The Impact of Physical Activities on Cognitive Performance among Healthy Older Individuals (original) (raw)
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Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Population
Caspian journal of neurological sciences, 2018
Background: Old age is accompanied by impaired musculoskeletal and nervous system, which may result in low mobility and cognitive problems. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and Cognitive Function (CF) among the elderly population. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 200 old people who were members of retirement clubs in Mashhad City, Iran in 2017. They were selected using purposeful sampling method. To collect data, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tools were employed. The Pearson correlation test and hierarchical regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and predictability of CF with PA, respectively after controlling intervening variable (age). Moreover, one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) analysis was used to examine difference between CF scores in different PA levels. Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between PA and CF in the elderly (r=0.63, P<0.0001). After controlling the age factor, PA was able to explain 42% of CF variance (F 2,197 =72.17, P<0.0001). Moreover, ANCOVA results indicated that cognitive impairment was higher in the elderly with low PA (F 2,197 =54.40, P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that lower PA was associated with higher cognitive impairment and older people with moderate and high PA had better CF than elderly with low PA. Therefore, suitable physical activity should be planned for the elderly to improve their ability in performing cognitive tasks.
Research Paper: Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Population
2018
Background: Old age is accompanied by impaired musculoskeletal and nervous system, which may result in low mobility and cognitive problems. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and Cognitive Function (CF) among the elderly population. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 200 old people who were members of retirement clubs in Mashhad City, Iran in 2017. They were selected using purposeful sampling method. To collect data, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tools were employed. The Pearson correlation test and hierarchical regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and predictability of CF with PA, respectively after controlling intervening variable (age). Moreover, one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) analysis was used to examine difference between CF scores in different PA levels. Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between PA and CF in the elderly (r=0.63, P<0.0001). After controlling the age factor, PA was able to explain 42% of CF variance (F2,197=72.17, P<0.0001). Moreover, ANCOVA results indicated that cognitive impairment was higher in the elderly with low PA (F2,197=54.40, P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that lower PA was associated with higher cognitive impairment and older people with moderate and high PA had better CF than elderly with low PA. Therefore, suitable physical activity should be planned for the elderly to improve their ability in performing cognitive tasks.
Benefits of Physical Activity on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2016
As the world becomes more populated and more medically advanced, more people are starting to live longer. There are growing concerns for the health and well-being of an ever-growing population. Aging is accompanied by a series of changes, cognitive decline being one of them. As health becomes more challenging, physical activity may become more cumbersome. However, in many instances, physical activity has been found to prevent and delay cognitive decline. In fact, exercise may prove to be a powerful preventative measure against cognitive impairment in older adults. The aim of this chapter is to explore the evidence base of the effects of physical activity on cognitive decline prevention as well as to review the recommended guidelines for physical activity in this population based on findings in the field.
Effectiveness of Physical Activity on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.13\_Issue.7\_July2023/IJHSR-Abstract27.html, 2023
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ageing refers to change in the ability to think, learn and remember that occur as individuals age. Resistance exercise and Tai Chi exercise program for older adults undergoing cognitive aging and to examine the effectiveness of physical activity on cognitive performance in older adults. AIM: The aim of the study was to the effectiveness of physical activity on cognitive performance in older adults. METHOD: A sample of 30 patients within age group of 50-70 years were randomly divided into two groups, Group A was 15 subjects and Group B was15 subjects which were taken on basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and method of quasi randomized sampling. The subjects in group A were treated as control group followed by any kind of activities as they want to do, group B treated with resistance exercise and Tai Chi exercise for 5 months. The subjects' cognitive performance was assessed by Time Up and Go and Mini Mental State Examination. The pre and post-test result were tabulated and assessed. RESULTS: The study concluded that after 5 months the Resistance exercise and Tai Chi exercise program were significantly improving the cognitive performance in older adults. CONCLUSION: The result of the study suggested that physical activity shows improvement in cognitive performance apparently caused positive effects improved in cognition flexibility, working memory, verbal fluency and learning and avoiding negative impacts on quality of life, sleep quality and possibly on muscular strength and mental confusion in older adults.
Journal of Aging Research, 2013
Studies supporting the notion that physical activity and exercise can help alleviate the negative impact of age on the body and the mind abound. This literature review provides an overview of important findings in this fast growing research domain. Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies with healthy older adults, frail patients, and persons suffering from mild cognitive impairment and dementia are reviewed and discussed. Together these finding suggest that physical exercise is a promising nonpharmaceutical intervention to prevent age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
The Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Review
"More people are reaching an older age today than ever before and the incidence of dementia is thus expected to rise. It is therefore important to investigate possible prevention of dementia and cognitive decline using cost-effective life-style changes. In this chapter we present a literature review of observational studies into exercise and cognition in the elderly and treatment studies using different types of exercise interventions and the effect these have on cognitive function. Many studies reported that physical activity can help to maintain cognitive abilities into old age, but not all treatment studies have found positive effects of exercise. This could be related to a variety of factors. We discuss the use of different cognitive tests and different measures of exercise and the influence this can have on whether a beneficial effect of exercise is found or not. We also explore a variety of participant and intervention characteristics that may moderate the effect of exercise on cognitive function. The results of this review suggest that there may be a relationship between physical activity and cognition. However, more future work is required in this area to establish exactly what type of exercise is most efficient and who may benefit from it."
Intense physical activity is associated with cognitive performance in the elderly
Translational Psychiatry, 2012
and the AIBL research group Numerous studies have reported positive impacts of physical activity on cognitive function. However, the majority of these studies have utilised physical activity questionnaires or surveys, thus results may have been influenced by reporting biases. Through the objective measurement of routine levels of physical activity via actigraphy, we report a significant association between intensity, but not volume, of physical activity and cognitive functioning. A cohort of 217 participants (aged 60-89 years) wore an actigraphy unit for 7 consecutive days and underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The cohort was stratified into tertiles based on physical activity intensity. Compared with individuals in the lowest tertile of physical activity intensity, those in the highest tertile scored 9%, 9%, 6% and 21% higher on the digit span, digit symbol, Rey Complex (RCFT) copy and Rey -min recall test, respectively. Statistically, participants in the highest tertile of physical activity intensity performed significantly better on the following cognitive tasks: digit symbol, RCFT copy and verbal fluency test (all Po0.05). The results indicate that intensity rather than quantity of physical activity may be more important in the association between physical activity and cognitive function.
Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment among older persons living in the community
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2007
Despite growing interest in the physical and environmental factors associated with the risk of cognitive decline, there is still a lack of information explaining whether they are related to each other. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of lifetime physical activity with cognitive performance in older persons aged 80 years or older. Data are from the baseline evaluation of the ilSIRENTE Study (n=364). Cognitive performance was assessed using a 6-item, 7-category scale [Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS)]. The questionnaire in the ilSIRENTE study form contained one item asking respondents about the frequency of light and high physical activity. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine the effect of different levels of physical activity on cognitive performance, after adjustment for potential confounding variables. The mean age of 364 subjects participating in the study was 85.9 (standard deviation [SD] 4.9) years, and 244 (67.0%) were women. Of the total sample, 158 subjects (43%) had a history of high intensity physical activity during young age; the rate of high intensity physical activity was lower during adult age and old age (125 and 67 subjects, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals with a history of high intensity physical activity had a significantly lower CPS score (indicating better performance) than other participants, independently of the age period considered. The present study suggests that, among old-old subjects living in the community, a history of high physical activity is associated with better cognitive performance.