Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Total Phenolic content of Ziziphus Mauritiana Lam (original) (raw)
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Scavenging Evaluation of Different Free Radicals by Three Species of Ziziphus and Their Fractions
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 2017
A free radical is a compound with one or more unpaired electrons in its outer orbital. Excess production of free radicals in the body is dangerous. Today, antioxidants are consumed in the food industry and cosmetics. Most of the antioxidants are manufactured synthetically. The main disadvantage of these synthetic antioxidants is their side effects. Plants are the potential sources of natural antioxidants. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activities of three species of Ziziphus and their fractions. In vitro, antioxidant activity was evaluated by using methods such as nitric oxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and DPPH radical scavenging. For this purpose, after preparation of the crude extracts they were loaded on the resin as the stationary phase and eluted by water, water-ethanol (1:1) and ethanol, respectively. Then the different fractions were obtained. In this study, the results showed that water-ethanol fractions possessed the highest free radical scavenging. In the DPPH radical scavenging, the IC 50 of water-ethanol fractions of Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina christi was 140.24 ± 2.21, 115.8 ± 1.07 and 174.34 ± 2.52 lg/ml, respectively. The IC 50 of quercetin as a standard was 61.4 ± 0.98 lg/ml. In nitric oxide radical scavenging, the crude extract of Z. mauritiana showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC 50 = 143 ± 9.3 lg/ml). The water-ethanol fractions of all the samples exhibited the greatest hydroxyl radical inhibition at concentration of 1 mg/ml.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2019
Background Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. is a plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of several diseases, of which diabetes is characterized by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of the extracts of leaves of this plant. Methods The crude hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of the leaves of Z. mauritiana and their partitionates in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, and in the residual aqueous solution (the F1, F2, F3, and F4 fractions, respectively) were first prepared. The content of polyphenols was determined and the antioxidant effects of the extracts were evaluated by their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results The HEE as well as the F3 and F4 fractions were rich in polyphenols with contents between 58 and 84 mg equivalent gallic acid per 100 mg. The flavonoid content was 4 mg qu...
EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA LAM LEAF
Chronic alcohol ingestion is known to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby leading to liver damage. Antioxidant enzymes act individually or in combination to reduce or counter the effect of these ROS. Chronic administration of alcohol at (40% v/v, 1ml/100g), for 6 weeks showed a significant (p<0.05) elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB). There was also a significant (p<0.05) decreased levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase compared to control rats. Pretreatment of rats with 200, 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus mauritiana or 100 mg/kg silymarin resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decreased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and TB with levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase showing a significant (p<0.05) increase compared to group administered alcohol only. Histopathology of rat liver administered with alcohol only resulted in severe necrosis, mononuclear cell aggregation and fatty degeneration in the central and mid zonal areas which was a characteristic of a damaged liver. Pre-treatment with the aqueous extract of Ziziphus mauritiana or silymarin reduced the morphological changes that are associated with chronic alcohol administration. The presence of tannins, saponins and phenolic compounds observed in the plant extract could be responsible for the observed effects of decreasing the levels of injured tissue marker and lipid peroxidation.
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 2009
The antioxidant activity within the body has been well correlated with the body's defense mechanism against toxic free radicals. Alcohol ingestion increases the generation of free radicals. The present study was conducted to assess antioxidant potential of seed extract of Ziziphus mauritiana, which was standardized with HPLC. DPPH assay and Fenton reaction system was applied to assess free radical scavenging potential. The Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of extract on oxidative stress induced by alcohol. The animals were treated with graded doses of extract (100-400 mg/kg body weight) before the administration of alcohol. After 6 weeks animals were sacrificed and their livers were assessed for catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation. The results indicated that the extract of Ziziphus mauritiana potentially scavenged the free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. The pretreatment of animals with Ziziphus mauritiana extract inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly, and increased the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase in all extract treated groups (p<0.05) as compared to alcohol treated groups. The plant provides protection against the induction of oxidative stress by alcohol either by converting free radicals into stable products or by strengthening the antioxidant system.
antioxidant activity of various extracts and organic fractions of Ziziphus jujuba
2011
Antioxidant effectiveness of indigenous medicinal plant Ziziphus jujuba shoots extracts and fractions with different polarity solvents (n-hexane, ethylacetate, methanol, chloroform) was assessed for total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system. The shoots extracts and fractions contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents 310-823 GAE (mg/100g Dry plant matter) and total flavonoid contents 210-650 CE (mg/100g of Dry plant matter). The Ziziphus jujuba extracts and various organic fractions also exhibited good DPPH 50% inhibition (IC 50) ranges from 23.1µg/mL to 52.5 µg/ml and Inhibition of Peroxidation in Linoleic Acid 20.1 to 70.1%., respectively. Of the Ziziphus jujuba shoots extracts and fractions tested, 100% methanolic extract and 100% chloroform fraction exhibited the maximum antioxidant activity, the results of the present investigation demonstrated significant (p< 0.05) variations in the antioxidant activity. The results of the present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that Ziziphus jujuba shoots extracts and organic fractions are a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and nutraceutical applications
Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2019
The solvent extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves were evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Ethanol extract had the highest antioxidant capacity in all the tested assay models except for superoxide scavenging assay; ethyl acetate extract had the highest superoxide scavenging activity. The reducing power and cupric antioxidant capacity increased with increasing amounts of extract in all cases. All the extracts exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 7.33 ± 1.53 mm to 22.33 ± 0.58 mm against tested isolates. Ethyl acetate extract had the highest antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahemolyticus with 22.33 ± 0.58 mm zone of inhibition and the lowest MIC and MBC values of 2.5 and 4.0 mg mL −1 , respectively. The ethanol leaf extracts had the highest total phenolics (182.93 ± 6.94 mg GAE g −1 extract) that was highly correlated with r values ranging from 0.901-0.991 for phenolic and 0.960-0.989 for flavonoid contents, respectively.
The leaves of Azima tetracantha (Salvadoraceae) commonly known as " mulluchangu " is best known for its medicinal properties. In the present study, the antioxidant potency of successive extracts (petroleum ether, hexane, ethylacetate & methanol) was investigated, by determining the secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannin and phenolic compounds. The free radical scavenging activity of various solvent extracts of the leaves was assessed by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide generating models. Reducing power and Vit E level in the leaves were also measured. The results show that the methanol extract of the plant A. tetracantha contains significant quantities of the antioxidant principles compared to the other solvent extracts. Similar observations were seen in scavenging the free radicals by the methanolic extract of the leaves of A. tetracantha. Thus the therapeutic property of the leaves of the plant A. tetracantha can be attributed to the antioxidant principles which scavenge the free radicals responsible for pathological severity.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011
The present study was conducted to examine the anti-oxidative activities of extracts from different parts of Ziziphus mucronata. Stem bark, root and leaf samples were sequentially extracted with solvents of increasing polarity and tested for in vitro anti-oxidative activity using various models. Our results indicated that all the extracts had potent electron donating and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. However, the ethanolic extracts exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) more potent DPPH radical scavenging activity than other extracts and possessed lower IC 50 values than ascorbic acid and trolox. The organic extracts of all the parts demonstrated hydroxyl radical scavenging activities but the ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark and root as well as the ethanolic extract of the leaves displayed more powerful anti-OH* activity than trolox. All aqueous extracts were found to possess pro-oxidative activities in the hydroxyl radical scavenging method. Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities were observed in all the extracts tested except the aqueous extract of the roots that was found to be pro-oxidative at higher concentrations. Furthermore, dose dependent NO scavenging activities were observed in the ethanolic extract of the stem bark and ethyl acetate extracts of the root and leaves as well as the aqueous extract of the leaves. Data from this study suggest that the different parts of Z. mucronata, especially the ethanolic extracts possessed potent anti-oxidative activities that warrant further studies to identify the active key principles.
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Objective: To find a new natural source of antioxidant, the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of some secondary metabolites extracted from roots of Ziziphus lotus were evaluated. Methods: The total polyphenol contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Pyrrocatechol, catechin and cyanidin equivalents were used for these parameters. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by several in vitro systems of assays, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity method, b-Carotene Bleaching assay (BCB), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) and Total Antioxidant capacity test (TAC). Results: The quantitative estimation showed that the roots of Z. lotus were rich in polyphenols (20.09 mg PE/g DW) and proanthocyannidins (1.56%) and they contained a small amount of flavonoids (0.02 mg CE/g DW). The most fractions exhibited high antioxidant activities, and some even showed higher potency than the standard synthetic antioxidants in some instances. In DPPH assay, all extracts had shown significant inhibition (58.535-94.730% at 1 mg/mL). In addition, the IC 50 values ranged from 0.211 to 0.816 mg/mL, compared to 0.110, 0.214, 0.214 and 0.413 mg/mL for gallic acid, tannic acid, butylated-hydroxyanisol and ascorbic acid respectively. In (BCB) assay, the extracts showed strong inhibition (55.55-100.00% at 1 mg/mL) and the IC 50 values ranging from 0.123 to 0.850 mg/mL compared to 0.433 mg/mL for gallic acid. A dose dependant curve was obtained for all extracts in the FRAP assay. However, the antioxidant potencies of ascorbic acid and extracts were comparable at low concentrations. The majority of extracts showed the highest value of antioxidant activity, based on TAC test (0.073-0.398 mg ascorbic acid / mg extract). Conclusion: The results indicate that Z. lotus roots could be an important sources of natural antioxidants.
Immunomodulatory, Cytotoxicity, and Antioxidant Activities of Roots of Ziziphus mauritiana
Pharmacognosy magazine, 2017
The study is conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant potential of Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae). Phytochemical analysis of Z. mauritiana revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinone glycoside, cardiac glycoside, saponin, tannin, and flavonoids. The cytotoxicity of the plant Z. mauritiana was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality test. Antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were calculated in the plasma of rats after chronic administration of 400 mg/kg of Z. mauritiana for 6 weeks. The dichloromethane extract of the plant exhibited significant immunomodulatory activity, with inhibitory concentration 50% of 55.43 ± 7.9. The dichloromethane extracts of the plant showed 70% mortality at concentration 1000 μg/ml. SOD and T-AOC levels were increased while MDA level in the plasma was reduced in the plasma of rats treated with dichloromethane Z. mauritiana. This c...