Anti-oxidative activities of the various extracts of stem bark, root and leaves of Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) in vitro (original) (raw)
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Scavenging Evaluation of Different Free Radicals by Three Species of Ziziphus and Their Fractions
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 2017
A free radical is a compound with one or more unpaired electrons in its outer orbital. Excess production of free radicals in the body is dangerous. Today, antioxidants are consumed in the food industry and cosmetics. Most of the antioxidants are manufactured synthetically. The main disadvantage of these synthetic antioxidants is their side effects. Plants are the potential sources of natural antioxidants. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activities of three species of Ziziphus and their fractions. In vitro, antioxidant activity was evaluated by using methods such as nitric oxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and DPPH radical scavenging. For this purpose, after preparation of the crude extracts they were loaded on the resin as the stationary phase and eluted by water, water-ethanol (1:1) and ethanol, respectively. Then the different fractions were obtained. In this study, the results showed that water-ethanol fractions possessed the highest free radical scavenging. In the DPPH radical scavenging, the IC 50 of water-ethanol fractions of Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina christi was 140.24 ± 2.21, 115.8 ± 1.07 and 174.34 ± 2.52 lg/ml, respectively. The IC 50 of quercetin as a standard was 61.4 ± 0.98 lg/ml. In nitric oxide radical scavenging, the crude extract of Z. mauritiana showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC 50 = 143 ± 9.3 lg/ml). The water-ethanol fractions of all the samples exhibited the greatest hydroxyl radical inhibition at concentration of 1 mg/ml.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Total Phenolic content of Ziziphus Mauritiana Lam
2011
Summary The free radical scavenging potential of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam, was studied for its in vitro scavenging activity by different methods viz. DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation assay, superoxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and Non$ enzymatic Glycosylation of Hemoglobin assay. The results were analyzed statistically by regression method. The percentage scavenging and IC 50 values were calculated for all models. In all the methods, the extract showed its ability to scavenge free radicals in a concentration dependent manner. The measurement of total phenolic content by Folin$Ciocalteus reagent indicated that ethanolic and aqueous extract contains total phenolic compound 0.122 mg/ml and 0.150 mg/ml equivalent to gallic acid. The results indicate that both ethanolic and aqueous extract of Z . mauritiana had significant antioxidant activity.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2019
Background Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. is a plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of several diseases, of which diabetes is characterized by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of the extracts of leaves of this plant. Methods The crude hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of the leaves of Z. mauritiana and their partitionates in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, and in the residual aqueous solution (the F1, F2, F3, and F4 fractions, respectively) were first prepared. The content of polyphenols was determined and the antioxidant effects of the extracts were evaluated by their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results The HEE as well as the F3 and F4 fractions were rich in polyphenols with contents between 58 and 84 mg equivalent gallic acid per 100 mg. The flavonoid content was 4 mg qu...
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA LAM LEAF
Chronic alcohol ingestion is known to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby leading to liver damage. Antioxidant enzymes act individually or in combination to reduce or counter the effect of these ROS. Chronic administration of alcohol at (40% v/v, 1ml/100g), for 6 weeks showed a significant (p<0.05) elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB). There was also a significant (p<0.05) decreased levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase compared to control rats. Pretreatment of rats with 200, 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus mauritiana or 100 mg/kg silymarin resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decreased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and TB with levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase showing a significant (p<0.05) increase compared to group administered alcohol only. Histopathology of rat liver administered with alcohol only resulted in severe necrosis, mononuclear cell aggregation and fatty degeneration in the central and mid zonal areas which was a characteristic of a damaged liver. Pre-treatment with the aqueous extract of Ziziphus mauritiana or silymarin reduced the morphological changes that are associated with chronic alcohol administration. The presence of tannins, saponins and phenolic compounds observed in the plant extract could be responsible for the observed effects of decreasing the levels of injured tissue marker and lipid peroxidation.
The leaves of Azima tetracantha (Salvadoraceae) commonly known as " mulluchangu " is best known for its medicinal properties. In the present study, the antioxidant potency of successive extracts (petroleum ether, hexane, ethylacetate & methanol) was investigated, by determining the secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannin and phenolic compounds. The free radical scavenging activity of various solvent extracts of the leaves was assessed by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide generating models. Reducing power and Vit E level in the leaves were also measured. The results show that the methanol extract of the plant A. tetracantha contains significant quantities of the antioxidant principles compared to the other solvent extracts. Similar observations were seen in scavenging the free radicals by the methanolic extract of the leaves of A. tetracantha. Thus the therapeutic property of the leaves of the plant A. tetracantha can be attributed to the antioxidant principles which scavenge the free radicals responsible for pathological severity.
Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Ziziphus mucronata and Ricinus communis leaves extracts
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2015
Background: Plants have always been a successful source of remedy from nature. With the widespread use of medicinal plants by indigenous people, the search for biologically active agents is relevant as these plants have the potential to provide pharmacologically active compounds. This study aimed for investigating the effect of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Ziziphus mucronata Willd (Rhamnaceae) and Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae). Materials: aluminum-backed TLC plates (Fluka, silica gel F254), vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent, Fehling's solution, concentrated sulphuric acid, ferric chloride, Drangendorff's reagent, acetic anhydride, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet, Methods: Antibacterial activity was evaluated using microdilution assay and bioautography. Antioxidant activities were determined by using 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In vitro cytotoxicity was determined using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Results: R. communis leaves had eight secondary metabolites. Quantitative assay for R. communis, chloroform and methanol extracts had very high antioxidant activity compared to vitamin C. Plants extracts from all solvents exhibited high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 0.21 and 1.05 mg/ml. Most of the antibacterial compounds observed on bioautography had R f values ranging from 0.21 to 0.88. Z. mucronata had LC50 of 105.5 μg/ml and R. communis 131.8 μg/ml on Vero cells. Conclusion: This study revealed that both plants had free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities.
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2018
The aim of the study is to investigate the reducing power and superoxide radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract (EE) and an identified lead compound (LC) which is a triterpene derivative isolated from root bark of Zizyphus nummularia in vitro. : The evaluation of antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract Material and methods (EE) and an identified lead compound (LC) was done by measuring reducing power, superoxide radical. Results and conclusion: The result showed that the reducing power and superoxide radical scavenging activity of EE, LC followed a dose dependent pattern. The IC values for LC are comparatively lower than EE. So, the study showed that EE and 50 LC of have potent reducing power and superoxide radical inhibitory activity. Z. nummularia
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Objective: To find a new natural source of antioxidant, the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of some secondary metabolites extracted from roots of Ziziphus lotus were evaluated. Methods: The total polyphenol contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Pyrrocatechol, catechin and cyanidin equivalents were used for these parameters. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by several in vitro systems of assays, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity method, b-Carotene Bleaching assay (BCB), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) and Total Antioxidant capacity test (TAC). Results: The quantitative estimation showed that the roots of Z. lotus were rich in polyphenols (20.09 mg PE/g DW) and proanthocyannidins (1.56%) and they contained a small amount of flavonoids (0.02 mg CE/g DW). The most fractions exhibited high antioxidant activities, and some even showed higher potency than the standard synthetic antioxidants in some instances. In DPPH assay, all extracts had shown significant inhibition (58.535-94.730% at 1 mg/mL). In addition, the IC 50 values ranged from 0.211 to 0.816 mg/mL, compared to 0.110, 0.214, 0.214 and 0.413 mg/mL for gallic acid, tannic acid, butylated-hydroxyanisol and ascorbic acid respectively. In (BCB) assay, the extracts showed strong inhibition (55.55-100.00% at 1 mg/mL) and the IC 50 values ranging from 0.123 to 0.850 mg/mL compared to 0.433 mg/mL for gallic acid. A dose dependant curve was obtained for all extracts in the FRAP assay. However, the antioxidant potencies of ascorbic acid and extracts were comparable at low concentrations. The majority of extracts showed the highest value of antioxidant activity, based on TAC test (0.073-0.398 mg ascorbic acid / mg extract). Conclusion: The results indicate that Z. lotus roots could be an important sources of natural antioxidants.
2019
Ziziphus mucronata is a medicinal plant used traditionally for treating various diseases. The antioxidant assay for the crude extracts obtained from the berries of Ziziphus mucronata was carried out using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Purified antioxidant compounds were obtained by chromatographic methods and were subjected to structure elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Berries of Ziziphus mucronata were found to have high antioxidant activity since their ethyl acetate extract had an IC 50 value of 214.9 µg/mL and methanol extract had an IC 50 value of 8.9 µg/mL showing significant antioxidant activity in comparison to that of the standard ascorbic acid, which was found to have an IC 50 value of 1.5 µg/mL. Betulin, betulinic acid and ursolic acid were among the compounds isolated from the berries of Ziziphus mucronata and are known to possess significant antioxidant activity. They have not been known to be previously isolated from Ziziphus mucronata.
Antioxidative effects of leaves from Azadirachta species of different provenience
Food Chemistry, 2007
Twenty extracts of leaves from Azadirachta plants (Siamese neem tree of different provenience, neem tree and marrango tree), a traditional medicine, and frequently eaten in large amounts as parts of meals in Thailand, showed proportionality between total phenolics and radical-scavenging as measured, as reduction of Fremy's salt by ESR-spectroscopy. Scavenging effect of extracts from the neem tree was significantly lower than those of the Siamese neem tree and the marrango tree. The ability of the extracts to trap carbon-centred 1-hydroxyethyl radicals indicates prooxidative activity for a very high concentration of extract. The extracts were found to be efficient scavengers of compounds known to initiate lipid oxidation, as demonstrated by rate constants (25°C) for reaction with ferrylmyoglobin: k = (1.7 ± 0.3) Â 10 3 M À1 s À1 at pH 5.5 and k = (7.7 ± 1.4) Â 10 2 M À1 s À1 at pH 7.4, respectively, and with riboflavin triplet-state: k = (1.30 ± 0.02) Â 10 9 M À1 s À1 at pH 7.4. The rate constants for deactivation of ferrylmyoglobin by the extracts were larger than the rate constant for deactivation by the pure phenolic compounds present in the extract, demonstrating synergistic effects. All extracts showed high efficiencies as chain-breaking antioxidants. This was indicated by lowering of oxygen consumption rates in a peroxidising lipid emulsion, suggesting a role as dietary antioxidants. Siamese neem tree leaf extracts were found to interact with a-tocopherol in peroxidising liposomes, resulting in synergistic effects.