Lead and Cadmium Contamination in Roadside Soils in Irbid City, Jordan: A Case Study (original) (raw)
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Lead and cadmium contamination of different roadside soils and plants in Peshawar city, Pakistan
Pedosphere, 2011
Soil and plant samples were collected from roadside sites (along with primary, secondary and tertiary roads) and reference site to investigate the contamination of soils and old common plant species with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in Peshawar City, Pakistan. All the data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis that showed a significant (P ≤ 0.01) variation in Pb and Cd concentrations in the roadside soils and plants as compared to the reference site. The mean concentrations of Pb and Cd were 53.9 and 6.0 mg kg −1 in soils and 49.1 and 10.9 mg kg −1 in plants, respectively. Significant variation (P ≤ 0.01) in concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil and plant samples along with primary, secondary and tertiary roads might be due to different traffic densities. The highest value (9.4) of metal accumulation index (MAI) was observed for Eucalyptus camaldulensis. In selected plant species, the Pb and Cd accumulation was found in the order of E. camaldulensis > Ficus elastica > Dalbergia sissoo > Alstonia scholaris. The roadside soils and plants were highly contaminated with Pb and Cd as compared to the reference site.
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Science of the total environment, 1997
This study concentrates on seasonal variations of lead levels in roadside soils, vegetables and plants of Damascus city. Lead concentrations in soil samples varied from 78.4 ppm to 832 ppm while mean lead levels in plants ranged from 2.6 ppm to 19.3 ppm; the highest levels ...
Contamination of roadside soil, plants, and air with heavy metals in Jordan, a comparative study
Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 1999
Copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in surface soil, plants, and air samples taken from both sides of the major highway connecting Amman with the southern parts of Jordan. Elevated levels of the studied elements were found in both soil and plants on the east side and on the west side of the road compared with the background values. The higher levels of heavy metals east of the road were due to the westerly prevailing wind at the sampling sites. The comtamination decreased exponentially with distance from the edge of the road and dropped to the background level at about 60 m. In soil samples, the average concentrations, 1.5 m east of the highway, were 29.7, 0.75, 188.8 and 121.7 µ g/g for Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The levels of these elements in plants 3 m east of the highway were 31.3, 7.3, and 98.7 µ g/g for Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, whereas for air they were 0.40, 0.94, and 0.26 µ g/m 3 . The values of the heavy metals suggest that automobiles are a major source of these metals in the roadside environment and also these values were compared with results found by other investigators in various countries worldwide. Finally, the roadside soil and plants had significantly high contents of heavy metals and their levels increased with increasing traffic densities and furthermore, they reached elevated levels in urban areas.
Cadmium and Lead Disruption in Soils Around the Hegmatan Cement Factory, Iran
Health Scope, 2016
Background: Soil pollution due to toxic metals released by industrial activities such as cement production is a serious problem from the standpoints of the environment and public health, because they tend to persist, circulating indefinitely and, eventually, accumulating throughout the food chain. Objectives: This paper presents the results of the first research study into the distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soils around the Hegmatan cement factory, located in the Hamedan province of western Iran. Materials and Methods: Twenty instances of 20-cm depth soil samples were collected from the northern, southern, eastern, and western axes of the factory from two distances. Soil samples were subjected to a pseudo acid digestion, an HNO3, and an HCl procedure. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were detected using the AAS. Results: Based on the results of the laboratories analysis, a wide range in concentrations of Pb was found in the soil samples. The mean concentration of Pb was found to be 5.12 ± 5.74 mg/kg. The Cd concentration in soil samples exhibited a narrow range of variations, with a mean concentration of Cd in that soil of 0.13 ± 0.038 mg/kg. There were no significant differences observed in the content of Pb and Cd at different distances from the factory. Further, the results revealed that there was a significant difference between the north, south, and western sampling sites, with the highest soil cadmium concentration in the south. Conclusions: The Cd and Pb concentrations in all soil samples of the study area were less than the value of maximum allowable limit for Cd and Pb in soils, showing these metals in the studied area are considered safe. Human activities have had less influence on lead and cadmium concentration in soils in these locations. Therefore, the total Cd and Pb content found in these soils may be from parent materials.
International Journal of Ecology, 2015
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Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008
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Heavy metal pollution of soils along North Shuna-Aqaba Highway, Jordan
International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2004
Attention to heavy metal contamination associated with highways or motorways has risen in the last decades because of the associated health hazards and risks. The present study analysed the metal content in soil samples of one of the main highways along the western part of the Jordanian border, the North Shuna-Dead Sea-Aqaba Highway. The metals analysed were Pb, Zn, Cd, Co and Ni. In the samples collected, the recorded average concentrations were as follows: 40 ppm for Ni, 5 ppm for Cd, 79 ppm for Zn, 79 ppm for Pb, and 25 ppm for Co. The average concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Co are higher than the average natural background values of heavy metals. The geoaccumulation index of these metals in the soils under study indicated that they are uncontaminated with Ni, Zn, and Co and moderately contaminated with Cd and Pb. In all of the investigated locations, the study found that concentrations decreased with depth. The cluster statistical analyses and pollution load index were used to relate pollution to land use or highway conditions. Two main trends were identified: (i) higher concentrations were located near intersections close to the urban areas in the Jordan Valley, in association with junctions controlled by traffic lights and check points, and (ii) lower concentrations were found to the southwest in areas of mainly barren landscape close to the Dead Sea and Aqaba.
Geo-environmental study of heavy metals of the agricultural highway soils, NW Jordan
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2018
This study investigated the status and distribution patterns of selected heavy metals in roadside soils along Irbid-North Shooneh Highway, Jordan. This highway has experienced a growing number of vehicles that are likely to influence the levels of heavy metals in the surrounding agricultural lands. The average concentrations of Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni were 16.0, 36.0, 11.0, 4.0, 79.0, 122.0, and 60.0 mg/kg, respectively. Cd, Pb, and Co showed average levels that are higher than the average world soil background values. Elevated levels of heavy metals were measured in surface soil layer which decreased with depth, and with distance from the roadway. The contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), single ecological risk (Ei), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) generally indicated that the roadside soils are contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Ni. Heavy metals in soils are of geogenic and anthropogenic origins. Weathering of parent rocks in Wadi Al-Arab catchment is the primary natural source, whereas agrochemicals, vehicle exhausts, degradation of surface wear and paint of vehicles, vehicle wear debris of tire, and brake lining are the main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals.
Determination of Cadmium in Roadside Soil and Plants in Erbil, Iraq
2020
In recent years the number of cars has been growing rapidly due to which the pollution load in soil is increasing gradually. Generally, heavy metal contamination of the soil has raised concerns in recent years due to its potential effects not only on human health but also on the plant system. To knowledge the consequences of Cadmium (Cd) on plant systems, in the current study we collected the soil samples and Hordeum, Triticum and Vicia faba plants from two different highway sides (Erbil-Altun Kupri and Erbil-Koya). The results of statistical analysis of variance show that there were no significant differences between distances (P 0.33). Vehicle emission could cause mitotic irregularities consisting of anaphase bridges, chromosome breaks, stickiness, and micronuclei. The intensity of Cd effects is basically relying on the Cd concentration and plant type.
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLEDGE, 2019
Introduction Heavy metal pollution is one of the main ecological problems in the whole world (Gardea-Torresdey et al., 2005; Claus et al., 2007). Soil is contaminated by sour rains, boiler-house emissions and exhaust gas discharged from vehicles. Heavy metals are detected in farming lands and plants therein as well as various food chains, which finally cause serious ecological and human health problems. The major part of chemical element emissions accumulates in soil and in deposits of water basin bottom. Soil is treated as a medium of contaminant, accumulation and contaminant transport. Upon getting into soil with dust, precipitation or in any other way, contaminants accumulate in it in the form of different combinations. From soil, they can enter plants and through them the food chain. They can also migrate to surface, ground and underground waters and spread to large distances, re-enter food chains and poison living organisms. Heavy metals can migrate within soil, some of them accumulate in it and often disturb soil processes and sometimes can even cause soil degradation. The pollution of soils by heavy metals from automobile sources is a serious environmental issue. These metals are released during different operations of the road transport such as combustion, component wear, fluid leakage and corrosion of metals. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are the major metal pollutants of the roadside environments and are released from fuel burning, wear out of tires, leakage of oils, and corrosion of batteries and metallic parts such as radiators etc. (Dolan et al., 2006). Heavy metals may have significantly toxic and hazardous effects on human health, especially Cd and Pb, as nonessential elements (Bakirdere, 2008). Cadmium tends to be very mobile in soil systems and therefore very available to plants. Plant species differ widely in their tendency to accumulate Cd. Absorption/desorption of Cd is about 10-fold more rapid than that of lead. Chronic Cd exposures result in kidney damage, bone deformities, and cardiovascular problems. Lead is especially accumulated in surface horizon of soil because its low water solubility within an environmentally relevant pH range results in very low mobility. Neurological problems, especially in children, are the principal concern for chronic Pb exposure, along with other health-endangering effects, such as blood enzyme changes, anemia and hyperactivity (Barkirdere, 2008). It is known that Cu is an essential element, but it may be toxic to both human and animals when its concentration exceeds the safe limits and its concentration in some human tissues such as thyroid can be changed depending on the tissue state in providing even cancerous or non-cancerous effects (Bakirdere, 2008). Studies done in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on the concentration of heavy metals by Itana (1998) and Fantaye et al. (2003), hinted that there exists limited information concerning the concentration of heavy metals in roadside soils and plants. Furthermore, there is no data regarding metal concentrations in contaminated roadside soils of Oromia Regional State. The results of this research will be helpful in quantifying and evaluating the magnitude of toxicity risk and possible health risks by lead, cadmium, zinc and copper metals to the community. Findings from this work may initiate