P01-316 - Signs of nutrition in ADHD children (original) (raw)
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ADHD and growth: anthropometric changes in medicated and non-medicated ADHD boys
… medical journal of …, 2009
AHDH children can show changes in growth and development. Many studies describe these changes as a side effect of stimulant medication. However, changes in somatic development can also appear n non-medicated children. This suggests that the changes could be a manifestation of the disorder itself and not just a side effect of the treatment.
Anthropometric changes in non-medicated ADHD boys
Neuro endocrinology …, 2009
The aim of the study is to compare complex anthropometric characteristics in non medicated boys with ADHD and normal population. METHODS: Complex anthropometric examination of non-medicated ADHD boys (n=46, average age 11.03 years), statistical and clinical comparison to the actual population growth norm. In contrast to the most of the previous studies, which analyzed mostly only BMI or basic signs of growth as height and weight, the presented study operates with a complex anthropometrical measurement and comparison with actual population norm.
Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children. According to concern regarding the growth of these children, this study was carried out to compare height and weight between 5-6-year-old boys with ADHD and those without ADHD in Ahvaz, Iran Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 32 5-6-year-old ADHD boys with the Conners' rating scale (CRS) of ≥ 15 were compared to 32 non-ADHD same-age boys with CRS of < 15. Exclusion criteria were some special disease with negative effect on growth and psychostimulant treatment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) curves were used to determine the growth status. Results: Comparison between ADHD and non-ADHD boys regarding mean height (111.95 ± 6.12 vs. 110.77 ± 6.22 cm), weight (19.39 ± 3.65 vs. 19.19 ± 3.75), and body mass index (15.44 ± 1.82 vs. 15.54 ± 1.67) showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our study does not support an association between problems in growth outcomes and ADHD in 5-6 years old boys Declaration of Interest: Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences financially supported this study.
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2015
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in children. Nutritional deficiency may play a role in the etiology of this disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the nutritional status (dietary intake and anthropometric indices) of boys with and without ADHD. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 36 boys with ADHD (case group) and 37 normal children (control group), aged 6-12 years. The case subjects were assesssed by an expert psychiatrist via clinical evaluations and psychiatric questionnaires. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of the subjects were measured. Dietary intake was recorded, using a three-day food record (three non-consecutive days including one holiday and two weekdays) and analyzed using Nutritionist IV software. FINDINGS: The mean weight, height, and BMI values were higher in children with ADHD, compared to the control group (p<0.05); the mean±SD of...
Nutritional status of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
British Food Journal, 2015
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the nutritional status and certain anthropometric characteristics in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 200 children (ages eight to 11), half with ADHD and the other half healthy, participated in the study. A three-day food consumption record was taken and evaluated based on energy and macro-micro nutrient requirements. Weight, height, waist, hip, mid-upper arm circumferences and hand grip strength were measured. Findings – Energy, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrate, niacin and zinc intakes were found significantly lower than healthy controls for female participants and all nutrient intakes were found significantly lower than healthy controls for male participants (p<0.05). Children with ADHD had lower anthropometric measures (p>0.05). Research limitations/implications – The study samp...
Effect of stimulants on growth of ADHD children: A critical review
ANS: The Journal for Neurocognitive …, 2009
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed childhood psychiatric disorders manifested in almost every part of children's behavior. The most common treatment of ADHD is medication with stimulants, by specific amphetamine and methylphenidate. It is known that the treatment by stimulants may be accompanied by side effects from among decrease of appetite or changes in development as growth suppression and loss of weight which may present very serious phenomenon. Although many studies have monitored changes in growth and weight during medication, they did not provide definite results that the growth and weight suppression are caused by medication or not. According to many studies the height deficit is approximately amounted to 1 cm/year during the first 3 years of the treatment and can be clinically serious. Contrary to these findings some authors reported that the growth or weight changes can be a natural symptom of ADHD and not just a consequence of medication. The present article reviews key studies monitoring changes in parameters of growth in medicated children with ADHD, compares their results and suggest methodology improvements for further studies.
The influence of components of diet on the symptoms of ADHD in children
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 2012
In most children with ADHD the cause of the disease is not exactly known, and its etiology is multifactorial. The conventional treatment is based on the combination of behavioral and psychological therapy and the pharmacotherapy. The pharmacotherapy has a high effectiveness in ADHD treatment, but it is often associated with undesirable side effects, such as: loss of appetite and weight, growth inhibition, abdominal pain, headaches, sleeping problems and increased blood pressure. In the recent years, much attention was devoted to the issue of an appropriate diet in this disease, especially when the standard pharmacotherapy is not effective. The diet of pregnant and lactating woman, and child may have an impact on the development and deepening of the hyperkinetic syndrome. There is much evidence to indicate that it is linked to nutritional factors. Chronic deficiencies of certain minerals such as zinc, iron, magnesium and iodine and insufficient dietary intake of long-chain polyunsatu...
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2015
Objective: Previous studies have associated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with growth deviations and obesity. However, available data regarding the growth of children with ADHD in their early childhood are insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether there are differences in body size between preschool boys with and without ADHD. Methods: The study used cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal data concerning 112 boys with ADHD and a community-based sample of 308 boys without ADHD. The groups were homogeneous in terms of socioeconomic status, place of residence, term of birth, and birth weight. The average age of diagnosis was 8.3 years, and none of boys had been treated with stimulants before they were 7 years of age. Comparisons were made at the ages of 2, 4, and 6 years, for World Health Organization (WHO)-norm-standardized height, weight, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity. Separate analysis were made for the cross-sectional measurements of current body size. Results: Boys with ADHD at the age of 2 had significantly lower z scores for weight (t =-1.98, p = 0.04) and BMI (t =-2.09, p = 0.04), and at the age of 4 for weight (t =-2.05, p = 0.04) than the boys from the control group. A significantly lower percentage of overweight/obesity was observed in boys with ADHD at the age of 2 in comparison with the control group. At the age of 6, boys with ADHD were underweight more often. Cross-sectional analysis of current body size showed that boys with ADHD had lower z scores for height (t =-3.08, p = 0.002) and higher z scores (t = 3.13, p = 0.002) for BMI. Overweight was more frequent in this group. Conclusions: Preschool boys with ADHD (age of 2-6 years) have a tendency toward lower body weight than their peers. But in subsequent phases of development, they are shorter and more frequently overweight than boys without ADHD, when place of residence, socioeconomic status, term of birth, birth weight, comorbid conditions, and treatment are controlled.
ADHD and overweight in boys: cross-sectional study with birth weight as a controlled factor
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014
Population studies indicate a strong relationship between birth weight (BW) and body size in later life. However, BW as a variable was never accounted for in studies on the relationship between attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and overweight. This study aims to assess the relationship between ADHD and overweight with control of birth weight and other confounding factors. Prevalence of overweight was compared in clinical sample of 219 boys with ADHD and 396 boys without ADHD, aged 6-18 years. The following factors were controlled: BW, parents income and education level, place of residence, ADHD type, selected comorbid disorders and stimulant treatment. Overweight and obesity were diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between ADHD and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Boys with ADHD differed significantly from the control group in distribution of low BW (8.2 vs. 3.0 %, v 2 = 8.23, p = 0.02). Low BW was associated with a lower prevalence of overweight than normal and high BW (0 vs. 12.14 %, v 2 = 4.12, p = 0.04). Overweight was observed significantly more often in boys with ADHD (17.3 vs. 8.3 %, v 2 = 11.23, p \ 0.001) even after adjustment for BW and other variables (OR = 2.44, 95 % CI 1.38-4.29, p = 0.002) and after controlling for ADHD type, stimulant treatment and selected comorbid disorders. Independently to applied analysis, obesity was not associated with ADHD. Lower birth weight is over twice more often observed in boys with ADHD than in control group. Although this phenomenon may reduce the rate of overweight in the studied group, ADHD remains strongly associated with increased prevalence of overweight.
Managing ADHD with Nutrition – A Case Study Report
International Journal of Indian Psychology
According to the WHO Mental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community. One of the most obvious, yet under-recognised environmental factors in the development of major trends in mental health is the role of nutrition. The study is a qualitative analysis on one subject. The objective is to investigate the role of nutrition in the effective management of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as balanced nutrition is very important during childhood which is a period of vigorous growth, increased activity, and development of body functions and social cognitive abilities. The treatment implications of research into nutrition and mental health are enormous. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed chronic mental conditions of childhood....