower than in L. pyrenaicum (37.92%). Silver staining, fluorochrome banding with chromomycin A3 (CMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) clearly pointed out the number of nucleoli, the number and position of GC-rich bands and the number and location of rDNA sites thus permitting distinction of the three species at chromosomal level. Two families of ribosomal genes, 18S-5.8S-26S (18S) and 5S rRNA genes, were separated onto different pairs in chromosome complements of examined species. Chromosome regions containing both kinds of rRNA genes were also GC-rich regions. The results revealed a clear interspecific differentiation at the chromosomal level and permitted the discussion about relationships among the species.
Chromosome numbers and genome size data for some Balkan species
Flora Mediterranea
Chromosome numbers and metaphase plates are given for eight species, seven from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Alnus × pubescens, Erythronium dens-canis, Genista tinctoria, Leucanthemum vulgare, Melittis melissophyllum, Orchis mascula, Stachys recta), and one species from F.Y.R.O.M. (Scorzonera austriaca). Chromosome counts and genome sizes are discussed.
We investigated phylogeography of Larix sukaczewii and Larix sibirica using nucleotide variation at three following nuclear gene regions: 5.8 S rDNA including two internal transcribed spacers (ITS), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and phytochrome-O (PHYO). We also included sequences of the 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) gene region obtained in our recent study. CAD and PHYO showed very low nucleotide variation, but ITS and 4CL had levels of variation similar to those reported for other conifers. Pleistocene refugia have been hypothesized to exist in the Southern Urals and South Central Siberia, where four out of nine of the investigated populations occur. We found moderate to high levels of population differentiation (F ST = 0.115 – 0.531) in some pairwise comparisons suggesting limited gene flow and independent evolution of some refugial populations. In L. sukaczewii, low levels of differentiation were found among populations from areas glaciated during the Pleistocene, indicating their recent origin. Our results also suggest these populations were created by migrants from multiple, genetically distinct refugia. Furthermore, some haplotypes observed in populations from previously glaciated areas were not found in putative refugial populations, suggesting these populations might have contributed little to the extant populations created after the Last Glacial Maximum. Some authors regard L. sukaczewii and L. sibirica as a single species, while others consider them as separate species. The observed conspicuous differences in haplotype composition and distribution between L. sukaczewii and L. sibirica, together with high values of F ST between populations of the two species, appear to support the latter classification.
Molecular Phylogeny and Genome Size in European Lilies (Genus Lilium, Liliaceae)
Advanced Science Letters, 2010
Several European lilies populations representing 10 species belonging to section Liriotypus and section Martagon were studied for molecular phylogeny (27 populations) and DNA amount (24 populations). Different Lilium sections were easily differentiated by ITS and rpS4-trnT-trnL sequences and genome size assessments, while an extremely low genetic differentiation was detected at a subsectional level. Most of the variability concentrates on polymorphic sites that have not reached fixation, which considerably complicates the selection of an adequate analysis method. Geographical and ecological variations of genome size and ITS sequences within species were noticeable for several Lilium representatives.
Evaluating phylogenetic relationships in the Lilium family using the ITS marker
Journal of Plant Biotechnology
Lilium is a perennial bulbous plant belonging to the liriotypes genus. Our aim was to study the phylogenetic relationships of the Lilium family. Two varieties of Lilium ledebourii, 44 varieties of the gene bank, and one variety from the Tulipa family served as the out group. In order to study the diversity between lilium masses, ITS regions were used to design the marker. The results showed that the guanine base is the most abundant nucleotide. Relatively high conservation was observed in the ITS regions of the populations (0.653). Phylogenetic analysis showed that sargentiae and hybrid varieties are older than other varieties of the Lilium family. Also, the location of L. ledebourii varieties (Damash and Namin) was identified in a phylogenetic tree by using the ITS marker. Overall, our research showed that ITS molecular markers are very suitable for phylogenetic studies in the Lilium family.
A Molecular Phylogeny of Lilium in the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA
Journal of Molecular Evolution, 1999
Phylogenetic relationships among 55 species of Lilium, Cardiocrinum giganteum, and Nomocharis saluenensis were inferred from nucleotide sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of 18S-25S nuclear ribosomal DNA. The phylogeny derived from ITS sequences estimated using maximumlikelihood methods indicated that (1) most of the species construct their own clade according to the classification based on morphological features at the section level; (2) section Daurolirion is not independent of Sinomartagon, and it is appropriate to integrate two sections as Sinomartagon; (3) it is appropriate that L. henryi and L. bulbiferum are classified into subsection 6a and Sinomartagon-Daurolirion, respectively; (4) subsection 6b is much closer to Sinomartagon than subsection 6a and Archelirion, and it arose directly from Sinomartagon; and (5) Lilium is much closer to Nomocharis than Cardiocrinum. Phylogenetic estimation using sequences of the ITS region is suitable at the levels of genus, section, and most of subsection.
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014
To study the genetic diversity and structure of lily (Lilium L.), we collected 35 samples from Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas Botanical Garden, and analyzed their mutual Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. For genetic analysis of lily we chose the lily 6 markers. ISSR data revealed a relatively high level of genetic diversity at the different levels of the group, with 95% of polymorphic loci, effective number of alleles of 1.21, the average expected heterozygosis of 0.15 and Shannon's information index of 0.26. ANOVA analysis and UPGMA-dendrogram suggested a hierarchical structure between species.
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2007
The Lilium carniolicum group consists of several taxonomically dubious taxa endemic to the European flora. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) were used to clarify both the delineation of, and relationships among, taxa in the group as well as to provide insight on the phylogenetic position of the group within the genus. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were in general agreement, with all taxa in the group being very closely related, and the entire group being monophyletic. L. pyrenaicum and L. pomponium are placed at the basal position in the group, while L. chalcedonicum is shown to be more closely related to L. carniolicum than previously thought. Our analyses suggested that L. albanicum and L. jankae are distinct from L. carniolicum, while no evidence was found to support the same separation for L. bosniacum.
The Horticulture Journal, 2017
Lilium auratum var. auratum Lindl. is distributed in the eastern part of Honshu, the main island of Japan. L. auratum var. platyphyllum Baker is endemic to the Izu archipelago, which consists of nine large islands located in south of Honshu's Izu peninsula. Both varieties have been used as important parents of Oriental hybrid lily cultivars. They have large white flowers with yellow central stripes and colored spots on their tepals. L. auratum var. platyphyllum has larger flowers and wider leaves than L. auratum var. auratum. L. auratum var. platyphyllum has yellow spots, whereas L. auratum var. auratum has red or brown ones. Natural hybridization between these two taxa has been suggested on the basis of spot colors of populations in the Izu archipelago and the Izu peninsula. However, their genetic diversity and hybridity in nature have not been reported. We performed morphological analysis using 72 individuals of L. auratum var. auratum from seven populations and 72 individuals of L. auratum var. platyphyllum from six populations. We also performed simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis using 102 individuals of L. auratum var. auratum from seven populations and 134 individuals of L. auratum var. platyphyllum from six populations. Both analyses revealed that L. auratum var. auratum and L. auratum var. platyphyllum are genetically different and that L. auratum var. platyphyllum has genetic diversity among populations in the archipelago.
Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology, 2012
Chromosome microdissection and microcloning are powerful tools for plant genome research. Here we describe the isolation of chromosome #1 derived sequences from L. tigrinum with these techniques and their characterization. Detailed chromosome analysis was performed by FISH and then chromosome #1 was isolated from metaphase chromosomes of L. tigrinum by microbeam dissection. DOP-PCR and LA-PCR were used to amplify a DNA of chromosome #1 segments. PCR products from the microdissected chromosome were cloned into a plasmid vector to construct a chromosome #1 specific library and sequenced. BLAST-nr revealed that 28% of the sequences were matched with known genes and transposons, and the rest of 72% did not match with known sequences from NCBI database of plant taxa. The unknown sequences were putatively divided into five classes and we called them lily unique unknown repeats. FISH confirmation with some clones confirmed that the products from both methods were indeed amplified from the chromosome #1 of L. tigrinum genome. These results provide important information for not only the composition of the Lilium genome but also for detailed sequence information of huge genome sized plants.