Closed Adsorption Heat Storage—A Life Cycle Assessment on Material and Component Levels (original) (raw)
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Development of a Closed Sorption Heat Storage Prototype
Energy Procedia, 2014
In order to overcome limitations of solar heating, great improvements in seasonal heat storage are required. Adequate heat storage is achieved by: reducing time dependent thermal losses, reducing storage volume, and allowing easy adjustment of storage geometries to enable building retrofitting. To this purpose much theoretical and practical work has been done at Empa, including a laboratory scale proof of concept of an aqueous sodium hydroxide based seasonal thermal storage. This storage concept is based on a continuous, but not full cycle, liquid state absorption heat pump. Heat is not directly stored; instead the potential to regain heat at a desired temperature from a low temperature thermal input is stored. The main benefit is that there are no capacity losses during storage time. For this reason there is great potential in the application of the closed sorption heat storage system for long term solar heat storage. Due to the losses encountered during charging/discharging (efficiency of the heat and mass exchanger), the concept is less suitable for short term heat storage. Therefore a hybrid system is proposed, consisting of hot water tanks for short term storage and closed sorption heat storage for seasonal storage. In the scope of the EU funded project COMTES a prototype aqueous sodium hydroxide seasonal thermal storage system is under construction. The system is dimensioned to cover space heating as well as domestic hot water in a single family house built to passive energy standards and located in the region of Zurich.
Experimental study of an adsorption heat storage systems for building applications
Renewable Bioresources, 2016
In this paper, an Adsorption Heat Storage System (AdHS-R134a)/heating system utilising Vermiculite and Calcium Chloride composite adsorbent material was experimentally investigated. The main aim of the experimental investigations is to carry out preliminary tests on a small scale Adsorption Heat Storage Systems (AdHS-R134a) using a heat pump circuit as the regeneration heat source. The test rig was constructed using Vertical Glass Pipes with a heat pump circuit using a mini compressor for transporting the refrigeration gas as a heat source for desorption cycle. The system also incorporates condenser coils, evaporator coils, and an expansion valve. The integration with a heat pump circuit is to analyse the performance of an AdHS-R134a using off-peak power in desorption/charging cycle or utilising renewable energy sources to minimise conventional energy generated from fossil fuels. Firstly, desorption phase occurs during night hours, when cheap off-peak electricity is available under the 'Economy 7' tariff that is more suitable for households with night storage heaters or if we use lots of electricity at night. Secondly, in the heat pumping phase/adsorption loop which will occur during the day. The useful heat of adsorption in the adsorbent pipe could be used for underfloor heating (35°C-40°C), or for domestic hot water production (55°C-60°C) during the day. The maximum temperature lift observed from the adsorption process is 68.67°C (inside adsorption pipe) with the corresponding COP of 0.55-1.39.
Journal of energy storage, 2022
This review article presents a state-of-the-art in the field of adsorptive heat storage and transformation, based on a selection of representative applications. Examples are selected with respect to their potential application to low-grade heat storage at industrial scale and then reviewed with regard to their technology readiness level. The unclear border between thermochemical heat storage and adsorptive heat transformation emerging from the literature is questioned based on thermodynamic considerations. It appears that advances in the field of adsorptive heat transformation should benefit to storage applications, too. The most investigated field is solar heat storage in individual dwellings, introducing the concepts of atmospheric or pressurized systems (often corresponding to open or closed systems respectively). Other system's components as the type of heat exchangers (convective or conductive) and reactors (static or continuous) are also fundamental points to be taken into account. Up to now, the most advanced response to heat and mass transfer issues in heat storage systems is connected to the coating technique, which has proven its feasibility in commercial adsorptive chillers. Novel thermodynamic cycle engineering and technical solutions, like hybrid coated/bulk adsorbent reactors, monolithic porous materials, flash steam or liquid water fed reactors, are still at an early stage of development. Finally, the trends, limits and challenges of the existing technical solutions have been enlightened with the aim to help the reader to choose and design the most adapted storage system.
ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION -AN EFFICIENT WAY TO MAKE GOOD USE OF WASTE HEAT AND SOLAR ENERGY
This paper presents the achievements in solid sorption refrigeration prototypes obtained since the interest in sorption systems was renewed at the end of the 1970s. The applications included are ice making and air conditioning. The latter includes not only cooling and heating, but also dehumidification by desiccant systems. The prototypes presented were designed to use waste heat or solar energy as the main heat sources. The waste heat could be from diesel engines or from power plants, in combined cooling, heating and power systems (CCHP). The current technology of adsorption solar powered icemakers allows a daily ice production of between 4 and 7 kg per m 2 of solar collector with a solar COP between 0.10 and 0.15. The silica gel-water chillers studied can be powered by hot water warmer than 55 °C. The COP is usually around 0.2 to 0.6, and in some commercially produced machines, the COP can be up to 0.7. The utilization of such chillers in CCHP systems, hospitals, buildings and grain depots are discussed. Despite their advantages, solid sorption systems still present some drawbacks such as low specific cooling power and COP. Thus, some techniques to overcome these problems are also contemplated, together with the perspectives for their broad commercialization. Adsorption, Refrigeration, Heat Pump, Heat Management.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
Adsorption Heat Storage: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2018
Thermal energy storage (TES) is a key technology to enhance the efficiency of energy systems as well as to increase the share of renewable energies. In this context, the present paper reports a literature review of the recent advancement in the field of adsorption TES systems. After an initial introduction concerning different heat storage technologies, the working principle of the adsorption TES is explained and compared to other technologies. Subsequently, promising features and critical issues at a material, component and system level are deeply analyzed and the ongoing activities to make this technology ready for marketing are introduced.
An Open Sorption Heat Storage Concept and Materials for Building Heat Supply
Energy Procedia, 2015
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Applied Energy
DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
An overview of developments in adsorption refrigeration systems towards a sustainable way of cooling
Applied Energy, 2013
Growing energy demand and global climate change are compelling reasons to look for effective utilisation of waste thermal energy and renewable energy resources. Fifteen percent of the electricity produced in the whole world is employed for refrigeration and airconditioning processes of various kinds. Low-temperature heat operated environment-friendly adsorption cooling systems are emerging as viable alternatives to electricity-driven vapour compression refrigeration systems. Comparatively bigger sizes of adsorption based cooling units, due to their low specific cooling power, are preventing successful commercialization of the technology. Efforts are on to enhance the performance of adsorption systems through improvements in adsorbents properties, use of advanced cycles, etc. Recent application of nano-technology in the development of adsorbent material may be a big step forward towards making this technology competitive with available technologies in the market. This paper traces the evolution of the technology and analyses the obstacles to wide spread use of adsorption chillers.
Review on the Life Cycle Assessment of Thermal Energy Storage Used in Building Applications
Energies
To reduce building sector CO2 emissions, integrating renewable energy and thermal energy storage (TES) into building design is crucial. TES provides a way of storing thermal energy during high renewable energy production for use later during peak energy demand in buildings. The type of thermal energy stored in TES can be divided into three categories: sensible, latent, and sorption/chemical. Unlike sensible TES, latent TES and sorption/chemical TES have not been widely applied; however, they have the advantage of a higher energy density, making them effective for building applications. Most TES research focuses on technical design and rarely addresses its environmental, social, and cost impact. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an internationally standardized method for evaluating the environmental impacts of any process. Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is an expansion of LCA, including economic and social sustainability assessments. This paper aims to provide a literature ...